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Figure 2 in Constraints on convergence: hydrophobic hind legs allow some male pollinator fig wasps early access to submerged females

Figure 2. Scanning electron micrograph of a Ceratosolen bisulcatus adult male, showing the short and sparsely hairy hind legs.

Figure 4 in Constraints on convergence: hydrophobic hind legs allow some male pollinator fig wasps early access to submerged females

Figure 4. Scanning electron micrograph of an adult male Ceratosolen corneri (from Ficus botryocarpa) showing the elongate hind legs and the gaster curved forwards beneath the thorax. It is extended farther, in front of the head, during mating.

Figure 7 in Constraints on convergence: hydrophobic hind legs allow some male pollinator fig wasps early access to submerged females

Figure 7. Scanning electron micrograph of the fourth tarsal segment on the hind legs of Ceratosolen corneri (from Ficus botryocarpa) showing the socketed setae (black arrow), the more numerous nonsocketed setae and short microtrichia.

Figure 11 in Constraints on convergence: hydrophobic hind legs allow some male pollinator fig wasps early access to submerged females

Figure 11. Scanning electron micrograph of Sycophaga fusca (Girault, 1915) showing the (a) metasoma and (b) modified peritremata towards the end of the metasoma typical of the males of this genus.

Figure 10 in Constraints on convergence: hydrophobic hind legs allow some male pollinator fig wasps early access to submerged females

Figure 10. Resting position of the hind legs of a male Ceratosolen corneri when floating in a headdown position on the surface of distilled water. The water-repellent legs ensure that the propodeal spriracles (anterior to the base of the gaster) remain clear of the water surface.

Figure 6 in Constraints on convergence: hydrophobic hind legs allow some male pollinator fig wasps early access to submerged females

Figure 6. Scanning electron micrograph of the proximal part of the inner face of the hind coxa of Ceratosolen corneri (from Ficus botryocarpa) showing the non-socketed setae with raised bases and the highly modified cuticular surface.

Figure 1 in Constraints on convergence: hydrophobic hind legs allow some male pollinator fig wasps early access to submerged females

Figure 1. Drawing of a Ceratosolen dentifer Wiebes adult male showing the elongate hairy hind legs and the forward-pointing telescopic metasoma extending forward beneath the head (from Wiebes 1994, fig. 2, reproduced with permission).

Figure 9 in Constraints on convergence: hydrophobic hind legs allow some male pollinator fig wasps early access to submerged females

Figure 9. Variation in resistance to wetting (means ± standard deviation) of male fig wasp hind legs in relation to immersion in liquids with differing surface tensions. The solutions are ordered in sequence of increasing surface tension. Resistance to wetting was scored using an index of 0 (least resistant), 1 or 2 (most resistant), depending on the formation of air bubbles between the hind legs. (a) Ceratosolen corneri from Ficus botryocarpa. (b) Ceratosolen bisulcatus from Ficus septica.

FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Minimelanolocus (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales) from submerged wood in Yunnan, China

FIGURE 2. Minimelanolocus clavatus (DLU 3022, holotype). a. Appearance of the fungus on wood. b, c. Conidiophores. d. Conidiophore with developing conidium. e–h. Conidiogenous cells. i–v. Conidia. w. Germinated conidium. x, y. Colonies on PDA (x. above view, y. reverse). Scale bars: b–d = 40 μm, e–h = 25 μm, i–v = 15 μm, w = 25μm.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Minimelanolocus (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales) from submerged wood in Yunnan, China

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree based on RAxML analyses of a combined ITS, LSU and SSU dataset. Bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (MLBS) higher than 75% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) greater than 0.95 are indicated above the nodes as MLBS/PP. The tree is rooted to Cyphellophora sessilis (CBS 243.85) and C. oxyspora (CBS 698.73). Ex-type strains are in bold and newly generated sequences are in red.

FIGURE 4 in Two new species of Minimelanolocus (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales) from submerged wood in Yunnan, China

FIGURE 4. Minimelanolocus submersus (DLU 325). a. Appearance of the colony on wood. b–c. Conidiophores and developing conidia. d–g. Conidiogenous cells. h–q. Conidia. r. Germinated conidium. s, t. Colonies on PDA (s. above view, t. reverse). Scale bars: b–d = 50 μm, e–r = 20 μm.

FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Minimelanolocus (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales) from submerged wood in Yunnan, China

FIGURE 3. Minimelanolocus nujiangensis (DLU 962, holotype). a. Conidiophore. b. Conidiophore with conidia. c, d. Conidiogenous cells. e–l. Conidia. m. Germinated conidium. n, o. Colonies on PDA (n. above view, o. reverse). Scale bars: a = 35 μm, b = 80 μm, c–l = 15 μm, m = 25 μm.

FIGURE 3. Cladosporium angulosum COAD 2500. A in Cladosporium species from submerged decayed leaves in Brazil, including a new species and new records

FIGURE 3. Cladosporium angulosum COAD 2500. A. Cachoeira do Milita, Araponga-MG. B-C. Colonies on Malt Extract Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar, after 14 days, at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively D. Overview of reproductive structures of the fungus. E. Conidiophores branched forming a 90º angle. F-G. Secondary ramoconidia and conidia formed in acropetal chains. Scale bars = 10µm.

FIGURE 2 in Cladosporium species from submerged decayed leaves in Brazil, including a new species and new records

FIGURE 2. Cladosporium puris (VIC 44468, holotype). A. Tombo da Cachoeira, Canaã-MG. B. Leaf litter submerged in the watercourse. C –D. Colonies on Malt Extract Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar, after 14 days, at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E. Overview of reproductive structures of the fungus. F. Ramoconidia and conidia formed in acropetal chains. G. Secondary ramoconidia. H. Conidia. Scale bars = 10µm.

FIGURE 1 in Cladosporium species from submerged decayed leaves in Brazil, including a new species and new records

FIGURE 1. Multilocus phylogenetic tree inferred from Bayesian analysis based on the combined ITS/LSU, TEF1-α and ACT sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated next to the nodes. Culture numbers with type status are printed in bold face. The species in this study are highlighted in the colors red (Canaã), blue (Araponga) and green (Parque Estadual Serra do Brigadeiro). The tree was rooted with C. herbarum CBS 121621.

FIGURE 4. Cladosporium anthropophilum COAD 2497. A in Cladosporium species from submerged decayed leaves in Brazil, including a new species and new records

FIGURE 4. Cladosporium anthropophilum COAD 2497. A. Trilha do Encontro on PESB, Araponga-MG. B-C. Colonies on Malt Extract Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar, after 14 days, at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively D. Conidiogenous cell and secondary ramoconidia. E. Long and erect conidiophores. F. Conidiophores and chains of conidia. Scale bars = 10µm.

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FIGURE 3 in Additions to Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae) associated with submerged decaying wood in China

FIGURE 3. Distoseptispora yunnanensis (MFLU 20-0625, holotype) a Colonies on natural substrate. b–e Conidiophores with conidia. f–i Conidiogenous cells. j–l Conidia. m Germinating conidia. n, o Culture on PDA from above and reverse (14d). Scale bars: b = 80 µm; c–e = 60 µm; f, g = 30 µm; h–k, m = 40 µm; l = 50 µm.

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FIGURE 2 in Additions to Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae) associated with submerged decaying wood in China

FIGURE 2. Distoseptispora euseptata (HKAS 111958, holotype) a Colonies on natural substrate. b–d Conidiophores with conidia. e–g Conidia. h Germinating conidium. i, j Culture on PDA from above and reverse (14d). Scale bars: b = 30 µm; c–d = 40 µm; e–h = 20 µm.

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FIGURE 1 in Additions to Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae) associated with submerged decaying wood in China

FIGURE 1. Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis (ML) based on combined LSU, ITS, tef1-α and rpb2 sequence dataset. Bootstrap support values for ML, MP greater than 75% and Bayesian posterior probabilities greater than 0.95 PP are given above the nodes as MLBS/MPBS/PP. Branches with 100% ML BS, 100% MP BS and 1.00 PP are thickened. The tree is rooted to Pseudoplagiostoma variabile (CBS 113067) and Valsella salicis (BPI 748461). Ex-type isolates are given in bold and newly generated isolates in this study are in red.