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Figs. 14–17 in Using the Integrative Approach to Update a Gap of One Century: Redescription and New Distribution Records of the South American Tarantulas (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae).

Figs. 14–17. Grammostola pulchra. Habitat in the municipality of Capão do Leão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (14) General view of native wetland area between groves of Eucalyptus spp.; (15) Burrows, arrows indicate the holes that compose entrances of different burrows; (16) Individual at the entrance of the burrow; (17) A female in natural habitat. Photographed by R. S. Pittella.

Fig. 13 in Using the Integrative Approach to Update a Gap of One Century: Redescription and New Distribution Records of the South American Tarantulas (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae).

Fig. 13. Distribution map of Grammostola pulchra. Table 2. Length (mm) of legs and palpal segments of the male (MCTP 41831) of Grammostola pulchra

Figs. 9–12 in Using the Integrative Approach to Update a Gap of One Century: Redescription and New Distribution Records of the South American Tarantulas (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae).

Figs. 9–12. Copulatory organs of Grammostola pulchra. (9–11): Male (MTCP 41831), (9) left palpal bulb retrolateral view, (10) left palpal bulb prolateral view, (11) embolus apex detail, arrow indicates the developed apical keel. (12) Female (MTCP 41833), spermathecae ventral view. Scale bars: 9, 10, 12 = 1 mm; 11 = 0.1 mm.

Figs. 2–8 in Using the Integrative Approach to Update a Gap of One Century: Redescription and New Distribution Records of the South American Tarantulas (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae).

Figs. 2–8. Morphological characters of Grammostola pulchra. Male (MTCP 41831), (2) carapace and chelicerae; (3) sternum, maxillae, labium and coxae; (4) palpal tarsi, prolateral view, arrow indicate the small tuft of spiniform setae; (5) prolateral face of coxa I; (6–8) Right leg I tibial apophysis, (6) ventral view, (7) prolateral view, (8) small branch with spine on the inner side and group of subapical macrosetae. Scale bars: 2–3 = 5 mm; 4–8 = 1 mm.

Figs. 18–21 in Using the Integrative Approach to Update a Gap of One Century: Redescription and New Distribution Records of the South American Tarantulas (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae).

Figs. 18–21. Material comparison of Grammostola pulchra. (18) First illustration of the species since their original description, from Bücherl (1951, p. 199); (19) Type specimen; (20) Male habitus; (21) Female habitus. Scale bars: 10 mm. Photographed by P. G. Bassa.

Fig. 22 in First record of the tarantula genus Bumba (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Bolivia, with the description of a new species

Fig. 22. Distribution map of the known species of Bumba. The green Question mark indicates the unknown precise locality of B. mineiros in Paraguay.

Figs 1-6 in First record of the tarantula genus Bumba (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Bolivia, with the description of a new species

Figs 1-6. Bumba paunaka sp. nov., holotype male: 1, carapace, dorsal view; 2, abdomen, dorsal view; 3, labium, sternum and maxillae; 4, abdomen, lateral view; 5, eyes, dorsal view; 6, tibial apophysis, proventral view; PB, prolateral branch; RB, retrolateral branch. Green arrows indicate the subapical spines on the retrolateral branch of tibial apophysis. Scale bars =1mm.

Figs 16-21 in First record of the tarantula genus Bumba (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Bolivia, with the description of a new species

Figs 16-21. Bumba paunaka sp. nov., paratype female: 16, carapace, dorsal view; 17, eyes, dorsal view; 18, labium and maxillae. Abdomen: 19, dorsal view; 20, lateral view; 21, spermathecae, dorsal view. Green arrow indicates an oval small scar and a lateral abnormal expansion of the abdomen. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs 7-15 in First record of the tarantula genus Bumba (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Bolivia, with the description of a new species

Figs 7-15. Bumba paunaka sp. nov., holotype male, bulb: 7, retrolateral view; 8, ventral view; 9, dorsal view; 10, prolateral view; 11, detail of palpal bulb embolus at prolateral view; 12, detail of palpal bulb embolus at dorsal view. Palpal tibia and cymbium: 13, ventral view (green arrow indicates the retrolateral process); 14, prolateral view; 15, retrolateral view (Cy, cymbium; PI, prolateral inferior keel; PS, prolateral superior keel; Rp, retrolateral process; Ti, tibia). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 19 in First record of the tarantula genus Euathlus (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) in Peru, with the description of a threatened new species

Fig. 19. Mining concessions in southern Peru, Moquegua and Tacna regions. Yellow circles represent the record of Euathlus vanessae sp. nov.

Figs 3-5 in First record of the tarantula genus Euathlus (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) in Peru, with the description of a threatened new species

Figs 3-5. Euathlus vanessae sp. nov., male holotype (MUSA-AR 234), morphology of left palpal bulb: 3, ventral view; 4, prolateral view; 5, retrolateral view. The boxes indicate the apical embolus: serrated edge with three teeth at PI (AK, accessorial keel; PI, prolateral inferior keel; PS, prolateral superior keel). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figs 16, 17 in First record of the tarantula genus Euathlus (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) in Peru, with the description of a threatened new species

Figs 16, 17. Different habitats where Euathlus vanessae sp. nov. has been collected: 16, cacti and scrubs, approximately at 3500 m a.s.l.; 17, low shrubs, perennial herbaceous plants and queñua relicts (Polylepis besseri Hieron) approximately at 4100 m a.s.l. Photos by O. M. Quispe-Colca.

Figs 1, 2 in First record of the tarantula genus Euathlus (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) in Peru, with the description of a threatened new species

Figs 1, 2. Euathlus vanessae sp. nov., habitus, dorsal view: 1, male holotype (MUSA-AR 234) Moquegua, Mariscal Nieto, Moquegua; 2, female paratype (MUSA-AR 228) from queñua relicts (Polylepis besseri Hieron), Asana, Torata, Mariscal Nieto, Moquegua. Photos by O. M. Quispe-Colca.

Figs 11-15 in First record of the tarantula genus Euathlus (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) in Peru, with the description of a threatened new species

Figs 11-15. Euathlus vanessae sp. nov., female paratype (MUSA-AR 230): 11, carapace, dorsal view; 12, sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae, ventral view; 13, ocular tubercle, dorsal view; 14, spermathecae, ventral view; 15, abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm (Figs 13, 14), 5 mm (Figs 11, 12, 15).

Figs 6-10 in First record of the tarantula genus Euathlus (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) in Peru, with the description of a threatened new species

Figs 6-10. Euathlus vanessae sp. nov., male holotype (MUSA-AR 234): 6, carapace, dorsal view; 7, sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae, ventral view; 8, ocular tubercle, dorsal view; 9, left tibial apophysis, ventral view; 10, abdomen, dorsal view (PB, prolateral branch; RB, retrolateral branch). Scale bar = 1 mm (Figs 8, 9), 5 mm (Figs 6, 7, 10).

Figs 115–118 in New species of tarantulas from Brazil and notes on the Hapalopini tribe (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae)

Figs 115–118. Species of Hapalopini. 115. Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov., holotype ♂, CAD 1441. 116. Hapalopus guidonae sp. nov., holotype ♂, CAD 1443. 117–118. Kochiana fukushimae sp. nov. 117. Holotype ♂, CAD 1444. 118. Paratype ♀, CAD 1445. Scale bars =10 mm. Photos: 115. E.H. Yabiku. 116–118. W. Moeller.

Figs 91–102 in New species of tarantulas from Brazil and notes on the Hapalopini tribe (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae)

Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm.

Figs 79–90 in New species of tarantulas from Brazil and notes on the Hapalopini tribe (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae)

Figs 79–90. Kochiana fukushimae sp. nov. 79–88. Holotype ♂, CAD 1444. 89–90. Paratype ♀, CAD 1445. 79–82 Palpal bulb. 79. Retrolateral view. 80. Frontal view. 81. Prolateral view. 82. Embolous apex detached. 83–85. Palpal tibia. 83. Retrolateral view. 84. Ventral view. 85. Prolateral view. 86– 88. Tibial apophysis. 86. Retrolateral view. 87. Ventral view. 88. Prolateral view. 89–90. Spermathecae. 89. Ventral view. 90. Receptacle, detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm.

Figs 53–66 in New species of tarantulas from Brazil and notes on the Hapalopini tribe (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae)

Figs 53–66. Hapalopus akroa sp. nov. 53–64. Holotype ♂, IBSP 272763. 65–66. Paratype ♀, IBSP 272771. 53–57. Palpal bulb. 53. Retrolateral view. 54. Frontal view. 55. Prolateral view. 56. Embolous prolateral view detached. 57. Tegulum prolateral view detached. 58–61. Palpal tibia. 58. Retrolateral view. 59. Ventral view. 60. Prolateral view. 61. Dorsal view. 62–64. Tibial apophysis. 62. Retrolateral view. 63. Ventral view. 64. Prolateral view. 65–66. Spermathecae. 65. Ventral view. 66. Receptacle detached. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: A =Apical keel, PI = Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, SA = Subapical keel, TK =Tegular keel, VP =Ventral tegular projection. Palpal tibia: TP =Tubercular process. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm.

Figs 43–52 in New species of tarantulas from Brazil and notes on the Hapalopini tribe (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae)

Figs 43–52. Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov., holotype ♂, CAD 1441. 43–46. Palpal bulb. 43. Retrolateral view. 44. Dorsal view. 45. Prolateral view. 46. Prolateral detached view. 47–49. Palpal tibia. 47. Retrolateral view. 48.Ventral view. 49. Prolateral view. 50–52. Tibial apophysis. 50. Retrolateral view. 51. Ventral view. 52. Prolateral view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: E =Embolus, PA =Paraembolic apophysis, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PT =Prolateral tegular apophysis, V =Vertical area. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached area = 0.1 mm.