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Fig. 11 in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 11. Head capsules of first instar larvae of Lihelophorus and Helophorus s.str. a–b – H. (Lihelophorus) lamicola Zaitzev, 1908 (a – ventral; b – dorsal). c–d – H. (H.) liguricus Angus, 1970 (c – ventral; d – dorsal).

Fig. 4 in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 4. Details of the head and pronotum of the Helophorus (Lihelophorus) specimens. a–c – H. lamicola Zaitzev, 1908 (a – Qinghai: Zhaling Hu (lectotype); b–c – Qinghai: Golo). d–h – H. ser Zaitzev, 1908 (d – Qinghai: valley of Alag Hu lake (lectotype); e–f – Qinghai: Golo; g – Xizang, Nyainqentanglha Feng; h – Gansu: Xiahe env.). Not to scale.

Fig. 18. Meiosis metaphase II in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 18. Meiosis metaphase II from testes of Helophorus (Lihelophorus) species from Qinghai: Zuimatan. a–b – H. lamicola Zaitzev, 1908 (a – with y chromosome; b – with X chromosome). c – H. ser Zaitzev, 1908, with X chromosome. d–e – H. yangae sp. nov. (d – with y chromosome; e – with X chromosome).

Fig. 8 in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 8. Immature stages of Lihelophorus. a–d – head and prothorax of first instar larvae: a–b – H. (Lihelophorus) lamicola Zaitzev, 1908 (a – dorsal; b – ventral); c–d – H. (Lihelophorus) yangae sp. nov. (c – dorsal; d – ventral). e–f – egg cases: e – H. (Lihelophorus) lamicola Zaitzev, 1908; f – H. (Lihelophorus) yangae sp. nov.; g–j – abdomen with spiracles containing air bubbles: g–h – H. (Lihelophorus) lamicola Zaitzev, 1908 (g – tracheal gills and its tracheal system; h – detail of tracheal branching around abdominal spiracle); i–j – H. (Lihelophorus) yangae sp. nov. (i – detail of tracheal system around abdominal spiracles; j – tracheal system of abdomen). Abbreviations: sp – spiracle; trg – tracheal gill.

Fig. 14 in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 14. Head appendages of larvae of Lihelophorus and Helophorus s.str. a–b – labium of H. (H.) liguricus Angus, 1970 (a – ventral; b – dorsal). c–h – maxilla: a–d – H. (H.) liguricus (c – ventral; d – dorsal); e–f – H. (Lihelophorus) yangae sp. nov. (e – ventral; f – dorsal); g–h – H. (Lihelophorus) lamicola Zaitzev, 1908 (g – ventral; h – dorsal).

Figure 5. A, strict consensus tree from 11 in A new leptarctine (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of the northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for the phylogeny and zoogeography of basal mustelids

Figure 5. A, strict consensus tree from 11 shortest trees (tree length = 79 steps) recovered using the Branch and Bound option in PAUP (Swofford, 1993) on a 17 ¥ 31 data matrix (Table 2); B, bootstrap analysis performed on the same data matrix. Numbers at the nodes indicate per cent bootstrap support from heuristic search based on 100 replicates. Only groups with a frequency of greater than 50% are retained.

Figure 1 in A new leptarctine (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of the northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for the phylogeny and zoogeography of basal mustelids

Figure 1. Above, map of the Tabenbuluk (Danghe) area in the Tibetan Plateau. Below, map of selected vertebrate fossil localities and their geological relationships in the Danghe area (adapted from Wang et al., 2003c: fig. 2). Only the early Miocene localities in the Xishuigou Fauna are plotted (in upper right quadrant), along with the late Oligocene Yindirte Fauna (in lower left quadrant).

Figure 6 in A new leptarctine (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of the northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for the phylogeny and zoogeography of basal mustelids

Figure 6. Cladogram of basal musteloids. A single tree with a length of 77 was found using the Branch and Bound option in PAUP (Swofford, 1993) on a 16 ¥ 31 data matrix (Table 2). Character distributions were optimized using ClaDos (version 1.2, Kevin Nixon). As ClaDos does not accept a matrix with two-state codings, we converted the two-state characters into a single derived state.

Figure 3 in A new leptarctine (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of the northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for the phylogeny and zoogeography of basal mustelids

Figure 3. Holotype of Kinometaxia guangpui gen. et sp. nov., IVPP V13057, A, stereophotos of occlusal view of upper left P4 and M1; B, anterior and C, posterior views of skull.

Figure 2 in A new leptarctine (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of the northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for the phylogeny and zoogeography of basal mustelids

Figure 2. Holotype of Kinometaxia guangpui gen. et sp. nov., IVPP V13057, A, lateral, B, ventral, and C, dorsal views.

Figure 7 in A new leptarctine (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of the northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for the phylogeny and zoogeography of basal mustelids

Figure 7. Phyletic relationships, time ranges, and migration events of Eurasian and North American late Cenozoic leptarctines and some basal mustelids. The first appearance datums (FAD) are derived from the following sources: Paragale and Plesiogale from the late Aquitanian Montaigu-le-Blin locality in the Allier Basin of France (MN2a, c. 20.5–22.5 Mya) (Ginsburg, 1999), Trocharion from Vieux Collonges (MN 5, 17–15 Mya) of France (Qiu & Schmidt- Kittler, 1982), Kinometaxia from the IVPP DH 9910 locality in the Tiejianggou Formation (Wang et al., 2003c), North America leptarctines (Schultzogale, Craterogale, and Leptarctus) from the early Hemingfordian Runningwater Formation of Nebraska (Baskin, 1998; Lim & Martin, 2000), and Leptarctus neimenguensis from the late Tunggurian Tairum Nor locality in the Tunggur Formation of China (Zhai, 1964; Wang et al., 2003b). Open arrows pointing right and left indicate eastward and westward migration events respectively.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Charcoal concentration records of Nanyu Section in the Wushan Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China

We provide a high–resolution [~9 thousand years (ky)/sample] charcoal concentration record from the Nanyu section (Long. 140.9° E, Lat. 34.7° N) during the Mid–Miocene (~16–13.6 Ma) in the Wushan Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China.

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Charcoal particles concentration records of Nanyu Section in the Wushan Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China

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Data of "Aerosol-cloud interaction enhanced the Tibetan Plateau warming " - version1

The data (version 1) of "Aerosol-cloud interaction enhanced the Tibetan Plateau warming ". This is source observation data of figures in the manuscript "Aerosol-cloud interaction enhanced the Tibetan Plateau warming". The manuscript is currently in the status of initial submission.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Figure 2 in Origin of adaptations to open environments and social behaviour in sabretoothed cats from the northeastern border of the Tibetan Plateau

Figure 2. Tip-dating phylogeny of Machairodontinae. Biogeographic hypotheses (BioGeoBEARS implemented in RASP 4.2) are located at the nodes, with pie charts indicating the posterior probabilities of that node being present in a given geograpical region. The dispersal curves (for Machairodontini only, from M. aphanistus to Homotheriina) are located at the bottom of the figure. See the posterior probability of each node of the tip-dating phylogenetic analysis in the electronic supplementary material, appendix. The reconstruction of Homotherium serum from data in digimorph (http://www.digimorph.org/index.phtml). The photo of Machairodus aphanistus from Batallones comes from https://fossilhuntress.blogspot.com/2016/10/, the others are by the authors.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Figure 1 in Origin of adaptations to open environments and social behaviour in sabretoothed cats from the northeastern border of the Tibetan Plateau

Figure 1. (a) Cranium of Amphimachairodus hezhengensis sp. nov. HMV2041. a1, dorsal view; a2, anterior view; a3, ventral view; a4, postero-ventral view; a5, lateral view. (b) Geography of fossil locality. (c) Pathology of the MC2 and MC3 of Amphimachairodus sp. HMV2047 forepaw. (d) Large predator contemporary with A. hezhengensis in the Linxia Basin. d1, A. hezhengensis, HMV2041; d2, Dinocrocuta gigantea, HMV2044; d3, Agriotheriini ursid, HMV2046.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

AN EIGHTY-YEAR CELEBRATION FOR A STAG MA TIBETAN MAN

AN EIGHTY-YEAR CELEBRATION FOR A STAG MA TIBETAN MAN    By བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྒྱ་མཚོ། Bkra shis rgya mtsho   On Saturday, January 21, 2023,  an 80-year celebration was held for Stag ma, which was the 30th day of the 12th lunar month, 2022. From 9 AM to 2 PM, I participated in the celebration, which was held in #1, Wa shur Village, Thang mgo (Tanggu) Town, 'Ba' rdzong (Tongde) County, Mtsho lho (Hainan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mtsho sngon (Qinghai) Province, PR China.   Film length: 30 minutes, 47 seconds   Photographer, writer, editor: Bkra shis rgya mtsho བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྒྱ་མཚོ།  (Zhaxijiancuo 扎西尖措) using an iPhone 12 Pro Max.   The main character    Stag ma (Stag phrug thar) was born in 1944 in #3 Brigade Klu lung Village. When he was 18, he married Rin chen mtsho (Ri mtsho, b. 1942) and moved to #1 Brigade Wa shur Village. They had 3 children: Dga' rab rdo rje (b. 1964), Rdo rje sgrol ma (b. 1968), and Phur ba skyabs (b. 1980). Stag ma lived with his younger son's (Phur ba skyabs) family. Stag ma is my (Bkra shis rgya mtsho) maternal uncle. He was a locally famous hunter.    Eighty-year celebration   Historically and locally, there were 4 celebration parties during a person's life – a birthday party, a 3-year-old haircutting party, a wedding party, and an 80-year celebration. On the day of the last celebration, on the 1st, 3rd, or 13th day of the 1st lunar month, the celebrant gets up in the early morning, shaves, cuts their hair, washes their face, and puts on such new clothes as a blue sash, a white shirt, a white felt or fox-fur hat, a traditional lambskin or sheepskin robe, and Tibetan-style leather boots. They prepare to welcome visitors before sunrise when neighbors send New Year gifts.    Parents tell their children to ask the celebrant for good wishes and longevity blessings. Tea bricks, white silk scarves, Tibetan cakes, and rgyal bo bread are typical gifts. The 8-year-old typically exchanges a silk scarf with those bringing gifts, signifying, "I give my age to you, and may you live 100 years."   Traditionally, neighbors, close friends, sworn brothers, and close relatives attended this celebration. Historically, such celebrations were rare, but they are more commontoday, thanks to longer life spans.    Family condition Stag ma's family at the time of the celebration included Rin chen mtsho (Ri mtsho, b. 1942), Stag ma(b. 1944), Phur ba skyabs (b. 1980), daughter-in-law (Mtsho skyid yag, b.1977), grandson (Gsang bdag rdo rje, b. 1998), granddaughter (Bsod nams dbang mo, b. 2000), granddaughter (Chos mtsho yag, b.2002), and grandson ('Jam dbyangs rig pa'i rdo rje, b. 2009).    The family had 700 mu (46.9 hectares) of winter pasture, 86 mu (5.8 hectares), 20 mu (1.3 hectares) of plowed fields in the summer pasture, 220 sheep, 100 yaks, 2 horses, vehicles (Ford. a Toyota taxi, a truck), 2 豪爵magnate, a bungalow (9.9*5.9 sq.m., 19.8* 22 sq.m. yard) in Wa shur Village, a bungalow (9.9*5.9 sq.m., 19.8* 22 sq.m. yard) at Kho rgya New Village, and an 84 square meter apartment in the local 'Ba' rdzong (Tongde) New County Town.     Preparation and expenditure   A Mongolian sheepskin robe from Sog rdzong County (Henan), Rma lho (Huangnan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture for Stag ma cost 10,000 RMB.  Seven sheep carcasses (0.5 kg of mutton cost 31 RMB for a total mutton cost of ~ 13,000 RMB, 300 tea bricks at 25 RMB each (7,500 RMB), and apples, oranges, jujube, persimmons, plums, mangoes, vegetables, candies, and other items totaling ~10,000 RMB.    Twenty days before the celebration day, family members were busy preparing. Neighbors came to help fry bread, prepare dumplings and Tibetan cakes, and send oral WeChat invitations to the village WeChat group, the tribe's tantric monk groups (a son is a tantric monk), and certain relatives in other villages. Thirty-four monk and tantick monks all from the same tribe joined the party to chant from 9:30 AM to 2 PM. The host family gave each monk 100 RMB, a tea brick, and a white silk scarf. All attendees, except the monks, presented gifts of a tea brick and white scarf. An estimated 400 attendees were at the celebration. Attendees gave cash gifts ranging from 50-2,000 RMB and such items as bottles of liquor, Tibetan cakes, tea bricks, Tibetan woolen items, hand prayer wheels, and traditional scripture volumes. The total cost of the celebration was approximately 40,000 RMB. The value of the gifts was about 35,000 RMB.    Special Thanks Thanks to Stag ma son (Dga' rab rdo rje, a tantric monk, b. 1944) and grandson (Gsang bdag rdo rje, b.1998) for providing information.   Tibetan Terms   'ba' rdzong འབའ་རྫོང་། 'jam dbyangs rig pa'i rdo rje འཇམ་དབྱངས་རིག་པའི་རྡོ་རྗེ།  bkra shis rgya mtsho བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྒྱ་མཚོ།  bsod nams dbang mo བསོད་ནམས་དབང་མོ།  chos mtsho yag ཆོས་མཚོ་ཡག  dga' rab rdo rje དགའ་རབ་རྡོ་རྗེ།  gsang bdag rdo rje གསང་བདག་རྡོ་རྗེ།  kho rgya ཁོ་རྒྱ།  klu lung ཀླུ་ལུང་།  mtsho lho མཚོ་ལྷོ། mtsho skyid yag མཚོ་སྐྱིད་ཡག mtsho sngon མཚོ་སྔོན།  phur ba skyabs ཕུར་བ་སྐྱབས།  rdo rje sgrol ma རྡོ་རྗེ་སྒྲོལ་མ།  ri mtsho རི་མཚོ།  rin chen mtsho རིན་ཆེན་མཚོ། rma lho རྨ་ལྷོ།  sog rdzong སོག་རྫོང་། stag ma སྟག་མ།  stag phrug thar སྟག་ཕྲུག་ཐར།  thang mgo ཐང་མགོ།  wa shur ཝ་ཤུར།    Chinese Terms   Hainan海南 Haojue豪爵 Henan河南 Huangnan黄南 mu亩 Qinghai 青海 Tanggu唐谷 Tongde 同德 Zhaxijiancuo 扎西尖措 21 March 2023

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Traditional Tibetan Wedding

A TRADITIONAL TIBETAN WEDDING CELEBRATION    Thursday, January 28, 2021-February 10, 2022    བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྒྱ་མཚོ། Bkra shis rgya mtsho (Zhaxijiancuo 扎西尖措, photographer, writer, editor, using an iPhone 12 Pro Max)   Film length:  2 hours, 28 minutes, ??seconds (not sure yet)   Part-One   This documentary focuses on a traditional wedding celebration in a herding family at 35 °9'45" latitude, 100°26'22" longitude, 3,351 MASL in #3 Brigade, Hwo thog sum dbrag Valley, Klu lung Village, Thang mgo (Tanggu) Town, 'Ba' rdzong (Tongde) County, Mtsho lho (Hainan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mtsho sngon (Qinghai) Province, PR China.    I participated throughout the 14-day celebration.    On the 5th day of the first lunar month, 2022, a celebration was held for the groom, Bdud mgon skyabs, and the bride, Choe bzang sgrol ma.    In the early 2020s, most locals held weddings in 'Ba' rdzong County Town restaurants. However, some families divided into two groups. One group held a wedding celebration at home in the traditional way, and the other held a wedding celebration in a restaurant. This family held wedding celebrations at home.                                                                        Main Characters  Bdud mgon skyabs (b. 1995) in Klu lung Village. In 2019, he graduated from Mtsho sngon Normal University and taught Tibetan at 'Od gsal Tibetan Primary School, 'Od gsal Township, Dar legs County, Mgo log Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.    Choe bzang sgrol ma (b.1996) Dung dkar Village, Tang mgo Town graduated in 2018 from Mtsho sngon Normal University and taught mathematics at 'Ba' rdzong Boarding Primary School, 'Ba' rdzong County Town.    Family Members Bdud mgon skyabs is my maternal cousin. His family has ten members: his father (Smin grol, Ngag dbang smin grol, b.1965), mother (Skal khao, Skal bzang sgrol ma, b. 1970), uncle (Blo bzang tshul khrims, b. 1971, a Bde chen Monastery monk), older brother (Blo bzang dpal ldan (b. 1992), sister-in-law (Bsod nams sgrol ma (b. 1992, from Rgya bo Village, Tang mgo Town), younger sister (Ye shes mtsho (b. 1996, graduated from Mtsho sngon Qaidam (Chaidamu) Vocational and Technical College in 2019), nephew (Yum skyabs rgyal, b. 2016), and Tshe dpal mkhar (b. 2018).    Family Conditions The family has 370 mu (24.66 hectares) of winter pasture, 17 mu (1.13 hectares) of summer pasture, 14 mu(hectares 0.93) of farmland, 80 yaks, 100 sheep, a black goat, a brown dog, a black cat, vehicles (Rongwie 360, Lifan 330), 2 motorcycles (Qianjang, Wuyangbentian), a 3-wheel agriculture vehicle, a walking tractor crusher, two greenhouses (108m2 and 82m2), a 132m2 flat on the winter pasture, and a bungalow (9.9*5.9m2, 19.8* 22m2 yard), and an 84m2 apartment in 'Ba' rdzong New County Town.   Preparation and expenditure  Months before the wedding celebrations, a local tailor was located and asked to sew traditional garments such as lambskin robes for the new couples. Ornaments, for example, a 60g gold necklace, a coral necklace, a pair of 9g gold earrings, a gold finger ring, a silver milk bucket holder, a teardrop-shaped silver panel, and a hair-ornament were bought for the bride in the local County Town market for approximately 47,000 RMB and paid by the groom’s family.   After preparations, the groom's father and one of his cousins brought items for the bride, including a lambskin robe, a cloth robe, a hat, and ornaments. Because of local community rules, these items and did not exceed 3,013 RMB cash (the brideprice), 13 bottles of liquor, three large pieces of silk/cloth (the size of a traditional Tibetan robe), and a white silk scarf.  Other expenses:  Mutton 3,550 Plates 1,215RMB Tables 1,600 RMB Beverages (alcohol, non-alcoholic drinks, red wine) 5,065 RMB,  Fruit 380 RMB  Granulated sugar 120 RMB Vegetables and noodles 150 RMB Metal stove 1,360 RMB Coal 140 RMB -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 13,580 RMB     January 28, 2021, neighbors and relatives came to help, including Tshe ring sgrol ma, TA re, Phag mo, Bde skyid 'tsho, Sgrol ma yag, Chos thar rgyal, Lha snang rgyal, Nyi ma lha mo, 'Bum phyug skyid, Dbang kho, Tshul rnam, and Rta kho. They chopped 50 kg of meat to make boiled dumplings and steamed stuffed buns. Family members were busy making red bread, Tibetan cakes, and boiling mutton for displays on tables in front of guests. Blo bzang dpal ldan was busy with other men operating the 3-wheeler to borrow tea tables, carpets, seat cushions, chairs, plates, and white fabric tents from neighbors.   Participants in the wedding celebrations included representatives from 199 households (255 people). 113 households from the local village sent representatives, Klu lung Village 86 households from different villages,including Rgya bo, Dang po, Ho thog, Wa shur, Tho si, Rde'u dkar, Gle ba, the groom's classmates, and 16 households sent gifts of red packet money through WeChat.   Attendees gave cash gifts ranging from 50-1,500 RMB and such items as bottles of liquor, Tibetan cakes, boxes of biscuits, Tibetan wool items, and white silk scarves. The total cost of the celebration was approximately 63,580 RMB. The value of the gifts was about 31,250 RMB.   Part-Two   Wedding Celebrations  There are two types of local marriage patterns: arrangement and romantic marriage. In the past, most children followed their parents' marriage arrangements. Parents thus had a significant obligation to choose suitable spouses for their children, particularly the bride for their son, and hold auspicious wedding celebrations showcasing the family's position in the community. Parents considered their children's marriage before the age of fifteen. Important concerns in choosing their children's spouses included pure bones (no body odor) and family protector deity (between different tribes, offerings to different protector deities were thought to bring misfortune). The last taboo concerns the harmony of zodiac animals. Therefore, according to traditional divination: the following pairs conflict, tiger-monkey, hare-rooster, dragon-dog, snake-pig, horse-rat, and sheep-cow. The harmonious pairs included pig-sheep-hare, dog-horse-tiger, rooster-cow-snake, and rat-dragon-monkey.  On the wedding day, a woman was chosen to offer tea in front of the bride at the yak enclosure, and another woman took the bride’s horse reins.The contemporary version of this is a woman who touched the bride's hat and tied a white-silk scarf to the driver's side car mirror of the car  with the bride). This woman was chosen according to the zodiac animal concerns mentioned above.  Parents investigated the background of the bride's family and chose an eloquent matchmaker from their relatives or community to ask the bride's parents and their elder relatives if they agreed to their child's marriage. Both sides consulted local religious leaders to divine or astrologers to examine zodiac-animal compatibility.    On the wedding day, relatives participated in congratulating the new couple. Meanwhile, relatives pitched a new black yak hair tent for the couple, collected items, especially furniture, and gave the new couple yaks, sheep, and horses.   Recently, most marriage partners have chosen free-choice marriage. On this wedding day in the early morning, after chanting the ritual of family deities to expel misfortune by the family ritual specialist, Rang gsal, the groom and 3 escorts visited the bride's home and soon returned. The bride, with 14 escorts, then came to the groom's home. A singer sang a traditional song to welcome the bride and escorts. After several minutes, the escorts and the groom's side women engaged in several rounds of antiphonal singing. When escorts were ready to leave, the family host gave each 200 RMB in cash and a white silk scarf.    Part-Three   After the wedding   After the wedding celebration, family members and some neighbors busily returned items borrowed from neighbors. On February 10, 2022, four escorts (including the bride's father and the bride) brought the dowry to her family and relatives, who gave her such items as lambskin robes, sheepskin robes, Tibetan wool robes, 2 cloth robes, 3 sashes, 3 traditional shirts, a 2g gold necklace, gold earrings, a 3g gold ring, silver necklace, diamond necklace, and shoes. The bride's clothes were put on a line in the enclosure to display to neighbors and participants. The bride's gifts such as fruit, Tibetan cakes, and biscuits were divided among participants.   The bride's father offered liquor three times to the air. He praised all deities in his family and said, "I’m so glad our children do not choose external spouses - particularly different religious believers. At contemporary schools, some children choose to marry partners from different ethnicities. I have nothing to say about my daughter’s choice. I definitely agree with this wedding.”   Since this day, neighbors and relatives invited the bride to their home and gave presents. Most families gave 100-300 RMB. According to local custom, the neighbors and relatives first invited the bride. Afterward, she could visit their families randomly.   Acknowledgment My cousins, Blo bzang dpal ldan and Bdud mgon skybs, and my maternal uncle (Smin grol) provided information that helped complete this document.      Tibetan Terms   'ba' rdzong འབའ་རྫོང་།  'bum phyug skyid འབུམ་ཕྱུག་སྐྱིད།  'od gsal འོད་གསལ།  bde chen བདེ་ཆེན།  bde skyid 'tsho བདེ་སྐྱིད་མཚོ།  bdud mgon skyabs བདུད་མགོན་སྐྱབས།  bkra shis rgya mtsho བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྒྱ་མཚོ། blo bzang dpal ldan བློ་བཟང་དཔལ་ལྡན།  blo bzang tshul khrims བློ་བཟང་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས།  bsod nams sgrol ma བསོད་ནམས་སྒྲོལ་མ།  choe bzang sgrol ma ཆོས་བཟང་སྒྲོལ་མ།  chos thar rgyal ཆོས་ཐར་རྒྱལ།  dang po དང་པོ། dar legs དར་ལགས།  dbang kho དབང་ཁོ།  dung dkar དུང་དཀར།  gle ba གླེ་བ། ho thog ཧོ་ཐོག hwo thog sum dbrag ཧོ་ཐོག་སུམ་དབྲག klu lung ཀླུ་ལུང་།  lha snang rgyal ལྷ་སྣང་རྒྱལ།  mgo log མགོ་ལོག   mtsho lho མཚོ་ལྷོ།  mtsho sngon མཚོ་སྔོན།  ngag dbang smin grol ངག་དབང་སྨིན་གྲོལ།  nyi ma lha mo ཉི་མ་ལྷ་མོ།  phag mo ཕག་མོ།  rang gsal རང་གསལ།  rde'u dkar རྡེའུ་དཀར། rdo mo རྡོ་མོ།  rgya bo རྒྱ་བོ། rta kho རྟ་ཁོ།  sgrol ma yag སྒྲོལ་མ་ཡག  skal bzang sgrol ma སྐལ་བཟང་སྒྲོལ་མ།  skal khao སྐལ་ཁོ།  smin grol སྨིན་གྲོལ།  tA re ཏཱ་རེ།  thang mgo ཐང་མགོ།  tho si ཐོ་སི། tshe dpal mkhar ཚེ་དཔལ་མཁར།  tshe ring sgrol ma ཚེ་རིང་སྒྲོལ་མ།  tshul rnam ཚུལ་རྣམ།  wa shur ཝ་ཤུར། ye shes mtsho ཡེ་ཤེས་མཚོ།  yum skyabs rgyal ཡུམ་སྐྱབས་རྒྱལ།    Chinese Terms   Chaidamu 柴达木 Hainan 海南 Lifan 力凡 Qianjang 钱江 Qinghai 青海 Rongwie 荣威 Tanggu 塘谷 Tongde 同德 Wuyangbentian 五羊本田 Zhaxijiancuo 扎西尖措   5 July 2023

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Contribution of the Altyn Tagh Fault to tectonic deformation within the Qilian Shan, northern Tibetan Plateau: Implications from the electrical anisotropic structure

The dataset contains five folders. They are ‘MT’, ‘aniinv’, ‘isoinv’, ‘sensitivity_test’, ‘syn_mod_test’, respectively. The ‘MT’ folder includes the observed impedances for each MT site. In the ‘aniinv’ folder, there are three sub-folders include ‘azimu_ani_inv’, ‘gener_ani_inv’, ‘verti_ani_inv’, indicating the inversion results for azimuthal, general, and vertical anisotropic inversions, respectively. The ‘isoinv’ folder contains results for isotropic inversion. The ‘sensitivity_test’ folder contains modified models and their responses for sensitivity tests of anomalies. The ‘syn_mod_test’ folder contains a synthetic model constructed according the final model, the responses of this model, and the recovering for this model. In each folder, there is a ‘readme.txt’ file describing the details of individual files. The 'Software Availability.txt' file illustrates that the software used in 3D anisotropic inversion is available to academic community.