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Figure 14 in Maratus fimbriatus, a new peacock spider from the Darling Riverine Plains of New South Wales, with a review of the Maratus chrysomelas group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 14. More photographs of courtship display by the paratype (♂ #2) male Maratus fimbriatus. 1-3, From the side, the anterior orientation of the partly extended fringe can be seen clearly. 8-9, In nature, reflections off of the shiny black posterior portion of the dorsal plate may appear as a very bright pair of vertical lines, contributing to the visual effect of the vertical white stripes of the fan.

Figure 7 in Maratus fimbriatus, a new peacock spider from the Darling Riverine Plains of New South Wales, with a review of the Maratus chrysomelas group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 7. Views of female Maratus fimbriatus in ethanol. The epigynum is figured for two female specimens from the Australian Museum (8, 9), as well as the two paratype females (10-12). The smaller pair of posterior spermathecae in each example is somewhat separate from the large anterior (toward the top as shown here) 'windows' (fenestrae or fossae) of the epigynum. Prominent ducts of variable sclerotization proceed toward the anterior from these spermathecae.

Figure 6 in Maratus fimbriatus, a new peacock spider from the Darling Riverine Plains of New South Wales, with a review of the Maratus chrysomelas group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 6. Views of the two female types (1-8, 9-13) for Maratus fimbriatus. These have a fairly uniform 'salt and pepper' colouration. On the anterodorsal midline is a black figure in the shape of a two-headed arrow, and behind this on either side is a lighter coloured triangular spot (9). These may assist in the field identification of this species.

Figure 2 in Maratus fimbriatus, a new peacock spider from the Darling Riverine Plains of New South Wales, with a review of the Maratus chrysomelas group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 2. Dorsal opisthosoma of 15 male Maratus fimbriatus from the collection of the Australian Museum, Sydney. The catalog number of each specimen is shown at the upper right of each photograph (Table 1). The width and distance between the two white stripes varies. In some specimens these stripes converge to either the front (e.g., 11) or the rear (e.g., 14); in other examples (e.g., 1) they are nearly parallel. In most cases (e.g., 13, arrows) a fine posterior-lateral notch interrupts each stripe. This feature may also be observed in the male types (Figure 1).

Figure 4 in Maratus fimbriatus, a new peacock spider from the Darling Riverine Plains of New South Wales, with a review of the Maratus chrysomelas group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 4. Male types for Maratus fimbriatus (1-6, 7-10) in ethanol. In (6), reflections on the posterior dorsal plate appear to extend the two stripes of the dorsal opisthosoma toward the rear.

Figure 12 in Maratus fimbriatus, a new peacock spider from the Darling Riverine Plains of New South Wales, with a review of the Maratus chrysomelas group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 12. Display by a stationary (not stepping) male M. fimbriatus directly in front of a female (sequential 25 fps video). The fan was rotated from side-to-side (~2/s cycles), and the pedipalps were alternately moved apart and then brought together.

Figure 1 in Maratus fimbriatus, a new peacock spider from the Darling Riverine Plains of New South Wales, with a review of the Maratus chrysomelas group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 1. Views of holotype (1-6) and paratype (7-12) male Maratus fimbriatus. When retracted, the fringes join to form a sharp white tip at the end of the opisthosoma (10). When expanded during courtship display (11, 12), the light blue, iridescent colour of these fringes is revealed to the female.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Datasets regarding agricultural colonisation of riverine islands of Huallaga River, Peru. Shiringal locality

Data

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Data from: Two for the price of one: eDNA metabarcoding reveals temporal and spatial variability of mussel and fish co-distributions in Michigan riverine systems

Freshwater mussels (family Unionidae) are among the world's most endangered taxa, with almost 75% of North American taxa classified as a species of concern, threatened, or endangered. Despite the critical importance of comprehensive distributional data for the conservation of unionids and fishes, these data are often lacking because of the labor and resources associated with traditional survey methods. During their larval stage, unionid mussels use various fish species as obligate hosts, making native fish species vital to unionid persistence and an understanding of host distribution similarly important. Here, we utilized an eDNA metabarcoding approach to evaluate patterns of co-distribution of unionid mussels and fishes along ~362 km of the densely sampled Grand River network as well as the outlets of 19 tributaries along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, USA. We detected a total of 21 mussel and 40 fish taxa, with distinctive composition of both mussel and fish assemblages across tributaries and differences in fish taxa between sampling periods. Notably, we detected more mussel taxa within the Grand River watershed than at the outlets of all 20 rivers combined. Within the Grand River network, two fish taxa (Pylodictus olivaris and Cyprinella) were found more frequently in areas of high mussel diversity, and three fish taxa more frequently in areas of low mussel diversity (Umbra, Leuciscidae, and Etheostoma). There was little difference between eDNA detections of mussels from samples collected in June versus August, but we detected significantly more fish taxa in August compared to June. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the value of eDNA metabarcoding for evaluating co-distribution of ecologically connected taxa. The use of eDNA as a tool for determining distributions of mussels and their obligate hosts may facilitate conservation efforts for these imperiled taxa.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Data from: Long-term forecast of thermal mortality with climate warming in riverine amphipods

Dataset and code to reproduce the figures in the associated publication

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Lacustrine speciation associated with chromosomal inversion in a lineage of riverine fishes

Geographic isolation is the primary driver of speciation in many vertebrate lineages. This trend is exemplified by North American darters, a clade of freshwater fishes where nearly all sister species pairs are allopatric and separated by millions of years of divergence. One of the only exceptions is the Lake Waccamaw endemic Etheostoma perlongum and its riverine sister species E. maculaticeps, which have no physical barriers to gene flow. Here we show that lacustrine speciation of E. perlongum is characterized by morphological and ecological divergence likely facilitated by a large chromosomal inversion. While Etheostoma perlongum is phylogenetically nested within the geographically widespread E. maculaticeps, there is a sharp genetic and morphological break coinciding with the lake-river boundary in the Waccamaw River system. Despite recent divergence, an active hybrid zone, and ongoing gene flow, analyses using a de novo reference genome reveal a 9 Mb chromosomal inversion with elevated divergence between E. perlongum and E. maculaticeps. This region exhibits striking synteny with known inversion supergenes in two distantly related fish lineages, suggesting deep evolutionary convergence of genomic architecture. Our results illustrate that rapid, ecological speciation with gene flow is possible even in lineages where geographic isolation is the dominant mechanism of speciation.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Evaluating the efficacy of using GPS satellite transmitters to assess movement of bigheaded carp in a riverine system

We have evaluated the feasibility of using GPS satellite transmitters on invasive bigheaded carp species, silver carp, and bighead carp, that could determine patterns of movement, identify potential feeding and spawning areas, and inform a comprehensive monitoring and commercial removal program in the Illinois River Waterway system in the United States. Despite a wealth of information on bigheaded carp movement from acoustic and radio telemetry, a finer-scale approach to understanding habitat use and daily surfacing trends in movement would strengthen management efforts. Custom Fastloc™-GPS data-logging transmitters (with radio telemetry capability) manufactured by Sirtrack™ were tethered to adult bigheaded carp in field experiments. Sixteen field-deployed transmitters were recovered and yielded 490 individual GPS waypoints when transmitters were attached to fish. We observed movement rates within the Dresden Island Reach of the Illinois River Waterway of approximately 16 river km, and movement in and out of backwater habitats, and the warm-water discharge of a nuclear generating station. We have demonstrated the use of this technology to monitor bigheaded carp and will use the information gained from this study to inform future work with remotely accessed, real-time, Argos satellite-linked prototypes. Fine-scale accuracies, fast acquisition speeds, and the ability to gather real-time data make this a promising tool and is one of the first uses of GPS technology to track fish movement in a riverine system. Continued exploration to improve tag retention efficiency will enhance its utility for continued invasive carp management.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Riverine flow rate drives widespread convergence in the shell morphology of imperiled freshwater mussels

Frequent and strong morphological convergence suggests that determinism tends to supercede historical contingencies in evolutionary radiations. For many lineages living within the water-column of rivers and streams, hydrodynamic forces drive widespread morphological convergence. Living below the sediment-water interface may release organisms from these hydrodynamic pressures, permitting a broad array of morphologies and thus less convergence. However, here, we show that the semi-infaunal freshwater mussels have environmentally determined convergence in shell morphology. Using 3D morphometric data from 715 individuals among 164 Nearctic species, we find that species occurring in rivers with high flow rates have evolved traits that resist dislodgement from their burrowed position in the streambed: thicker shells for their body size, with the thickest sector of the shell being the most deeply buried. Species occurring in low-flow environments have evolved thinner and more uniformly thickened shells, corresponding to an alternative adaptation to dislodgement: increased burrowing efficiency. Within species, individuals also show increased shell thickness for their body size at higher flow rates, suggesting that ecophenotypy may, in part, be an important mechanism for establishing populations in new environments and thus evolutionary divergence in this highly imperiled invertebrate group.