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1,723 results for “Reactivation”
Machine learning reactive mixing dataset-11
<p>Reactive-mixing dataset-3.2 for machine learning analyses</p>
Machine learning reactive mixing dataset-20
<p>Reactive-mixing dataset-6 for machine learning analyses</p>
Machine learning reactive mixing dataset-18
<p>Reactive-mixing dataset-5.1 for machine learning analyses</p>
Machine learning reactive mixing dataset-19
<p>Reactive-mixing dataset-5.2 for machine learning analyses</p>
Machine learning reactive mixing dataset-17
<p>Reactive-mixing dataset-5 for machine learning analyses</p>
Machine learning reactive mixing dataset-22
<p>Reactive-mixing dataset-6.2 for machine learning analyses</p>
Neural ensemble reactivation in REM and SWS coordinate with muscle activity to promote rapid motor skill learning
<p>Neural activity patterns of recent experiences are reactivated during sleep in structures critical for memory storage, including hippocampus and neocortex. This reactivation process is thought to aid memory consolidation. Although synaptic rearrangement dynamics following learning involve an interplay between slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM), most physiological evidence implicates SWS directly following experience as a preferred window for reactivation. Here we show that reactivation occurs in both REM and SWS, and that coordination of REM and SWS activation on the same day is associated with rapid learning of a motor skill. We performed 6-hour recordings from cells in rats' motor cortex as they were trained daily on a skilled reaching task. In addition to SWS following training, reactivation occurred in REM, primarily during the pre-task rest period, and REM and SWS reactivation occurred on the same day in rats that acquired the skill rapidly. Both pre-task REM and posttask SWS activation were coordinated with muscle activity during sleep, suggesting a functional role for reactivation in skill learning. Our results provide the first demonstration that reactivation in REM sleep occurs during motor skill learning, and that coordinated reactivation in both sleep states on the same day, although at different times, is beneficial for skill learning.</p>
Reactivity, fate and functional roles of dissolved organic matter in anoxic inland waters
<p class="Textkrper1">The transit of organic matter (OM) through the aquatic compartment of its global cycle has been intensively studied, traditionally with a focus on the processing and degradation of its dissolved fraction (DOM). Because this is so intimately related to oxidation, the notion tenaciously persists that where dioxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) is absent, DOM turnover is markedly slowed. In this Opinion Piece, we outline how diverse processes shape, transform and degrade DOM also in anoxic aquatic environments, and we focus here on inland waters as a particular case study. A suite of biogeochemical DOM functions that have received comparatively little attention may only be expressed in anoxic conditions, and may result in enhanced biogeochemical roles of these deoxygenated habitats on a network scale.</p>
Data from: Risk alleles for tuberculosis infection associate with reduced immune reactivity in a wild mammalian host
Integrating biological processes across scales remains a central challenge in disease ecology. Genetic variation drives differences in host immune responses, which, along with environmental factors, generates temporal and spatial infection patterns in natural populations that epidemiologists seek to predict and control. However, genetics and immunology are typically studied in model systems, whereas population-level patterns of infection status and susceptibility are uniquely observable in nature. Despite obvious causal connections, organizational scales from genes to host outcomes to population patterns are rarely linked explicitly. Here we identify two loci near genes involved in macrophage (phagocyte) activation and pathogen degradation that additively increase risk of bovine tuberculosis infection by up to 9-fold in wild African buffalo. Furthermore, we observe genotype-specific variation in IL-12 production indicative of variation in macrophage activation. Here we provide measurable differences in infection resistance at multiple scales by characterizing the genetic and inflammatory variation driving patterns of infection in a wild mammal.
Step-wise reduction of graphene oxide using reactive MD
<p>We investigate step-wise reduction of graphene /graphite oxides using reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The visualized molecular configurations exemplify how the reduction occurs at elevated temperatures and ambient pressure.</p>
The Reactivation of Decayed Positive Leader with Sudden Channel Elongation in Laboratory Long Spark
<p>The data support the manuscript entitled "The Reactivation of Decayed Positive Leader with Sudden Channel Elongation in Laboratory Long Spark". The *.rar file contains all data used therein and can be decompressed and opened, where these file folders contain the data corresponding to their respective Figures, as they are named. The data can be used freely for scientific purposes with appropriate citation.</p>
Data from: Cortical reactivation of spatial and non-spatial features coordinates with hippocampus to form a memory dialogue
<p>Episodic memories comprise diverse attributes of experience distributed across neocortical areas. The hippocampus is integral to rapidly binding these diffuse representations, as they occur, to be later reinstated. However, the nature of the information exchanged during this hippocampal-cortical dialogue remains poorly understood. A recent study has shown that the secondary motor cortex carries two types of representations: place cell-like activity, which were impaired by hippocampal lesions, and responses tied to visuo-tactile cues, which became more pronounced following hippocampal lesions. Using two-photon Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging to record neuronal activities in the secondary motor cortex of male Thy1-GCaMP6s mice, we assessed the cortical retrieval of spatial and non-spatial attributes from previous explorations in a virtual environment. We show that, following navigation, spontaneous resting state reactivations convey varying degrees of spatial (trajectory sequences) and non-spatial (visuo-tactile attributes) information, while reactivations of non-spatial attributes tend to precede reactivations of spatial representations surrounding hippocampal sharp-wave ripples.</p>
Data from: Reactive high-spin iron(IV)-oxo sites through dioxygen activation in a metal–organic framework
<p>In nature, nonheme iron-containing enzymes use dioxygen to generate high-spin iron(IV)=O species for a variety of oxygenation reactions. Although scientists have long sought to mimic this reactivity, the enzyme-like activation of dioxygen to form high-spin iron(IV)=O species remains an unrealized goal in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report a metal–organic framework featuring iron(II) sites with a local structure similar to that in α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. The framework reacts with dioxygen at low temperatures to form high-spin iron(IV)=O species that are characterized using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform, in situ and variable-field Mössbauer, Fe Kβ x-ray emission, and nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopies. In the presence of dioxygen, the framework is competent for catalytic oxygenation of cyclohexane and the stoichiometric conversion of ethane to ethanol.</p>
Frictional properties of feldspar-chlorite altered gouges and implications for fault reactivation in hydrothermal systems
<p>As particularly common minerals in granites, the presence of feldspar and altered feldspar-chlorite gouges at hydrothermal conditions have important implications in fault strength and reactivation. We present laboratory observations of frictional strength and stability of feldspar (K-feldspar and albite) and altered feldspar-chlorite gouges under conditions representative of deep geothermal reservoirs to evaluate the impact on fault stability. Velocity-stepping experiments are performed at a confining stress of 95 MPa, pore pressures of 35–90 MPa and temperatures of 120–400°C representative of in situ conditions for such reservoirs. Our experiment results show that the feldspar gouge is frictionally strong (<em>μ</em>~0.71) at all experimental temperatures (~120–400℃) but transitions from velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening at <em>T</em>>120°C. Increasing the pore pressure increases the friction coefficient (~0.70-0.87) and the gouge remains velocity weakening, but this weakening decreases as pore pressures increase. The presence of alteration-sourced chlorite leads to a transition from velocity weakening to velocity strengthening in the mixed gouge at experimental temperatures and pore pressures. As a ubiquitous mineral in reservoir rocks, feldspar is shown to potentially contribute to unstable sliding over ranges in temperature and pressure typical in deep hydrothermal reservoirs. These findings emphasize that feldspar minerals may increase the potential for injection-induced seismicity on pre-existing faults if devoid of chlorite alteration.</p>
A distinct isoform of lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1) epigenetically restricts EBV reactivation to maintain viral latency
<p>As a human tumor virus, EBV is present as a latent infection in its associated malignancies where genetic and epigenetic changes have been shown to impede cellular differentiation and viral reactivation. We reported previously that levels of the Wnt signaling effector, lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1) increased following EBV epithelial infection and an epigenetic reprogramming event was maintained even after loss of the viral genome. Elevated LEF1 levels are also observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt lymphoma. To determine the role played by LEF1 in the EBV life cycle, we used in silico analysis of EBV type 1 and 2 genomes to identify over 20 Wnt-response elements, which suggests that LEF1 may bind directly to the EBV genome and regulate the viral life cycle. Using CUT&RUN-seq, LEF1 was shown to bind the latent EBV genome at various sites encoding viral lytic products that included the immediate early transactivator BZLF1 and viral primase BSLF1 genes. The LEF1 gene encodes various long and short protein isoforms. siRNA depletion of specific LEF1 isoforms revealed that the alternative-promoter derived isoform with an N-terminal truncation (∆N LEF1) transcriptionally repressed lytic genes associated with LEF1 binding. In addition, forced expression of the ∆N LEF1 isoform antagonized EBV reactivation. As LEF1 repression requires histone deacetylase activity through either recruitment of or direct intrinsic histone deacetylase activity, siRNA depletion of LEF1 resulted in increased histone 3 lysine 9 and lysine 27 acetylation at LEF1 binding sites and across the EBV genome. Taken together, these results indicate a novel role for LEF1 in maintaining EBV latency and restriction viral reactivation via repressive chromatin remodeling of critical lytic cycle factors.</p>
Data to support: Anthropogenic influence on tropospheric reactive bromine since the pre-industrial: Implications for ice-core bromine trends
<p>Tropospheric reactive bromine (Br<sub>y</sub>) influences the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere by acting as a sink for ozone and nitrogen oxides. Aerosol acidity plays a crucial role in Br<sub>y</sub> abundances through acid-catalyzed debromination from sea-salt-aerosol, the largest global source. Bromine concentrations in a Russian Arctic ice-core, Akademii Nauk, show a 3.5-fold increase from pre-industrial (PI) to the 1970s (peak acidity, PA), and decreased by half to 1999 (present day, PD). Ice-core acidity mirrors this trend, showing robust correlation with bromine, especially after 1940 (<em>r</em>=0.9). Model simulations considering anthropogenic emission changes alone show that atmospheric acidity is the main driver of Br<sub>y</sub> changes, consistent with the observed relationship between acidity and bromine. The influence of atmospheric acidity and Br<sub>y</sub> should be considered in interpretation of ice-core bromine trends.</p>
Reactivating PTEN to impair glioma stem cells by inhibiting cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly pathway
<p>Glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal primary brain tumor, harbors glioma stem cells (GSCs) that not only initiate and maintain malignant phenotypes but also enhance therapeutic resistance. Although frequently mutated in GBMs, the function and regulation of PTEN in PTEN-intact GSCs are unknown. Here we found that PTEN directly interacts with MMS19 and competitively disrupts MMS19-based cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly (CIA) machinery in the differentiated glioma cells (DGCs). Interrogation of GSCs, when compared with their matched DGCs, revealed that PTEN is specifically succinated at cysteine (C) 211 in GSCs. Isotope tracing coupled with mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that fumarate, generated by adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) in <em>de novo</em> purine synthesis pathway which is highly activated in GSCs, promotes PTEN C211 succination. This modification abrogates the interaction between PTEN and MMS19, thereby reactivating CIA machinery pathway in GSCs. Functionally, inhibiting PTEN C211 succination through re-expressing PTEN C211S mutant, depleting ADSL, or consuming fumarate by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an FDA-approved prescription drug, impairs GSC maintenance. Importantly, re-expressing PTEN C211S or treating with NAC sensitizes GSC-derived brain tumors to temozolomide and irradiation, the standard-of-care treatments for GBM patients, by retarding CIA machinery-mediated DNA damage repair. These findings reveal an immediately practicable strategy to target GSCs for treating GBMs by combined therapy with repurposing NAC.</p>
Fifteen physiological traits related to osmoregulation and reactive oxygen species metabolism in two life form aquatic plants under a natural water salinity gradient on the Tibetan Plateau and Northwest China
<p><span>Aquatic plants, as the primary producers, determine the community structure and ecological function of freshwater ecosystems. However, salinization threatens inland freshwater wetlands and thus the survival of aquatic plants. Exploring the plant physiological responses to increasing water salinity could enhance our understandings of plant adaptive strategies under future climate change regimes in wetlands. We measured 15 physiological traits of 49 aquatic plant species along a large environmental gradient in alpine and arid regions of western China, to explore the physiological adaptions and compare the similarities and differences in adaptive strategies between the two life forms to natural water salinity. We found that both water salinity and low temperature were key factors affecting aquatic plants in alpine and arid regions. Aquatic plants adapt to saline habitats by accumulating proline and sulfur (S) concentrations, and to cold habitats by increasing ascorbate peroxidase activity. Plant trait network analysis showed that the hub trait in emergent plants was S, but in submerged plants was proline, suggesting that emergent plants balanced osmoregulation and reactive oxygen metabolism via S-containing compounds, while submerged plants prioritizing the regulation of osmotic balance via proline.</span></p>
A Large Fault Partially Reactivated During Two Contiguous Seismic Sequences in Central Italy: The Role of Geometrical and Frictional Heterogeneities
<p>Moment tensor catalog for events with M > 3.0, that occurred between January 2009 and April 2021, in Campotosto area, Italy. Moments tensor were calculated by applying the Time Domain Moment Tensor technique, originally proposed by Dreger and Helmberger (1993) and Pasyanos et al. (1996) and successively implemented at INGV by Scognamiglio et al. (2009).</p> <p>The catalog includes:</p> <p>Location of events: time, depth, lat and lon</p> <p>The moment magnitude: Mw</p> <p>The double-couple value: DC</p> <p>The Variance Reduction value: VR</p> <p>The six moment tensor components: Mxx, Mxy, Mxz, Myy, Myz, Mzz</p> <p>The orientation of nodal planes: strike1, dip1, rake1, strike2, dip2, rake2</p> <p> </p>
Pentavalent U reactivity impacts U isotopic fractionation during reduction by magnetite
<p>Original data pertaining to the manuscript 'Pentavalent U reactivity impacts U isotopic fractionation during reduction by magnetite' published in Environmental Science and Technology by Zezhen Pan, Luca Loreggian, Yvonne Roebbert, Barbora Bartova, Myrtille O.J.Y. Hunault, Stefan Weyer, Rizlan Bernier-Latmani.</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c10324">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c10324</a></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.