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FIG. 8 in Mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) of Espiritu Santo (Vanuatu, West Pacific), with the description of a new species

FIG. 8. — Lithophyllon spinifer (Claereboudt & Hoeksema, 1987) (RMNH Coel. 40127) from Vanuatu,Espiritu Santo, SE coast, Coolridge wreck: A, upper surface; B, lower surface. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 11 in Mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) of Espiritu Santo (Vanuatu, West Pacific), with the description of a new species

FIG. 11. — Holotype of Sandalolitha boucheti n. sp. (RMNH Coel. 40125) from Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo, SE coast, E Aoré Island, S Aïmbuéi Bay, depth 4 m: A, upper surface; B, details of septa; C, details of costae. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, C, 0.5 cm.

FIG. 6 in Mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) of Espiritu Santo (Vanuatu, West Pacific), with the description of a new species

FIG. 6. — Mushroom corals from Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo, SE coast: A, Cycloseris hexagonalis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848) (RMNH Coel. 40132) S Aoré Island, Bruat Channel; B, Zoopilus echinatus Dana, 1846 (RMNH Coel. 40136) N Tutuba Island. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 4 in Mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) of Espiritu Santo (Vanuatu, West Pacific), with the description of a new species

FIG. 4. — Mushroom corals from Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo, SE coast, Coolridge wreck. A, Cycloseris costulata (Ortmann, 1889) (RMNH Coel. 40134) with coral gall crab pits; B, Cycloseris mokai (Hoeksema, 1989) (RMNH Coel. 40130). Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 3 in Mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) of Espiritu Santo (Vanuatu, West Pacific), with the description of a new species

FIG. 3. — Cantharellus jebbi Hoeksema, 1993 (RMNH Coel. 40129) from Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo, SE coast, NE Aoré Island, N Aïmbuéi Bay: A, upper surface; B, lower surface showing attachment area. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 5 in Mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) of Espiritu Santo (Vanuatu, West Pacific), with the description of a new species

FIG. 5. — Cycloseris somervillei (Gardiner, 1909) (RMNH Coel. 40133) from Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo, SE coast, S Aoré Island, Bruat channel, N Perumamasa Island: A, upper surface; B, lower surface. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 2 in Mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) of Espiritu Santo (Vanuatu, West Pacific), with the description of a new species

FIG. 2. — Species richness analysis of the mushroom coral fauna of Espiritu Santo with the help of EstimateS 8.2.0. (Colwell 2009): Chao2 is an incidence-based species richness estimator; ICE is an Incidence-based Coverage Estimator; S observed represents the recorded species numbers; and Unique values indicate species only encountered once.

FIG. 13 in Mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) of Espiritu Santo (Vanuatu, West Pacific), with the description of a new species

FIG. 13. — Specimen of Sandalolitha boucheti n. sp. (RMNH Coel. 39964) from Malaysia, eastern Sabah: A, upper surface; B, lower surface with large detachment scar. Scale bars: 1 cm.

Fig. 3 in Leptoseris Kalayaanensis (Scleractinia: Agariciidae), A New Coral Species From The Philippines

Fig. 3. Leptoseris kalayaanensis, new species. Paratype (P1L01933): Detail showing the larger central corallite on the upper right. Photo: K. Luzon.

Fig. 6 in Leptoseris Kalayaanensis (Scleractinia: Agariciidae), A New Coral Species From The Philippines

Fig. 6. Leptoseris kalayaanensis, new species. Paratypes: ex (diameter 84 and 103 mm), NE Investigator Shoal, Kalayaan Islands (P1L01933 is the lower part). P1L01934 is partially covered by P1L01933 and is attached to the same rock. The two have no skeletal connection. Photo: W. Licuanan.

Fig. 5 in Leptoseris Kalayaanensis (Scleractinia: Agariciidae), A New Coral Species From The Philippines

Fig. 5. Leptoseris kalayaanensis, new species. Holotype: Detail and inset showing the base of a broken spine demonstrating it is solid, not hollow. Photo: K. Luzon.

Fig. 2 in Leptoseris Kalayaanensis (Scleractinia: Agariciidae), A New Coral Species From The Philippines

Fig. 2. Leptoseris kalayaanensis, new species. Holotype: Inset showing the slightly larger central corallite and its columella. Photo: K. Luzon.

Fig. 1 in Leptoseris Kalayaanensis (Scleractinia: Agariciidae), A New Coral Species From The Philippines

Fig. 1. Leptoseris kalayaanensis, new species: Holotype (diameter 94 mm), NE Investigator Shoal, Kalayaan Islands (P1L01932). Photo: W. Licuanan.

Fig. 4 in Distribution Patterns Of Mushroom Corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) Across The Spermonde Shelf, South Sulawesi

Fig. 4. The annual wind speed frequency distribution (elevation 14 m at Hasanuddin Airport, Ujung Pandang) registered over the years 1971–1979. The percentage of the frequency of variable winds below 1 knot is given in the centre of the rose. The wind rose is obtained by compiling data of monthly wind frequency distributions issued by Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika, Jakarta.

Fig. 1 in Distribution Patterns Of Mushroom Corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) Across The Spermonde Shelf, South Sulawesi

Fig. 1. Bathymetric map of the central section of the Spermonde Shelf (after De Klerk, 1983; Hoeksema, 1990), and its location at SW Sulawesi.

Fig. 5. A in Distribution Patterns Of Mushroom Corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) Across The Spermonde Shelf, South Sulawesi

Fig. 5. A. Oblique aerial photo of the first shelf zone (view from the north, 8 Dec.1987). Makassar's port is at the left hand side. The Jeneberang Delta with two recent protruding river outlets (arrows) and a sediment loaded plume are visible in the south. In between the port and the northernmost river mouth there is a bay that extends a dammed previous northernmost river outlet (see Fig. 1). The displayed reefs are Lae Lae (1D), Lae-Lae Caddi (1C) and Kayangan. B. Perpendicular view on Lae-Lae showing the densely inhabited island with its reinforced rectangular outline and the NNW directed breakwater (12 Dec.1987). C. Oblique aerial photo of Lae-Lae Keke (view from southeast) with an NNE-SSW oriented breakwater on top (12 Dec.1987). D. Oblique aerial photo of reef 3C (Kudungareng Keke; view from southern direction) showing the sand cay and adjacent sandy slope (arrows) at its eastern side.

Fig. 3 in Distribution Patterns Of Mushroom Corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) Across The Spermonde Shelf, South Sulawesi

Fig. 3. Schematic cross-section of the central Spermonde Shelf (approximately W–E) from the Makassar Strait (off Langkai) to the mainland (at Makassar). The main cross-shelf environmental gradients are indicated (arrows). The positions of reefs 4B, 3B, 3C, 2C, 2D and 1 D are indicated in Fig. 2.

Fig. 8 in Distribution Patterns Of Mushroom Corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) Across The Spermonde Shelf, South Sulawesi

Fig. 8. Densities (A) and species richness (B) of mushroom corals indicated on isobathic projections of transects around 13 selected reefs on the Spermonde Shelf (Fig. 2). The depths (≥ 3 m) of 50 × 1 m² belt quadrats (SUs) are indicated around each reef (see legend). Three main river outlets are shown: the Maros (north), the Tello (central) and the Jeneberang (south). The position of Makassar city is east of reefs 1C and 1D.

Fig. 2 in Distribution Patterns Of Mushroom Corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) Across The Spermonde Shelf, South Sulawesi

Fig. 2. The locations of 52 transects (arrows) around coral reefs on the central section of the Spermonde Shelf: 1A = Barang Baringang; 1B = Gusung Trabanusu (synonym Gusung Remanusu); 1C = Lae-Lae Keke (synonyms Lae-Lae Caddi and Gusung); 1D = Lae-Lae; 2A = Bone Batang; 2B = Barang Caddi (synonym Barang Keke); 2C = Samalona; 2D = Bone Baku; 3A = Bone Tambung; 3B = Kapodasang; 3C = Kudingareng Keke; 4A = Lanyukang; 4B = Langkai. Almost all reefs are cay-crowned (reefs 1B, 2D, 3B excluded); the cays of reefs 1A, 1C, 2A and 3C were not inhabited by people at the time of the survey.

Fig. 11. UPGMA-dendrogram showing relations between the 13 in Distribution Patterns Of Mushroom Corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) Across The Spermonde Shelf, South Sulawesi

Fig. 11. UPGMA-dendrogram showing relations between the 13 surveyed reefs (Fig. 2) with respect to the fungiid species composition observed in the transects (Table 2). The species numbers (n) are given behind each reef (coded 1A-4B).