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204 results for “Thermal tolerance”
Data from: Variation in developmental temperature alters adulthood plasticity of thermal tolerance in Tigriopus californicus
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Data from: Thermal tolerance is linked to anatomical but not morphological leaf traits in woody species of Andean tropical montane forests
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Data from: Physical, chemical, and functional properties of neuronal membranes vary between species of Antarctic notothenioids differing in thermal tolerance
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Towards an understanding of the latitudinal patterns in thermal tolerance and vulnerability of woody plants under climate warming
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Effect of diapause duration on thermal tolerance in the cabbage beetle <em>Colaphellus bowringi</em> Baly
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Differences in thermal tolerance between parental species could fuel thermal adaptation in hybrid wood ants
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Beyond a single temperature threshold: applying a cumulative thermal stress framework to plant heat tolerance
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Data from: On the correlated evolution of ecological lifestyle and thermal tolerance
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Functional traits and drought strategy predict leaf thermal tolerance
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Colony-level mechanisms of thermal tolerance regulation in the ant Ectatomma ruidum
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Data from: Seasonal acclimation of photosynthetic thermal tolerances in six woody tropical species along a thermal gradient
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Limited plasticity in thermally tolerant ectotherm populations: evidence for a trade-off
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Intraspecific variation in thermal acclimation and tolerance between populations of the winter ant, Prenolepis imparis
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Hypoxia inducible factor-1α knockout does not impair acute thermal tolerance or heat hardening in zebrafish
The rapid increase in critical thermal maximum (CTmax) in fish (or other animals), previously exposed to critically high temperature is termed 'heat hardening', which likely represents a key strategy to cope with increasingly extreme environments. The physiological mechanisms that determine acute thermal tolerance, and the underlying pathways facilitating heat hardening, remain debated. It has been posited, however, that exposure to high temperature is associated with tissue hypoxia and may be associated with increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (Hif-1). We studied acute thermal tolerance in zebrafish lacking functional Hif-1α paralogs (Hif-1aa and Hif-1ab double knockout; Hif-1α-/-), which are known to exhibit markedly reduced hypoxia tolerance. We hypothesised that Hif-1α-/- zebrafish would suffer reduced acute thermal tolerance relative to wild-types and that the heat hardening ability would be lost. On the contrary, we observed that Hif-1α-/- and wild-type fish did not differ in CTmax, and both genotypes exhibited heat hardening of a similar degree when CTmax was re-tested 48 h later. Despite exhibiting impaired hypoxia tolerance (based on loss of equilibrium experiments), Hif-1α-/- zebrafish display unaltered thermal tolerance, suggesting that these traits are not necessarily functionally associated. Hif-1α is accordingly not required for short-term acclimation in the form of heat hardening.
Data from: The upper thermal tolerance for a Texas population of the hairy maggot blow fly Chrysomya rufifacies Macquart (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
<p>The hairy maggot blow fly (<i>Chrysomya rufifacies</i>: Macquart) is an invasive necrophagous fly found throughout the continental United States. <i>Chrysomya</i> <i>rufifacies</i> is of medical/veterinary, forensic, and ecological importance due to its ability to cause myiasis, colonize human remains, and displace native Diptera. However, little is known about their upper thermal tolerance, which could be used to better predict their invasion potential.</p> <p>We investigated the upper thermal tolerance of <i>C. rufifacies </i>exposed to different temperatures (20 – 45°C), times (1 – 6 h), and nutrients (no food or water, water only, or a food-water mixture) for both sexes and two age ranges (young = 6-8, old = 9-11 days post pupal emergence).</p> <p>As temperature or duration increased, the probability of knockdown increased (0 – 100% at 20 and 45°C and from 41 – 75% at 1 and 6 h), while the probability of survival decreased (99 – 2% at 20 and 45°C and from 75 – 28% at 1 and 6 h). The availability of nutrients increased thermal tolerance at moderate temperatures (40 and 42°C). Female flies were more thermally tolerant than males (probability of knockdown = 49% vs 58%; probability of survival = 58 % vs 46%). Thermal tolerance did not differ by age.</p> <p>These data reveal details about the upper thermal tolerance for a single population of <i>C. rufifacies</i>, and suggest that environmental and organismal factors ought to be considered in order to make meaningful predictions about the invasion potential of <i>C. rufifacies </i>in North America.</p>
Data from: Evidence for the evolution of thermal tolerance but not desiccation tolerance in response to hotter, drier city conditions in a cosmopolitan, terrestrial isopod
<p>Cities are often hotter and drier compared with nearby undeveloped areas, but how organisms respond to these multifarious stressors associated with urban heat islands is largely unknown. Terrestrial isopods are especially susceptible to temperature and aridity stress as they have retained highly permeable gills from their aquatic ancestors. We performed a two‐temperature common garden experiment with urban and rural populations of the terrestrial isopod, <i>Oniscus asellus </i>, to uncover evidence for plastic and evolutionary responses to urban heat islands. We focused on physiological tolerance traits including tolerance of heat, cold and desiccation. We also examined body size responses to urban heat islands, as size can modulate physiological tolerances. We found that different mechanisms underlie responses to urban heat islands. While evidence suggests urban isopods may have evolved higher heat tolerance, urban and rural isopods had statistically indistinguishable cold and desiccation tolerances. In both populations, plasticity to warmer rearing temperature diminished cold tolerance. Although field‐collected urban and rural isopods were the same size, rearing temperature positively affected body size. Finally, larger size improved desiccation tolerance, which itself was influenced by rearing temperature. Our study demonstrates how multifarious changes associated with urban heat islands, <i>i.e. </i>heat and aridity, will not necessarily contribute to contemporary evolution in each of the corresponding physiological traits.</p>
Thermal tolerance and cardiac phenotypes
<p>Adaptation to local environments involves the evolution of ecologically important traits and underlying physiological processes. Here, we used low coverage whole-genome resequencing (lcWGR) on individuals to identify genome regions involved in thermal adaptation in wild redband trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri</i>, a subspecies of rainbow trout that inhabits ecosystems ranging from cold montane forests to high elevation deserts. This study includes allele frequency-based analyses for selective sweeps among populations, followed by multiple association tests for specific sets of phenotypes measured under thermal stress (acute and chronic survival/mortality; high or low cardiac performance groups). Depending on the groups in each set of analyses, sequencing reads covered between 43-75% of the genome at ≥15X and each analysis included millions of SNPs across the genome. In tests for selective sweeps among populations, a total of six chromosomal regions were significant. However, association tests for specific phenotypes revealed that the region on chromosome 4 was consistently the most significant and contains the <i>cerk</i> gene (ceramide kinase). This study provides insight into a potential genetic mechanism of local thermal adaptation and suggests c<i>erk</i> may be an important candidate gene. However, further validation of this <i>cerk</i> gene is necessary to determine if the association with cardiac performance results in a functional role to influence thermal performance when exposed to high water temperatures and hypoxic conditions. </p>
Data from: Thermal plasticity in farmed, wild and hybrid Atlantic salmon during early development: has domestication caused divergence in low temperature tolerance?
Background: In the past three decades, millions of domesticated Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. have escaped from farms into the wild. Their offspring display reduced survival in the natural environment, which demonstrates that gene-flow is likely to have a negative effect on wild populations. However, inter-population differences in introgression of farmed salmon have been observed, and the underlying ecological mechanisms remain enigmatic. We hypothesised that domestication-driven divergence in tolerance to low temperatures during early development may contribute to lower survival of farmed salmon offspring in the wild, which in turn, may influence patterns of introgression among populations exposed to different temperature regimes. We reared the offspring of 35 families of wild, farmed and hybrid origin at three temperatures (3.9, 5.6 and 12 °C) from the onset of exogenous feeding and throughout their first summer. Thermal reaction norms for growth and survival were investigated along the gradient. Results: The main results of this study, which is based upon the analysis of juvenile salmon from five wild strains, two farmed strains and two hybrid strains, can be summarised as; (i) salmon of all origins were able to successfully initiate feeding at all temperatures and similar survival reaction norms were detected in all strains across the temperature gradient; (ii) deviating growth reaction norms were detected between strains, although this result was most likely due to an overall lack of growth in the lower temperature treatments. Conclusions: This study revealed no evidence of domesticated-driven divergence in low temperature tolerance in Atlantic salmon during early development. Although the potential interaction between low temperature and other river-specific factors cannot be excluded, our results indicate that the reduced survival of farmed offspring in the wild is not explained by farmed salmon displaying impaired abilities to initiate feeding at low temperatures. We therefore suggest that the observed inter-population patterns of introgression are not low-temperature driven and that other ecological or biological factors may explain why detection of farmed salmon in wild rivers is not synonymous with introgression. In general, our results support the literature indicating that phenotypic plasticity instead of thermal adaption has been selected for in Atlantic salmon.
Data from: GlobTherm, a global database on thermal tolerances for aquatic and terrestrial organisms
How climate affects species distributions is a longstanding question receiving renewed interest owing to the need to predict the impacts of global warming on biodiversity. Is climate change forcing species to live near their critical thermal limits? Are these limits likely to change through natural selection? These and other important questions can be addressed with models relating geographical distributions of species with climate data, but inferences made with these models are highly contingent on non-climatic factors such as biotic interactions. Improved understanding of climate change effects on species will require extensive analysis of thermal physiological traits, but such data are scarce and scattered. To overcome current limitations, we created the GlobTherm database. The database contains experimentally derived species' thermal tolerance data currently comprising over 2,000 species of terrestrial, freshwater, intertidal and marine multicellular algae, pl ants, fungi, and animals. The GlobTherm database will be maintained and curated by iDiv with the aim of expanding it, and enable further investigations on the effects of climate on the distribution of life on Earth.
Data from: Rain shadow effects predict population differences in thermal tolerance of leaf-cutting ant workers (Atta cephalotes)
<p>Tests of hypotheses for the evolution of thermal physiology often rely on mean temperatures, but mounting evidence suggests geographic variation in temperature extremes is also an important predictor of species' thermal tolerances. Although the tropics are less thermally variable than higher latitude regions, rain shadows on the leeward sides of mountains can experience greater diel and seasonal variation in temperature than windward sites. Rain shadows provide opportunities to test predictions about the relationships of extreme temperatures with thermal physiology while controlling for latitude. We tested the hypothesis that populations of leaf-cutting ants (Atta cephalotes) in leeward, montane, and windward sites in Costa Rica would differ in upper thermal tolerances (CT<sub>max</sub>) of workers. As predicted from rain shadow effects via extreme high temperatures, the leeward rain-shadow site yielded the highest mean CT<sub>max</sub> (rain shadow site 42.1±0.3 °C, Montane site 38.2±0.5 °C, windward site 38.2±0.3 °C). This suggests that high-temperature extremes in tropical rain shadow forests can select for higher thermal tolerances. CT<sub>max</sub> increased with worker body size within sites, but CT<sub>max</sub> increased with body size more gradually at the two lowland sites, as predicted if local high temperatures selected more strongly on the most thermally vulnerable society members (small workers). This suggests that warmer lowland climates selected for colonies with less variation in heat tolerance than cooler high elevation climates.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.