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179 results for “Rhizosphere”
FIGURE 1. Neodolichodorus hainanensis n in Description of Neodolichodorus hainanensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) from rhizosphere soil of golf turf in China
FIGURE 1. Neodolichodorus hainanensis n. sp. Female. A: Head region. B: Posterior part of pharynx. C: Head region with incisures and annuli. D: Lateral field. E, H: Vulva region, lateral and sub-ventral views; F: Anterior with pharynx; G, L, M: Tails. I, J. Lip region. Male. K: Lip region. N: Spicule and gubernaculum. O, P, R: Tails in lateral view. Q: Tail in ventral view.
FIGURE 2 in Description of Neodolichodorus hainanensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) from rhizosphere soil of golf turf in China
FIGURE 2. Digital photomicrographs of N. hainanensis n. sp. A. Whole female; B. Female cephalic region; C. Vulva region in lateral view; D. Vulva region in ventral view. E. Female anterior part; F. Whole male; G. Male anterior part; H. Incisures in median bulb region; I, J. Female tails in lateral view; K. Incisures on female tail in lateral view, the arrow shows phasmid; L. Male tail in lateral view; M, N. Male tails in ventral view.(Scale bars: A, F=70 µm; B=10µm; C,D=25 µm; E, I–K, N= 20 µm; F=120 µm; G, H, L, M=30 µm; H=25 µm).
FIGURE 2 in Paratylenchus shenzhenensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) from the rhizosphere soil of Anthurium andraeanum in China
FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of Paratylenchus shenzhenensis n. sp. A: Entire female; B: Female anterior part; C: Female lateral vulval flap; D: Female posterior part; E: Female cephalic region; F, G: Post uterine sacs; H–K: Female tails; L: Entire male; M: Male posterior part; N, O: Male tails. (Scale bars: A, L, M=20µm; B, D, E, H–K, N, O=10µm; C, F, G=5µm).
FIGURE 1. Paratylenchus shenzhenensis n in Paratylenchus shenzhenensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) from the rhizosphere soil of Anthurium andraeanum in China
FIGURE 1. Paratylenchus shenzhenensis n. sp. Female. A, K–N: Entire body; B, C: Anterior part; D: Posterior part; E: Lateral field at mid-body; F: Vulval region; G–J: Tails. Male. O–Q: Entire body; R: Anterior part; S: Posterior part.
Data from: Temporal dynamics of free‐living nitrogen fixation in the switchgrass rhizosphere
<p>Here we present data associated with the manuscript, <em>Temporal dyanmics of free-living nitrogen fixation in the switchgrass rhizosphere. </em>Free-living nitrogen fixation (FLNF) represents an important terrestrial N source and is gaining interest for its potential to contribute plant available N to bioenergy cropping systems. Switchgrass, a cellulosic bioenergy crop, may be reliant on FLNF when particularly when grown on low N marginal lands. These potential contributions of FLNF to switchgrass and the controls on this process are not well understood. We evaluated drivers of FLNF rates and N-fixing microbial community composition in field-grown switchgrass systems over two years with high temporal sampling. We found climate variables to be strong drivers of FLNF in switchgrass systems, compared to other environmental and biological factors including soil nutrients and N-fixing microbial community composition. Increased soil moisture availability tended to promote FLNF, but extreme rainfall events appeared to be detrimental. These climate-related responses suggest FLNF-derived N contributions may be reduced under projected climate shifts. We also found a significant, but weak correlation between N-fixing microbial community composition and FLNF rates including an observed shift in community composition between 2017 and 2018 and a similarly significant difference in FLNF rates between years. Lastly, we found that seasonal FLNF N contributions, based on measurement with high temporal resolution, may meet up to 80% of switchgrass N demands.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Review of the genus Scutylenchus Jairajpuri, 1971 (Nematoda: Tylenchida), with description of Scutylenchus dongtingensis n. sp. from rhizosphere soil of grass in China
FIGURE 2. Digital photomicrographs of Scutylenchus dongtingensis n. sp. Female. A. Anterior of body; B. Head region; D. Pharyngeal gland; G: Posterior of body; H–I. Tails in lateral view; J. Vulval region with epiptygma in lateral view; K. reproductive system with spermatheca; L. Cuticle marked into blocks by longitudinal striae in middle body, in ventral view; M. Incisures in middle body in lateral view. Male. C. Head region with stylet; E. Tails in lateral view; F. Tails in ventral view. (Scale bars: A–C, E–J, M=10 μm; D, L=15 μm; K=20 μm)
FIGURE 1. Scutylenchus dongtingensis n in Review of the genus Scutylenchus Jairajpuri, 1971 (Nematoda: Tylenchida), with description of Scutylenchus dongtingensis n. sp. from rhizosphere soil of grass in China
FIGURE 1. Scutylenchus dongtingensis n. sp. Female. A. Anterior with pharynx; C. Vulva region in lateral view; D–F, K, M. Tails in lateral view; G. Entire body. Male. B. Head region; H–I. Entire body; J. Cloacal region; L. Tail in ventral view, the arrow shows genital papilla; N–O. Tails in lateral view.
Improvement and Application of the Parameterization Scheme for Hydrothermal Properties of Rhizosphere Soil in Alpine Grassland
<p>Plant roots signifificantly altered soil hydrothermal properties but was not typically included in land-surface process models. This omission affected the simulation results of soil water content and temperature, particularly on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) where roots in the shallow soil were generally high. Global grassland above-ground biomass carbon data and root distribution model were used to build a geographically distributed, profifiled alpine grassland roots density dataset for the Community Land Model (CLM). The schemes for soil hydrothermal properties were modified to accommodate soil mineral, organic matter and roots. Compared with the original schemes, the new schemes presented an increasing or decreasing trend. The new schemes were verified by single-point, regional offline simulation, and the influence of alpine grassland roots on simulation results on the QTP were explored. The new schemes could effectively block the downward migration of 0-10 cm soil water, which were beneficial to water conservation. The heat storage capacity of 0-10 cm soil increased obviously, and the thermal conductivity showed a certain seasonal change. Therefore, the simulated dry deviation of 0-10 cm soil water content in the new schemes was significantly reduced. The simulated 0-10 cm soil temperature in the new schemes during soil non-freezing was generally lower than the observed, and the simulated cold deviation of this layer during soil freezing was also reduced.</p>
Species of fast bulk-soil nutrient cycling have lower rhizosphere effects: A nutrient spectrum of rhizosphere effects
<p>Tree roots not only acquire readily-usable soil nutrients but also affect microbial decomposition and manipulate nutrient availability in their surrounding soils, i.e., rhizosphere effects (REs). Thus, REs challenge the basic understanding how plants adapt to environment and co-exist with other species. Yet, how REs vary among species in response to species-specific bulk soil nutrient cycling is not well-known. Here we studied how plant-controlled microbial decomposition activities in rhizosphere soils respond to those in their corresponding bulk soils and whether these relations depend on species-specific nutrient cycling in the bulk soils. We targeted 55 woody species of different clades and mycorrhizal types in three contrasting biomes, namely a temperate forest, a subtropical forest and a tropical forest. We found that microbial decomposition activities in rhizosphere soils responded linearly to those in their corresponding bulk soils at the species level. Thereafter, we found that REs (parameters in rhizosphere soils minus those in corresponding bulk soils) of microbial decomposition activities had negative linear correlations with microbial decomposition activities in corresponding bulk soils. A multiple factor analysis revealed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and soil water content favored bulk soil decomposition activities in all three biomes, showing that the magnitude of REs varied along a fast-slow nutrient cycling spectrum in bulk soils. The species of fast nutrient cycling in their bulk soils tended to have smaller or even negative REs. Therefore, woody plants commonly utilize both positive and negative REs as a nutrient-acquisition strategy. Based on the trade-offs between REs and other nutrient-acquisition strategies, we proposed a push and pull conceptual model which can bring plant nutrient-acquisition cost and plant carbon economics spectrum together in the future. This model will facilitate not only the carbon and nutrient cycling but also the mechanisms of species co-existence in forest ecosystems.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Varicosporellopsis shangrilaensis sp. nov. (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales), a new terricolous species isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Astragalus polycladus in northwestern Yunnan, China
FIGURE 2. Varicosporellopsis shangrilaensis (CGMCC 3.21000, holotype). a Colony. b Macroconidia. c, e Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. d Microconidia. Scale bars: a = 10 mm, b, d, e = 10 μm, c = 20 μm.
FIGURE 1 in Varicosporellopsis shangrilaensis sp. nov. (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales), a new terricolous species isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Astragalus polycladus in northwestern Yunnan, China
FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree based on combined ITS, LSU, TUB and ACT sequence data from 42 Nectriaceae isolates. Bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (black) equal to or greater than 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities values (red) equal to or greater than 0.90 are indicated near the nodes. The two new isolates are in blue and type isolates are in bold. The tree is rooted with Pseudonectria buxi (CBS 114049 and CBS 324.53).
Supplementary data: Integrated use of consortia-based microbial inoculants and nutrient complex stimulates the rhizosphere microbiome and soybean productivity
<p>The data represent the impact of microbial consortia consisting of different combinations of <em>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</em>, <em>Bacillus megaterium</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, and <em>Azotobacter chroococcum</em> with or without nutrient complex (S, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, B, and Mo) on the abundance and activity of microorganisms in the rhizosphere, soybean growth and development, as well as the quantity and quality of seed yield under field conditions.</p> <p>A field experiment was performed to evaluate the responses of the rhizomicrobiome and soybean to seed treatments with multiple bacterial strains (<em>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Bacillus megaterium</em>, and <em>Azotobacter chroococcum</em>), applied individually or in consortia, with and without nutrient complex (S, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, B, and Mo). Seed treatments with microbial consortia of <em>Br. japonicum</em>, <em>B. subtilis</em>/<em>B. megaterium</em>, <em>A. chroococcum</em> strains and nutrients had the highest effect on the abundance of total bacteria, azotobacters, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes, and activity of dehidrogenase in soybean rhizosphere. The highest effect on plant height, plant weight, pod number, pod weight, seed number, and seed weight was obtained from treatment with <em>Br. japonicum</em> strains with nutrients, followed by co-inoculation with <em>B. megaterium</em> and <em>A. chroococcum</em>. In comparison with the control and <em>Bradyrhizobium</em> single inoculation, a statistically significant increase in the seed yield was recorded in treatment with <em>Br. japonicum</em>, <em>B. megaterium</em>, <em>A. chroococcum,</em> and nutrients, reflecting the highest increase in protein and oil yield. The interactive effects of microbial consortia and nutrients could be used as promising seed technology for sustainable soybean cropping.</p>
Fig. 2 in Abyssomicin derivatives from the rhizosphere soil actinomycete Microbispora rhizosphaerae sp. nov. TBRC6028
Fig. 2. Chemical structures of the isolated compounds from the soil actinomycete Microbispora rhizosphaerae sp. nov. TBRC6028.
Data from: Site specific distribution of oak rhizosphere associated oomycetes revealed by cytochrome c oxidase subunit II metabarcoding
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Data from: Differential impacts of nitrogen addition on rhizosphere and bulk-soil carbon sequestration in an alpine shrubland
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Data from: Temporal dynamics of free‐living nitrogen fixation in the switchgrass rhizosphere
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Species of fast bulk-soil nutrient cycling have lower rhizosphere effects: A nutrient spectrum of rhizosphere effects
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Data from: Switchgrass rhizosphere metabolite chemistry driven by nitrogen availability
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Carbon allocation to the rhizosphere is affected by drought and nitrogen addition
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Resilience of rhizosphere microbial predators and their prey communities after an extreme heat event
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