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287 results for “Response to selection”
Microbial responses to stress cryptically alter natural selection on plants
<p><span>Microbial communities can rapidly respond to stress, meaning plants may encounter altered soil microbial communities in stressful environments. Stress may therefore affect plant natural selection not only directly, but also indirectly via changes to the microbial community. Because stress can cause lasting changes to microbial communities, microbes may also cause legacy effects on plant selection that persist even after the stress ceases.</span></p> <p><span>To explore microbial indirect and legacy effects, we grew plants in stressful (salt, herbicide, or herbivory) or non-stressful conditions with microbes that had experienced each of these environments in the previous generation.</span></p> <p><span>Microbial indirect effects generally counteracted the direct effects of stress on plant selection, thereby weakening the strength of stress as a selective agent. Microbial legacy effects altered plant selection in non-stressful environments, suggesting that stress-induced changes to microbes may continue to affect selection after stress is lifted. </span></p> <p><span>These results suggest that soil microbes may play a cryptic role in plant adaptation to stress, potentially reducing the strength of stress as a selective agent and altering the evolutionary trajectory of plant populations.</span></p>
The density of anthropogenic features explains seasonal and behaviour-based functional responses in selection of linear features by a social predator
<p>Anthropogenic linear features facilitate access and travel efficiency for predators, and can influence predator distribution and encounter rates with prey. We used GPS collar data from eight wolf packs and characteristics of seismic lines to investigate whether (1) ease-of-travel or (2) access to areas presumed to be preferred by prey best explained seasonal selection patterns of wolves near seismic lines, and whether the density of anthropogenic features led to functional responses in habitat selection. At a broad scale, wolves showed evidence of habitat-driven functional responses by exhibiting greater selection for areas near low-vegetation height seismic lines in areas with low densities of anthropogenic features. We highlight the importance of considering landscape heterogeneity and habitat characteristics, and the functional response in habitat selection when investigating seasonal behaviour-based selection patterns. Our results support behaviour in line with search for primary prey during summer and fall, and ease-of-travel during spring, while patterns of selection during winter aligned best with ease-of-travel for the less-industrialized foothills landscape, and with search for primary prey in the more-industrialized boreal landscape. These results highlight that time-sensitive restoration actions on anthropogenic features can affect the probability of overlap between predators and threatened prey within different landscapes.</p>
Experimental evolution reveals differential evolutionary trajectories in male and female activity levels in response to sexual selection and metapopulation structure
<p>Behavior is central to interactions with the environment and thus has significant consequences for individual fitness. Sexual selection and demographic processes have been shown to independently shape behavioral evolution. However, while some studies have tested the simultaneous effects of these forces, no studies have investigated their interplay in behavioral evolution. We applied experimental evolution in the seed beetle <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> to investigate, for the first time, the interactive effects of sexual selection intensity (high (polygamy) vs. minimal (enforced monogamy)) and metapopulation structure (yes/no) on the evolution of movement activity, a crucial behavior involved in multiples functions (e.g., dispersal, predator avoidance or resource acquisition) and thus, closely related to <a>fitne</a>ss. We found that the interactive effects of the selection regimes did not affect individual activity, which was assayed under two different environments (absence vs. presence of conspecific cues from both sexes). However, contrasting selection regimes led to sex- and context-dependent divergence in activity. The relaxation of sexual selection favored an increase in female, but not male, movement activity that was consistent between environmental contexts. In contrast, selection associated with the presence/absence of metapopulation structure led to context-dependent responses only in male activity. In environments containing cues from conspecifics, males from selection lines under population subdivision showed increased levels of activity compared to those assayed in an environment devoid of conspecifics cues, while the opposite was true for males from panmictic lines. These results underscore that both the effects of sexual selection and population spatial structure may be crucial in shaping sex-specific behavioral evolution.</p>
Data from: Responses to artificial selection for locomotor activity: A focus on death feigning in red flour beetle
<p>Whole-organism performance, including locomotor activity, is an important fitness trait in many animals. Locomotor activity is often classified into sprint speed and locomotor endurance and differences in sprint speed and locomotor endurance affect on other traits such as life-history traits. Previous studies found that locomotor endurance, sprint speed, and brain dopamine (DA) levels are correlated with artificial selection for death-feigning (an anti-predator behavior that we refer to as "death-feigning syndrome") in some insect species. Thus, if the syndrome has a genetic basis, death feigning, sprint speed, and brain DA levels may be affected by artificial selection for locomotor endurance. We artificially selected for locomotor endurance over 10 generations in the red flour beetle <em>Tribolium castaneum</em>, and established higher (H) and lower activity (L) strains, then compared their death-feigning behavior, sprint speed, and brain DA levels. H-strain beetles exhibited significantly shorter duration of death-feigning, and significantly higher sprint speed, suggesting variation in death-feigning syndrome. Surprisingly, although brain DA expression affects various animal behaviors, we found no significant differences in the brain DA expressions of H- and L-strain beetles. Thus, our results imply genetic correlations between locomotor endurance, sprint speed, and death feigning, but not with brain DA expression, suggesting that differences in the biogenic amine results of our previous studies may reflect differences in behavioral expression mechanisms.</p>
Fitness costs and benefits in response to artificial artesunate selection in Plasmodium
<p>The file contains the raw data from the experiments.</p> <p>The tabs are as follows:</p> <p>"EX1_Bird data" contains all the data in Experiment 1 (Experiments are clearly labelled in the manuscript)</p> <p>"EX2_Mosquito parasitaemia" contains the quantification of oocysts n Experiment 2</p> <p>"EX2_Mosquito_lht" contains the quantification of mosquito life history traits in Experiment 2</p> <p>"EX3_Mosquito parasite dynamics" contains the quantification of oocysts and sporozoites over several days carried out in Experiment 3</p> <p>The column names are self-explanatory</p>
A comparative evaluation of ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4 in responses to selected genetics questions - Full study data
<p><strong>Objective</strong>:</p> <p>Our objective is to evaluate the efficacy of ChatGPT 4 in accurately and effectively delivering genetic information, building on previous findings with ChatGPT 3.5. We focus on assessing the utility, limitations, and ethical implications of using ChatGPT in medical settings.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>:</p> <p>A structured questionnaire, including the Brief User Survey (BUS-15) and custom questions, was developed to assess ChatGPT 4's clinical value. An expert panel of genetic counselors and clinical geneticists independently evaluated ChatGPT 4's responses to these questions. We also involved comparative analysis with ChatGPT 3.5, utilizing descriptive statistics and using R for data analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>:</p> <p>ChatGPT 4 demonstrated improvements over 3.5 in context recognition, relevance, and informativeness. However, performance variability and concerns about the naturalness of the output were noted. No significant difference in accuracy was found between ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0. Notably, the efficacy of ChatGPT 4 varied significantly across different genetic conditions, with specific differences identified between responses related to BRCA1 and HFE.</p> <p><strong>Discussion and Conclusion</strong>:</p> <p>This study highlights ChatGPT 4's potential in genomics, noting significant advancements over its predecessor. Despite these improvements, challenges remain, including the risk of outdated information and the necessity of ongoing refinement. The variability in performance across different genetic conditions underscores the need for expert oversight and continuous AI training. ChatGPT 4, while showing promise, emphasizes the importance of balancing technological innovation with ethical responsibility in healthcare information delivery.</p>
High-throughput phenotyping of salt-stress responses of the selected Arabidopsis hormone mutants
<p>This data was collected using Hight Throughput Phenotyping machine (psi.cz) purchased by KAUST in January 2018. The plants were germinated and grown under 12/12 light/dark light regime, 22C, 60% humidity for two weeks. After two weeks, half of the plants were exposed to approximately 100 mM NaCl (protocol described in Awlia et al., 2016, Frontiers in Plant Sci, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01414">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01414</a>). The rosettes of the plants were subsequently phenotyped using the Thermal Camera, RGB, and Chlorophyll Fluorescence camera (in this order). Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured after 15 minutes of dark adaptation using the "LightCurve2" protocol. </p> <p>The description of the traits is available in the notebook available at <a href="https://github.com/mmjulkowska/PSI_notebook">https://github.com/mmjulkowska/PSI_notebook</a> </p>
Data from: Characterizing wildlife behavioural responses to roads using integrated step selection analysis
Roads are a prevalent, ever-increasing form of human disturbance on the landscape. In many places in western North America, energy development has brought human and road disturbance into seasonal winter range areas for migratory elk. We sought to evaluate the predictions from the risk-disturbance hypothesis when studying elk response to roads during winter. Road proximity and crossing were used to evaluate these behaviours, which offered a rare comparison between two common measures of roads. We used integrated step selection analysis (iSSA) to evaluate four alternative hypotheses regarding the influence of roads on space-use behaviour across 175 elk-years of elk telemetry data, and we quantified both population-level and individual-level variations in responses. We demonstrated, for the first time, how iSSA can be used to combine movement analysis in a refined approach to habitat selection. Elk responded to roads as they would natural predation risk. Elk selected areas farther from roads at all times of day with avoidance being greatest during twilight. In addition, elk sought cover and moved more when in the vicinity of roads. Road crossings were generally avoided, but this avoidance was weakest during daytime when elk were both moving and closer to roads. Synthesis and applications. Energy development is transforming landscapes in western North America with the proliferation of roads, which we show is having substantial and multifaceted negative effects on elk movement and behaviour. These adverse effects can be mitigated by minimizing new road construction and by restricting traffic on roads as well as providing the protection of tree cover on elk winter ranges.
Data from: Differential proteomic responses of selectively bred and wild Sydney rock oyster populations exposed to elevated CO2
Previous work suggests that larvae from Sydney rock oysters that have been selectively bred for fast growth and disease resistance are more resilient to the impacts of ocean acidification than nonselected, wild-type oysters. In this study, we used proteomics to investigate the molecular differences between oyster populations in adult Sydney rock oysters and to identify whether these form the basis for observations seen in larvae. Adult oysters from a selective breeding line (B2) and nonselected wild types (WT) were exposed for 4 weeks to elevated pCO2 (856 μatm) before their proteomes were compared to those of oysters held under ambient conditions (375 μatm pCO2). Exposure to elevated pCO2 resulted in substantial changes in the proteomes of oysters from both the selectively bred and wild-type populations. When biological functions were assigned, these differential proteins fell into five broad, potentially interrelated categories of subcellular functions, in both oyster populations. These functional categories were energy production, cellular stress responses, the cytoskeleton, protein synthesis and cell signalling. In the wild-type population, proteins were predominantly upregulated. However, unexpectedly, these cellular systems were downregulated in the selectively bred oyster population, indicating cellular dysfunction. We argue that this reflects a trade-off, whereby an adaptive capacity for enhanced mitochondrial energy production in the selectively bred population may help to protect larvae from the effects of elevated CO2, whilst being deleterious to adult oysters.
Local ancestry to identify selection in response to trypanosome infection in Baoulé x Zebu crossbred cattle in Burkina Faso
<p><span>The genomes of crossbred (admixed) individuals are a mosaic of ancestral haplotypes formed by recombination in each generation. The proportion of these ancestral haplotypes in certain genomic regions can be responsible for either susceptibility or resistance against pathogens, and for performances in production traits. Using dense genomic markers from the Illumina Bovine SNP50 BeadChip, we estimated individual admixture proportions for Baoulé x Zebu crossbred cattle in Burkina Faso, which were tested for trypanosome infection by direct ELISA from blood samples. Furthermore, we calculated local ancestry deviation from average for each SNP across 29 autosomes to identify potential regions under selection in the trypanotolerant Baoulé cattle and their crossbreds. We identified significant deviation from the local average ancestry (above 5% and 10% genome-wide thresholds) on chromosomes 8 and 19 in the positive animals, while the negative ones showed higher deviation on chromosomes 6, 19, 21 and 22. Screening for <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> outliers in trypanosome positive/ negative animals we detected seven variants putatively under selection. Finally, we identified a minimum set of highly ancestry informative SNPs for routine admixture testing. Generally, results will serve as basis for further characterization, conservation and improvement strategies for purebred and crossbred populations. Our results are important not only for conserving the genetic integrity in the indigenous Baoulé cattle, but also for improving community-based breeding programs to increase trypanotolerance in crossbred populations.</span></p>
Data from: Contrasting demographic responses to size-selective harvesting among neighboring wild fish populations
<p>Sustainable harvesting of wild populations relies on evidence-based knowledge to predict harvesting outcomes for species and the ecosystems they inhabit. Although harvesting may elicit compensatory density-dependence, it is generally size-selective, which induces additional pressures that are challenging to forecast. Furthermore, responses to harvest may be population-specific and whether generalizable patterns exist remains unclear.</p> <p>Taking advantage of Parks Canada's mandate to remove introduced brook trout (<em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em>) to restore alpine lakes in Canadian parks, we experimentally applied standardized size-selective harvesting rates (the largest ~64% annually) for three consecutive summers in five populations with different initial size structures. Four unharvested populations were used as controls.</p> <p>At reduced densities, harvested and control populations exhibited similar density-dependent increases in specific growth, juvenile survival, and earlier maturation. However, size-selective harvesting simultaneously induced changes to size and age structure that contrasted among harvested populations. Average body length decreased in three of five harvested populations, whereas it tended to increase in control populations over the three years. We also detected contrasting, population-specific changes in body length variability and ultimately in length- and age-at-harvest in harvested populations but not controls.</p> <p>Overall, populations with smaller, more homogeneous body sizes, and living at high densities were most resilient to size-selective harvesting, exhibiting the smallest change in size-at-age. In contrast, large-bodied populations exhibited more substantial size-structure changes following selective harvesting: large-bodied populations experienced either stabilizing or disruptive pressures, when initial length variability was high or low, respectively.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and application</em>: Our results show that within species, size-selective harvesting inherently leads to more risk and uncertainty when harvesting populations with larger and more varied body sizes than smaller-bodied populations with less range in body size. Our study supports prioritizing regulations that protect harvested populations with larger and more varied body sizes. Such a management strategy would reduce the likelihood of eliciting unpredictable or undesirable demographic changes to fish populations with these attributes.</p>
Efficacy and Safety of Selective JAK 1 Inhibitor Filgotinib in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Inadequate Response to Methotrexate
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05090410. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Effect of Selected Fibres and Flours in Flat Bread on Post-prandial Blood Glucose Responses
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02671214. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Predicting Alcoholics' Treatment Responses to a Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00249405. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Selective Avoidance of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy In HER-2 Positive/Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients With Excellent Radiologic Response to the Breast and Axilla, P
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04993625. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Exploratory Study of Efficacy on Selected Natural Extracts Reducing Post Prandial Blood Glucose Response
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04258501. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Does Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Sex Selection Affect the Pregnancy and Miscarriage Rates in Women With an Expected Good Ovarian Response Undergoing IVF/ICSI Cycles?
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02149251. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Dose Response and Receptor Selectivity of Beta-blocker Effects on Bone Metabolism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02467400. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Responses of interspecific associations in mixed-species bird flocks to selective logging
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Genetic signatures of natural selection in response to air pollution in red spruce (Picea rubens, Pinaceae)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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