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Fig. 7 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 7. Stereopairs and line drawings of the right petrosal of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401). A. Stereopairs of the petrosal in ventral view with (B) corresponding line drawing. C. Line drawing of the endocranial side of the petrosal with (D) corresponding stereopairs. Note the elongate tube (tiam) that houses the internal acoustic meatus and postglenoid foramen (pgf) in the petrosal/ squamosal suture. Scale bars are 2 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 5 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 5. Partial cranium of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401) in (A) dorsal and (B) lateral views. Scale bar is 5 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 6 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 6. Line drawing (A) and photograph (B) of the cranium of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401) in ventral view. Dashed line is approximate boundary between middle and posterior cranial fossae. Scale bar is 10 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 4 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 4. Anterior end of the rostrum of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401) in (A) dorsal, (B) lateral, and (C) ventral views. Note that the external nares (no) are above the canine. Scale bar is 10 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 2 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 2. Chronostratigraphic sequence of upper and middle Eocene carbonate units on the Coastal Plain of South Carolina and correlation with European stages and nannoplankton (NP) zones. Solid circle (v) denotes stratigraphic position of holotype of Carolinacetus gingerichi, new genus and species. Time divisions and NP zones follow Berggren et al. (1995).

Fig. 9 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 9. Line drawing (left) and photograph (right) of the cranium of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401) in posterior view. The posterodorsal tongue of the petrosal (pdt) is an autapomorphy of Carolinacetus. Scale bars are 5 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 3 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 3. Reconstructions of the holotype skull of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401) in (A) dorsal and (B) lateral views. Gray areas indicate portions of the skull actually recovered. Scale bar is 10 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 15 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 15. Left (A) and right (B) m3s of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401) in lingual view. Scale bar is 5 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 22 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 22. Anterior view of the fourth thoracic vertebra of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401). Scale bar is 5 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 1 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 1. Type locality (indicated by the star) of Carolinacetus gingerichi, new genus and species: South Carolina, Berkeley County; Martin Marietta Berkeley (''Cross'') Quarry. Cross Member, Tupelo Bay Formation, late Middle Eocene (Middle Bartonian).

Fig. 26 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 26. Paleocoastline map, Middle Eocene (Lutetian), ca. 45 Ma, showing paleogeographic distribution of selected protocetid taxa (AH) from Ypresian (Early Eocene) (l), Lutetian (Middle Eocene) (m), and Bartonian (Late Middle Eocene) (v) rocks, and probable route (d) of protocetid dispersal from Tethys Sea to North America. A. Himalayacetus subathuensis, Subathu Fm. (ca. 53.5 Ma), Kuthar Nala, India. B. ''Habib Rahi Limestone Whale'', Habib Rahi Fm. (ca. 48 Ma), Sulaiman Range, Pakistan. C. Various remingtonocetids and protocetids, Harudi Fm. (ca. 41 Ma), Kutch, India. D. Protocetus atavus, Mokattam Fm. (ca. 43.5 Ma), Gebel Mokattam, Egypt. E. ''Togo whale'', unspecified stratigraphic unit (ca. 45 Ma), KpogameHahotoe Basin, Togo. F. Pappocetus lugardi, Ameki Fm. (ca. 42 Ma), Ombialla District, Nigeria. G. ''Eocetus'' wardii, Castle Hayne Fm. (ca. 42 Ma), Maple Hill, North Carolina, U.S. H. Carolinacetus gingerichi, new genus and species, Tupelo Bay Fm. (ca. 40 Ma), Martin Marietta Berkeley Quarry, South Carolina, U.S.

Fig. 25 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 25. Strict consensus of two most parsimonious trees of 229 steps; thick lines/black boxes to the left of taxon names indicate known temporal ranges, circles to the right of cetacean taxa indicate geographic occurrence(s). Bremer support values are placed below and to the left of each node. Note that the branching order of taxa is generally concordant with the first geologic occurrence of taxa, and we can infer that the immigration of cetaceans to North America occurred in the latter half of the Lutetian. The geologic durations of taxa are from Gingerich et al. (1997, 2001a, 2001b) and Uhen (1998a, 1998b).

Fig. 17 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 17. Atlas vertebra (C1) of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401) in anterior (A), posterior (B), dorsal (C), and right lateral view (D). Scale bar is 5 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

FUTURES land change forecasts in response to flooding in Charleston area, South Carolina (2019-2050)

Climate-aware scenarios of FUTURES land change projections in Charleston area (Cherleston, Dorchester, Berkeley) for 2019-2050. Zipped folder <code>results</code> contains FUTURES v3 simulation runs for 3 counties in South Carolina, USA (Charleston, Berkeley, Dorchester) from 2019 to 2050. Included are five climate-aware scenarios (reactive, managed retreat, resist, polarized population, trapped population) and one scenario which does not take future climate conditions into account (dynamic development). Each folder contains 50 monte-carlo simulation results with <code>developed_seed_X.tif</code> and <code>adapted_seed_X.tif</code> where <code>X</code> goes from 1 to 50. Values of <code>developed_seed_X.tif</code> range from -31 to 31, where the positive values represent simulation step when an undeveloped pixel was developed and the negative values represent simulation step when a developed pixel was abandoned. Zero stands for initial development. For example, value -11 means the particular pixel was abandoned in 2030. Note that values of raster files in <code>Dynamic development</code> folder range from -1 to 31, where -1 means undeveloped and the rest is the same as above. Values of <code>adapted_seed_X.tif</code> range from 0 to 100, where 0 means trapped (flooded but no adaptation), the other values represent return period for which the pixel is adapted (e.g. 2-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 50- and 100-year flood). The files' CRS is Albers Conic Equal Area, NAD83(2011) datum. Additionally, we include <code>migration_matrix.csv</code> derived from IRS data, that contains probability values of moving from an origin county in the case study (row) to any other counties (columns).

openCC (other)Aug 2019View details →

Monthly litterfall, monthly tree band, and annual tree growth of a South Carolina coastal wetland forest

In the southern United States, forested wetlands are of special interest because of the extent of these forests. One of the problems in developing management practices for these areas is the difficulty in adequately describing productivity relations and predicting how the structure and function of these communities might be affected by natural or anthropogenic disturbances. Community response to environmental change often occurs over a period of years, and the majority of reported studies are for 1–3 years in duration. This study was initiated in an attempt to examine long-term changes in forest systems in response to drought, flooding, hurricanes, and climate change. This study documents long-term changes in structure, composition, and growth along a gradient of high water table forested sites of an ancient beach ridge landscape in coastal South Carolina. Permanent study plots (20-m x 25-m) were established across a moisture gradient (Xeric, Mesic, and Hydric – 5 plots in each) within a longleaf pine-swamp blackgum forest system on the southern end of the Waccamaw Neck area of Georgetown County, SC in January 2000. Litterfall was measured monthly using five 0.25 m2 litter traps in each plot beginning in February to December 2018. Monthly circumference change was recorded on a subset of trees within each plot using stainless steel dendrometer bands. Diameter of all trees greater than or equal to 10 cm diameter at breast height in each plot was recorded annually at the end of the growing season.

openCC (other)Aug 2019View details →

SRS Corridor Experiment Annual Plant Occurrence Dataset, South Carolina, USA, 2000 - current

The impacts of habitat fragmentation and restoring connectivity are difficult to disentangle from other drivers such as area and patch shape and may change over longer time scales. This dataset includes long-term colonization and extinction rates and plant species richness data based on plant occupancy records from experimental landscapes that manipulate habitat connectivity through the presence of habitat corridors, while controlling for patch area and shape. The experimental landscapes are located at the Savannah River Site near Aiken, SC, USA (i.e., “SRS Corridor Experiment”).

Meiobenthos abundance. Long-term variability and dynamics of estuarine meiobenthic populations for North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, from 1972 to 1992, North Inlet LTER (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)

This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/350/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-nin/6/1. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: The original purpose of this research was to determine if natural meiobenthic assemblages exhibited continuity over time and to monitor several physical variables to determine if these influenced long-term temporal patterns. The most recent study focused on variation and the relations of meiobenthos abundance with environmental factors over 11 years. Typically marine benthic community studies are limited temporally and the majority of previously published 'longterm' meiofauna results (all taxa) were based on about a year's duration.

Zooplankton Data for North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, from 1981 to 1992, North Inlet LTER (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)

This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/352/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-nin/2/1. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This data package consists of Zooplankton Data for North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, from 1981 to 1992, North Inlet LTER. The purpose of the long term monitoring of zooplankton was to characterize the fauna in the water column larger than or equal to 153 microns and to obtain some basic information on each of the taxa encountered there. A sampling regime of collections made at regular biweekly intervals was implemented to provide the best quantitative assessment of long term changes in the zooplankton population dynamics.

LTER Epibenthos Sampling Data for North Inlet Estuary, Georgetown, South Carolina from 1981 to 1992, North Inlet LTER (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)

This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/354/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-nin/7/1. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This data package consists of Epibenthos Sampling for North Inlet Stations Bread and Butter Creek, from 1981 to 1992, and Debidue Creek from 1981 to 1984, The purpose of the long term monitoring of Epibenthos was to determine seasonal and inter-annual changes in the taxonomic/life stage composition and abundance of small motile epibenthic invertebrates and fishes (1-20 mm in length) in the major sub- tidal habitats of North Inlet estuary.

Macrobenthos Sampling data for the North Inlet Estuary, Georgetown,South Carolina, from 1981 to 1992 North Inlet LTER (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)

This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/353/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-nin/9/1. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This data package consists of Macrobenthos Sampling Data for North Inlet Stations Bread and Butter Creek from 1981 to 1992, and Debidue Creek from 1981 to 1984, North Inlet LTER. The purpose of this study was to document the composition and abundance of macrobenthic subtidal populations over time at one mud and one sand site. Macrobenthos was defined here as those animals retained on a 0.5 mm mesh screen.