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opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

DoubleChEC program to identify transcription factor binding sites from mapped ChEC-seq data

ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing) is commonly used to identify genome-wide protein-DNA interactions. However, ChIP-seq often gives a low yield, which is not ideal for quantitative outcomes. An alternative method to ChIP-seq is ChEC-seq (Chromatin endogenous cleavage with high-throughput sequencing). In this method, the endogenous TF (transcription factor) of interest is fused with MNase (micrococcal nuclease) that non-specifically cleaves DNA near binding sites. Compared to the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms9733" rel="nofollow">original ChEC-seq method</a>, the <a href="https://sites.northwestern.edu/bricknerlab/" rel="nofollow">modified version</a> requires far less amplification. Since <a href="https://github.com/macs3-project/MACS/tree/master#introduction">MACS3</a> failed to identify peaks in data generated from the modified ChEC-seq method, a new peak finder has been developed specifically for it. There are three functions in the <code>peak_finder/</code>. <code>callpeaks()</code> is used to identify peaks from BAM files. <code>goanalysis()</code> is used to make GO (Gene Ontology) term plots from peaks. <code>bedtomeme()</code> is a wrapper function to perform <a href="https://meme-suite.org/meme/tools/meme" rel="nofollow">MEME analysis</a> in R after <a href="https://meme-suite.org/meme/doc/download.html" rel="nofollow">MEME Suite</a> is installed locally.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Transcriptional determinants of lipid mobilization in human adipocytes

Defects in adipocyte lipolysis drive multiple aspects of cardiometabolic disease but the transcriptional framework controlling this process has not been established. To address this, we performed a targeted perturbation screen in primary human adipocytes. Our analyses identified 37 transcriptional regulators of lipid mobilization, which we classified as: i) transcription factors, ii) histone chaperones, and iii) mRNA processing proteins. Based on its strong relationship with multiple readouts of lipolysis in patient samples, we performed mechanistic studies on one hit, ZNF189, which encodes the Zinc Finger Protein 189. Using mass-spectrometry and chromatin profiling techniques, we show that ZNF189 interacts with the tripartite motif family member TRIM28 and represses the transcription of an adipocyte-specific isoform of Phosphodiesterase 1B (PDE1B2). The regulation of lipid mobilization by ZNF189 requires PDE1B2 and overexpression of PDE1B2 is sufficient to attenuate hormone-stimulated lipolysis. Thus, our work identifies the ZNF189-PDE1B2 axis as a determinant of human adipocyte lipolysis and highlights a link between chromatin architecture and lipid mobilization.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Data from: Deep mutational scanning of HBV reveals a mechanism for cis preferential reverse transcription

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small double-stranded DNA virus that chronically infects 296 million people. Over half of its compact genome encodes protein in two overlapping reading frames, and during evolution, multiple selective pressures can act on shared nucleotides. This study combines an RNA-based HBV cell culture system with deep mutational scanning to uncouple cis- and trans-acting sequence requirements in the HBV genome. The results support a leaky ribosome scanning model for polymerase translation, provide a fitness map of the HBV polymerase at single nucleotide resolution, and identify conserved prolines adjacent to the HBV polymerase termination codon that stall ribosomes. Further experiments indicated that stalled ribosomes tether the nascent polymerase to its template RNA, ensuring cis-preferential RNA packaging and reverse transcription of the HBV genome.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Extracting Biomedical Entities from Noisy Audio Transcripts--Dataset

SUMMARY: This repo contains the CADEC and Synthetic BTACT datasets that were used for the paper titled "Extracting Biomedical Entities from Noisy Audio Transcripts." The dataset includes two sets: i) CADEC (Karimi et al., 2015) and ii) Synthetic BTACT. CADEC is a well-known NER dataset used to identify adverse drug reactions based on what patients have written about their experiences. Synthetic BTACT is the data that we have made up. It is created based on questions similar to those in the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT)(Tun et al., 2006). CADEC includes two sets of audio files; one is read from the original CADEC, and the other one is with additional audio noise. It also includes the original CADEC scripts, annotations, and the transcripts of the noisy audio. The transcripts are generated using Whisper. The annotations encompass named entities, their types, and string indexes of their occurrence in the text. Annotations also include "AnnotatorNotes" which explains some of the annotations. The synthetic BTACT data include two types: i) animals and ii) fruits. Similar to CADEC, it includes two sets of audio files: one that is read from the original scripts and another one with additional audio noise.  The text files include the original scripts, annotations, and the Whisper-transcribed of the noisy audio files. The annotations include indexes of named entities, their string indices and types. REFERENCES: Karimi, S., Metke-Jimenez, A., Kemp, M., & Wang, C. (2015). Cadec: A corpus of adverse drug event annotations. Journal of biomedical informatics, 55, 73-81. Tun, P. A., & Lachman, M. E. (2006). Telephone assessment of cognitive function in adulthood: the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone. Age and Ageing, 35(6), 629-632. DETAILS: Data_1: CADEC (1250 TextFiles, 1000 Audio, types=5):     General Categories and Counts     ADR (Adverse Drug Reactions): 5316     DRUG: 1797     FINDING: 397     DISEASE: 280     SYMPTOM: 255     Specific Items (Drugs) and Counts     Arthrotec: 145     cambia: 4     cataflam: 10     diclofenac-potassium: 3     diclofenac-sodium: 7     flector: 1     Lipitor: 997     Pennsaid: 4     solarez: 3     voltaren: 46     voltaren-rx: 22     zipsor: 5 Data_2: Synthetic BTACT (500 Fruits, 500 Animals, types=2) >> Audios can be matched with annotations, scripts and transcripts using their filenames.  --- audio [original&noisy]:     1. cadec         1.1 cadec original         1.2 cadec noisy     2. synthetic btact         2.1 btact original             2.1.1 fruits                 fruit-script[0:500].mp3             2.1.2 animals                 script-[0:500].mp3         2.2 btact noisy             2.2.1 fruits                 fruit-script[0:500].mp3             2.2.2 animals                 script-[0:500].mp3 text[scripts, annotations, transcripts]:     1. cadec         1.1 scripts [1,250]         1.2 annotations [1,250] (index/AnnotatorsNote, type, indices, named-entities)         1.3 transcripts [1,000]     2. synthetic btact         2.1 animals             2.1 scripts (original scripts)                 script-[0:500].txt             2.2 annotations                 script-[0:500].ann (index, type, start/end indices, named entity)             2.3 transcripts                 script-[0:500].txt         2.2. fruits             2.1 scripts (original scripts)                 script-[0:500].txt             2.2 annotations                 script-[0:500].ann (index, type, start/end indices, named entity)             2.3 transcripts                 fruit-script-[0:500].txt   CITATION: Ebadi, N., Morgan, K., Tan, A., Linares, B., Osborn, S., Majors, E., Davis, J., & Rios, A. (2024). Extracting biomedical entities from noisy audio transcripts. In Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024).

Ditrect STORM imaging and image reconstruction of the transcription initiation marker P-S5 and nuclear PI(4,5)P2 indirectly immunolabeled with AF647 (red) and AF555 (green) in control cells.

U-2 OS cells were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS at 37°C and 5% CO2. Cells were plated one day before staining in ~50% confluence on the high-precision 12 mm round coverslips treated with Hellmanex, sonicated, washed, dried and sterilized. Cells were control treated with 1:000 DMSO in the culture media. U2OS cells were washed twice with PBS (pH 7.4) and fixed for 30 min in 2% PFA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min with PBS, then permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 min, washed 3-times for 5 min by PBS and blocked in filtered 5% BSA in PBS for 30 min. Cells were incubated for 45 min with rabbit polyclonal IgG anti-RNAPII CTD P-S5 (Abcam ab5131) 3 µg/mL and mouse ascites IgM anti-PI(4,5)P2 2C11 (Z-A045; Echelon Biosci. Inc., USA) 5 µg/mL  in 5% BSA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS and incubated for 30 min with goat anti-mouse IgM (µ-chain) AF555 (Jackson ImmunoRes. A24126) 10 µg/mL; goat anti-rabbit IgG AF647 (Invitrogen A21245) 10 µg/mL diluted in 5% BSA in PBS. Then the cells were washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS, post-fixed for 15 min in 2% PFA in PBS and washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS. All procedures were performed at RT and the cells were stored in PBS in the fridge overnight prior imaging. Coverslips with cells were mounted in the Chamlide chamber (Live Cell Instrument, Korea) and covered with imaging buffer (PBS pH 7.4, 50 mM MEA). Single-molecule localizations (SMLs) data were acquired by Zeiss Elyra PS.1 equipped with HR Diode 642-150 and HR DPSS 561-200 lasers, Alpha Plan-Apochromat 100x/1.46 oil DIC M27 Elyra objective and Andor EM CCD iXon DU 897 camera and Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software (Zeiss). AF647 and AF555 photo-switching was achieved by HiLo illumination and TIRF HP FOV with 100% power of 642nm or 561nm laser, and the signal was acquired via MBS 642 + EF LP 655 and MBS 561 + EF BP 570-620 / LP 750 filters, respectively. Exposure time was 40 ms and EM gain was 300 for both channels. SMLs were calculated in 2D by Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software using x,y 2D Gauss fit with point spread function (PSF) half width 177.9 nm, peak mask size 9 pixels and peak intensity to noise 6 and accounted for overlap in 2D with max cluster size 10. SMLs were rendered in ZEN software with 10 nm/px resolution and 1x PSF expansion factor. The data were model-based drift corrected in ZEN. Two channels were aligned using tetraspec beads fiducial markers for affine calibration. Drift-corrected and aligned localization coordinates were exported as text files. Text files were converted into csv files and imported using self-written macro (Hoboth et al., 2021a) into the ImageJ2 (Rueden et al., 2017) plug-in ThunderSTORM, visualized by normalized Gaussian method (Ovesny et al., 2014).

Ditrect STORM imaging and image reconstruction of the transcription elongation marker P-S2 and nuclear PI(3,4)P2 indirectly immunolabeled with AF647 (red) and AF555 (green) in THZ1 treated cells.

U-2 OS cells were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS at 37°C and 5% CO2. Cells were plated one day before staining in ~50% confluence on the high-precision 12 mm round coverslips treated with Hellmanex, sonicated, washed, dried and sterilized. Cells were treated for 3h with 1 µM THZ1 (MedChem HY80013) added to the culture media. U2OS cells were washed twice with PBS (pH 7.4) and fixed for 30 min in 2% PFA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min with PBS, then permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 min, washed 3-times for 5 min by PBS and blocked in filtered 5% BSA in PBS for 30 min. Cells were incubated for 45 min with rabbit polyclonal IgG anti-RNAPII CTD P-S2 (Abcam ab5095) 3 µg/mL and mouse monoclonal IgG2 anti-PI(3,4)P2 (Z-P034; Echelon Biosci. Inc., USA) 5 µg/mL  in 5% BSA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS and incubated for 30 min with donkey anti-mouse IgG AF555 (Invitrogen A31570) 10 µg/mL and goat anti-rabbit IgG AF647 (Invitrogen A21245) 10 µg/mL diluted in 5% BSA in PBS. Then the cells were washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS, post-fixed for 15 min in 2% PFA in PBS and washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS. All procedures were performed at RT and the cells were stored in PBS in the fridge overnight prior imaging. Coverslips with cells were mounted in the Chamlide chamber (Live Cell Instrument, Korea) and covered with imaging buffer (PBS pH 7.4, 50 mM MEA). Single-molecule localizations (SMLs) data were acquired by Zeiss Elyra PS.1 equipped with HR Diode 642-150 and HR DPSS 561-200 lasers, Alpha Plan-Apochromat 100x/1.46 oil DIC M27 Elyra objective and Andor EM CCD iXon DU 897 camera and Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software (Zeiss). AF647 and AF555 photo-switching was achieved by HiLo illumination and TIRF HP FOV with 100% power of 642nm or 561nm laser, and the signal was acquired via MBS 642 + EF LP 655 and MBS 561 + EF BP 570-620 / LP 750 filters, respectively. Exposure time was 40 ms and EM gain was 300 for both channels. SMLs were calculated in 2D by Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software using x,y 2D Gauss fit with point spread function (PSF) half width 177.9 nm, peak mask size 9 pixels and peak intensity to noise 6 and accounted for overlap in 2D with max cluster size 10. SMLs were rendered in ZEN software with 10 nm/px resolution and 1x PSF expansion factor. The data were model-based drift corrected in ZEN. Two channels were aligned using tetraspec beads fiducial markers for affine calibration. Drift-corrected and aligned localization coordinates were exported as text files. Text files were converted into csv files and imported using self-written macro (Hoboth et al., 2021a) into the ImageJ2 (Rueden et al., 2017) plug-in ThunderSTORM, visualized by normalized Gaussian method (Ovesny et al., 2014).

Ditrect STORM imaging and image reconstruction of the transcription elongation marker P-S2 and nuclear PI(3,4)P2 indirectly immunolabeled with AF647 (red) and AF555 (green) in control cells.

U-2 OS cells were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS at 37°C and 5% CO2. Cells were plated one day before staining in ~50% confluence on the high-precision 12 mm round coverslips treated with Hellmanex, sonicated, washed, dried and sterilized. Cells were control treated with 1:000 DMSO in the culture media. U2OS cells were washed twice with PBS (pH 7.4) and fixed for 30 min in 2% PFA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min with PBS, then permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 min, washed 3-times for 5 min by PBS and blocked in filtered 5% BSA in PBS for 30 min. Cells were incubated for 45 min with rabbit polyclonal IgG anti-RNAPII CTD P-S2 (Abcam ab5095) 3 µg/mL and mouse monoclonal IgG2 anti-PI(3,4)P2 (Z-P034; Echelon Biosci. Inc., USA) 5 µg/mL  in 5% BSA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS and incubated for 30 min with donkey anti-mouse IgG AF555 (Invitrogen A31570) 10 µg/mL and goat anti-rabbit IgG AF647 (Invitrogen A21245) 10 µg/mL diluted in 5% BSA in PBS. Then the cells were washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS, post-fixed for 15 min in 2% PFA in PBS and washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS. All procedures were performed at RT and the cells were stored in PBS in the fridge overnight prior imaging. Coverslips with cells were mounted in the Chamlide chamber (Live Cell Instrument, Korea) and covered with imaging buffer (PBS pH 7.4, 50 mM MEA). Single-molecule localizations (SMLs) data were acquired by Zeiss Elyra PS.1 equipped with HR Diode 642-150 and HR DPSS 561-200 lasers, Alpha Plan-Apochromat 100x/1.46 oil DIC M27 Elyra objective and Andor EM CCD iXon DU 897 camera and Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software (Zeiss). AF647 and AF555 photo-switching was achieved by HiLo illumination and TIRF HP FOV with 100% power of 642nm or 561nm laser, and the signal was acquired via MBS 642 + EF LP 655 and MBS 561 + EF BP 570-620 / LP 750 filters, respectively. Exposure time was 40 ms and EM gain was 300 for both channels. SMLs were calculated in 2D by Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software using x,y 2D Gauss fit with point spread function (PSF) half width 177.9 nm, peak mask size 9 pixels and peak intensity to noise 6 and accounted for overlap in 2D with max cluster size 10. SMLs were rendered in ZEN software with 10 nm/px resolution and 1x PSF expansion factor. The data were model-based drift corrected in ZEN. Two channels were aligned using tetraspec beads fiducial markers for affine calibration. Drift-corrected and aligned localization coordinates were exported as text files. Text files were converted into csv files and imported using self-written macro (Hoboth et al., 2021a) into the ImageJ2 (Rueden et al., 2017) plug-in ThunderSTORM, visualized by normalized Gaussian method (Ovesny et al., 2014).

Ditrect STORM imaging and image reconstruction of the transcription initiation marker P-S2 and nuclear PI(3,4)P2 indirectly immunolabeled with AF647 (red) and AF555 (green) in DRB treated cells.

U-2 OS cells were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS at 37°C and 5% CO2. Cells were plated one day before staining in ~50% confluence on the high-precision 12 mm round coverslips treated with Hellmanex, sonicated, washed, dried and sterilized. Cells were treated for 2h with 100 µM DRB (Sigma D1916) added to the cell culture media. U2OS cells were washed twice with PBS (pH 7.4) and fixed for 30 min in 2% PFA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min with PBS, then permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 min, washed 3-times for 5 min by PBS and blocked in filtered 5% BSA in PBS for 30 min. Cells were incubated for 45 min with rabbit polyclonal IgG anti-RNAPII CTD P-S2 (Abcam ab5095) 3 µg/mL and mouse monoclonal IgG2 anti-PI(3,4)P2 (Z-P034; Echelon Biosci. Inc., USA) 5 µg/mL  in 5% BSA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS and incubated for 30 min with donkey anti-mouse IgG AF555 (Invitrogen A31570) 10 µg/mL and goat anti-rabbit IgG AF647 (Invitrogen A21245) 10 µg/mL diluted in 5% BSA in PBS. Then the cells were washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS, post-fixed for 15 min in 2% PFA in PBS and washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS. All procedures were performed at RT and the cells were stored in PBS in the fridge overnight prior imaging. Coverslips with cells were mounted in the Chamlide chamber (Live Cell Instrument, Korea) and covered with imaging buffer (PBS pH 7.4, 50 mM MEA). Single-molecule localizations (SMLs) data were acquired by Zeiss Elyra PS.1 equipped with HR Diode 642-150 and HR DPSS 561-200 lasers, Alpha Plan-Apochromat 100x/1.46 oil DIC M27 Elyra objective and Andor EM CCD iXon DU 897 camera and Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software (Zeiss). AF647 and AF555 photo-switching was achieved by HiLo illumination and TIRF HP FOV with 100% power of 642nm or 561nm laser, and the signal was acquired via MBS 642 + EF LP 655 and MBS 561 + EF BP 570-620 / LP 750 filters, respectively. Exposure time was 40 ms and EM gain was 300 for both channels. SMLs were calculated in 2D by Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software using x,y 2D Gauss fit with point spread function (PSF) half width 177.9 nm, peak mask size 9 pixels and peak intensity to noise 6 and accounted for overlap in 2D with max cluster size 10. SMLs were rendered in ZEN software with 10 nm/px resolution and 1x PSF expansion factor. The data were model-based drift corrected in ZEN. Two channels were aligned using tetraspec beads fiducial markers for affine calibration. Drift-corrected and aligned localization coordinates were exported as text files. Text files were converted into csv files and imported using self-written macro (Hoboth et al., 2021a) into the ImageJ2 (Rueden et al., 2017) plug-in ThunderSTORM, visualized by normalized Gaussian method (Ovesny et al., 2014).

Ditrect STORM imaging and image reconstruction of the transcription initiation marker P-S5 and nuclear PI(4,5)P2 indirectly immunolabeled with AF647 (red) and AF555 (green) in THZ1 treated cells.

U-2 OS cells were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS at 37°C and 5% CO2. Cells were plated one day before staining in ~50% confluence on the high-precision 12 mm round coverslips treated with Hellmanex, sonicated, washed, dried and sterilized. Cells were treated for 3h with 1 µM THZ1 (MedChem HY80013) added to the culture media. U2OS cells were washed twice with PBS (pH 7.4) and fixed for 30 min in 2% PFA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min with PBS, then permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 min, washed 3-times for 5 min by PBS and blocked in filtered 5% BSA in PBS for 30 min. Cells were incubated for 45 min with rabbit polyclonal IgG anti-RNAPII CTD P-S5 (Abcam ab5131) 3 µg/mL and mouse ascites IgM anti-PI(4,5)P2 2C11 (Z-A045; Echelon Biosci. Inc., USA) 5 µg/mL  in 5% BSA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS and incubated for 30 min with goat anti-mouse IgM (µ-chain) AF555 (Jackson ImmunoRes. A24126) 10 µg/mL; goat anti-rabbit IgG AF647 (Invitrogen A21245) 10 µg/mL diluted in 5% BSA in PBS. Then the cells were washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS, post-fixed for 15 min in 2% PFA in PBS and washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS. All procedures were performed at RT and the cells were stored in PBS in the fridge overnight prior imaging. Coverslips with cells were mounted in the Chamlide chamber (Live Cell Instrument, Korea) and covered with imaging buffer (PBS pH 7.4, 50 mM MEA). Single-molecule localizations (SMLs) data were acquired by Zeiss Elyra PS.1 equipped with HR Diode 642-150 and HR DPSS 561-200 lasers, Alpha Plan-Apochromat 100x/1.46 oil DIC M27 Elyra objective and Andor EM CCD iXon DU 897 camera and Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software (Zeiss). AF647 and AF555 photo-switching was achieved by HiLo illumination and TIRF HP FOV with 100% power of 642nm or 561nm laser, and the signal was acquired via MBS 642 + EF LP 655 and MBS 561 + EF BP 570-620 / LP 750 filters, respectively. Exposure time was 40 ms and EM gain was 300 for both channels. SMLs were calculated in 2D by Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software using x,y 2D Gauss fit with point spread function (PSF) half width 177.9 nm, peak mask size 9 pixels and peak intensity to noise 6 and accounted for overlap in 2D with max cluster size 10. SMLs were rendered in ZEN software with 10 nm/px resolution and 1x PSF expansion factor. The data were model-based drift corrected in ZEN. Two channels were aligned using tetraspec beads fiducial markers for affine calibration. Drift-corrected and aligned localization coordinates were exported as text files. Text files were converted into csv files and imported using self-written macro (Hoboth et al., 2021a) into the ImageJ2 (Rueden et al., 2017) plug-in ThunderSTORM, visualized by normalized Gaussian method (Ovesny et al., 2014).

Ditrect STORM imaging and image reconstruction of the transcription initiation marker P-S5 and nuclear PI(3,4)P2 indirectly immunolabeled with AF647 (red) and AF555 (green) in THZ1 treated cells.

U-2 OS cells were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS at 37°C and 5% CO2. Cells were plated one day before staining in ~50% confluence on the high-precision 12 mm round coverslips treated with Hellmanex, sonicated, washed, dried and sterilized. Cells were treated for 3h with 1 µM THZ1 (MedChem HY80013) added to the culture media. U2OS cells were washed twice with PBS (pH 7.4) and fixed for 30 min in 2% PFA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min with PBS, then permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 min, washed 3-times for 5 min by PBS and blocked in filtered 5% BSA in PBS for 30 min. Cells were incubated for 45 min with rabbit polyclonal IgG anti-RNAPII CTD P-S5 (Abcam ab5131) 3 µg/mL and mouse monoclonal IgG2 anti-PI(3,4)P2 (Z-P034; Echelon Biosci. Inc., USA) 5 µg/mL  in 5% BSA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS and incubated for 30 min with donkey anti-mouse IgG AF555 (Invitrogen A31570) 10 µg/mL and goat anti-rabbit IgG AF647 (Invitrogen A21245) 10 µg/mL diluted in 5% BSA in PBS. Then the cells were washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS, post-fixed for 15 min in 2% PFA in PBS and washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS. All procedures were performed at RT and the cells were stored in PBS in the fridge overnight prior imaging. Coverslips with cells were mounted in the Chamlide chamber (Live Cell Instrument, Korea) and covered with imaging buffer (PBS pH 7.4, 50 mM MEA). Single-molecule localizations (SMLs) data were acquired by Zeiss Elyra PS.1 equipped with HR Diode 642-150 and HR DPSS 561-200 lasers, Alpha Plan-Apochromat 100x/1.46 oil DIC M27 Elyra objective and Andor EM CCD iXon DU 897 camera and Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software (Zeiss). AF647 and AF555 photo-switching was achieved by HiLo illumination and TIRF HP FOV with 100% power of 642nm or 561nm laser, and the signal was acquired via MBS 642 + EF LP 655 and MBS 561 + EF BP 570-620 / LP 750 filters, respectively. Exposure time was 40 ms and EM gain was 300 for both channels. SMLs were calculated in 2D by Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software using x,y 2D Gauss fit with point spread function (PSF) half width 177.9 nm, peak mask size 9 pixels and peak intensity to noise 6 and accounted for overlap in 2D with max cluster size 10. SMLs were rendered in ZEN software with 10 nm/px resolution and 1x PSF expansion factor. The data were model-based drift corrected in ZEN. Two channels were aligned using tetraspec beads fiducial markers for affine calibration. Drift-corrected and aligned localization coordinates were exported as text files. Text files were converted into csv files and imported using self-written macro (Hoboth et al., 2021a) into the ImageJ2 (Rueden et al., 2017) plug-in ThunderSTORM, visualized by normalized Gaussian method (Ovesny et al., 2014).

Ditrect STORM imaging and image reconstruction of the transcription initiation marker P-S5 and nuclear PI(3,4)P2 indirectly immunolabeled with AF647 (red) and AF555 (green) in DRB treated cells.

U-2 OS cells were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS at 37°C and 5% CO2. Cells were plated one day before staining in ~50% confluence on the high-precision 12 mm round coverslips treated with Hellmanex, sonicated, washed, dried and sterilized. Cells were treated for 2h with 100 µM DRB (Sigma D1916) added to the cell culture media. U2OS cells were washed twice with PBS (pH 7.4) and fixed for 30 min in 2% PFA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min with PBS, then permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 min, washed 3-times for 5 min by PBS and blocked in filtered 5% BSA in PBS for 30 min. Cells were incubated for 45 min with rabbit polyclonal IgG anti-RNAPII CTD P-S5 (Abcam ab5131) 3 µg/mL and mouse monoclonal IgG2 anti-PI(3,4)P2 (Z-P034; Echelon Biosci. Inc., USA) 5 µg/mL  in 5% BSA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS and incubated for 30 min with donkey anti-mouse IgG AF555 (Invitrogen A31570) 10 µg/mL and goat anti-rabbit IgG AF647 (Invitrogen A21245) 10 µg/mL diluted in 5% BSA in PBS. Then the cells were washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS, post-fixed for 15 min in 2% PFA in PBS and washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS. All procedures were performed at RT and the cells were stored in PBS in the fridge overnight prior imaging. Coverslips with cells were mounted in the Chamlide chamber (Live Cell Instrument, Korea) and covered with imaging buffer (PBS pH 7.4, 50 mM MEA). Single-molecule localizations (SMLs) data were acquired by Zeiss Elyra PS.1 equipped with HR Diode 642-150 and HR DPSS 561-200 lasers, Alpha Plan-Apochromat 100x/1.46 oil DIC M27 Elyra objective and Andor EM CCD iXon DU 897 camera and Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software (Zeiss). AF647 and AF555 photo-switching was achieved by HiLo illumination and TIRF HP FOV with 100% power of 642nm or 561nm laser, and the signal was acquired via MBS 642 + EF LP 655 and MBS 561 + EF BP 570-620 / LP 750 filters, respectively. Exposure time was 40 ms and EM gain was 300 for both channels. SMLs were calculated in 2D by Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software using x,y 2D Gauss fit with point spread function (PSF) half width 177.9 nm, peak mask size 9 pixels and peak intensity to noise 6 and accounted for overlap in 2D with max cluster size 10. SMLs were rendered in ZEN software with 10 nm/px resolution and 1x PSF expansion factor. The data were model-based drift corrected in ZEN. Two channels were aligned using tetraspec beads fiducial markers for affine calibration. Drift-corrected and aligned localization coordinates were exported as text files. Text files were converted into csv files and imported using self-written macro (Hoboth et al., 2021a) into the ImageJ2 (Rueden et al., 2017) plug-in ThunderSTORM, visualized by normalized Gaussian method (Ovesny et al., 2014).

Ditrect STORM imaging and image reconstruction of the transcription elongation marker P-S2 and nuclear PI(4,5)P2 indirectly immunolabeled with AF647 (red) and AF555 (green) in control cells.

U-2 OS cells were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS at 37°C and 5% CO2. Cells were plated one day before staining in ~50% confluence on the high-precision 12 mm round coverslips treated with Hellmanex, sonicated, washed, dried and sterilized. Cells were control treated with 1:000 DMSO in the culture media. U2OS cells were washed twice with PBS (pH 7.4) and fixed for 30 min in 2% PFA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min with PBS, then permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 min, washed 3-times for 5 min by PBS and blocked in filtered 5% BSA in PBS for 30 min. Cells were incubated for 45 min with rabbit polyclonal IgG anti-RNAPII CTD P-S2 (Abcam ab5095) 3 µg/mL and mouse ascites IgM anti-PI(4,5)P2 2C11 (Z-A045; Echelon Biosci. Inc., USA) 5 µg/mL  in 5% BSA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS and incubated for 30 min with goat anti-mouse IgM (µ-chain) AF555 (Jackson ImmunoRes. A24126) 10 µg/mL; goat anti-rabbit IgG AF647 (Invitrogen A21245) 10 µg/mL diluted in 5% BSA in PBS. Then the cells were washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS, post-fixed for 15 min in 2% PFA in PBS and washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS. All procedures were performed at RT and the cells were stored in PBS in the fridge overnight prior imaging. Coverslips with cells were mounted in the Chamlide chamber (Live Cell Instrument, Korea) and covered with imaging buffer (PBS pH 7.4, 50 mM MEA). Single-molecule localizations (SMLs) data were acquired by Zeiss Elyra PS.1 equipped with HR Diode 642-150 and HR DPSS 561-200 lasers, Alpha Plan-Apochromat 100x/1.46 oil DIC M27 Elyra objective and Andor EM CCD iXon DU 897 camera and Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software (Zeiss). AF647 and AF555 photo-switching was achieved by HiLo illumination and TIRF HP FOV with 100% power of 642nm or 561nm laser, and the signal was acquired via MBS 642 + EF LP 655 and MBS 561 + EF BP 570-620 / LP 750 filters, respectively. Exposure time was 40 ms and EM gain was 300 for both channels. SMLs were calculated in 2D by Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software using x,y 2D Gauss fit with point spread function (PSF) half width 177.9 nm, peak mask size 9 pixels and peak intensity to noise 6 and accounted for overlap in 2D with max cluster size 10. SMLs were rendered in ZEN software with 10 nm/px resolution and 1x PSF expansion factor. The data were model-based drift corrected in ZEN. Two channels were aligned using tetraspec beads fiducial markers for affine calibration. Drift-corrected and aligned localization coordinates were exported as text files. Text files were converted into csv files and imported using self-written macro (Hoboth et al., 2021a) into the ImageJ2 (Rueden et al., 2017) plug-in ThunderSTORM, visualized by normalized Gaussian method (Ovesny et al., 2014).

Ditrect STORM imaging and image reconstruction of the transcription elongation marker P-S2 and nuclear PI(4,5)P2 indirectly immunolabeled with AF647 (red) and AF555 (green) in DRB treated cells.

U-2 OS cells were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS at 37°C and 5% CO2. Cells were plated one day before staining in ~50% confluence on the high-precision 12 mm round coverslips treated with Hellmanex, sonicated, washed, dried and sterilized. Cells were treated for 2h with 100 µM DRB (Sigma D1916) added to the cell culture media. U2OS cells were washed twice with PBS (pH 7.4) and fixed for 30 min in 2% PFA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min with PBS, then permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 min, washed 3-times for 5 min by PBS and blocked in filtered 5% BSA in PBS for 30 min. Cells were incubated for 45 min with rabbit polyclonal IgG anti-RNAPII CTD P-S2 (Abcam ab5095) 3 µg/mL and mouse ascites IgM anti-PI(4,5)P2 2C11 (Z-A045; Echelon Biosci. Inc., USA) 5 µg/mL  in 5% BSA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS and incubated for 30 min with goat anti-mouse IgM (µ-chain) AF555 (Jackson ImmunoRes. A24126) 10 µg/mL; goat anti-rabbit IgG AF647 (Invitrogen A21245) 10 µg/mL diluted in 5% BSA in PBS. Then the cells were washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS, post-fixed for 15 min in 2% PFA in PBS and washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS. All procedures were performed at RT and the cells were stored in PBS in the fridge overnight prior imaging. Coverslips with cells were mounted in the Chamlide chamber (Live Cell Instrument, Korea) and covered with imaging buffer (PBS pH 7.4, 50 mM MEA). Single-molecule localizations (SMLs) data were acquired by Zeiss Elyra PS.1 equipped with HR Diode 642-150 and HR DPSS 561-200 lasers, Alpha Plan-Apochromat 100x/1.46 oil DIC M27 Elyra objective and Andor EM CCD iXon DU 897 camera and Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software (Zeiss). AF647 and AF555 photo-switching was achieved by HiLo illumination and TIRF HP FOV with 100% power of 642nm or 561nm laser, and the signal was acquired via MBS 642 + EF LP 655 and MBS 561 + EF BP 570-620 / LP 750 filters, respectively. Exposure time was 40 ms and EM gain was 300 for both channels. SMLs were calculated in 2D by Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software using x,y 2D Gauss fit with point spread function (PSF) half width 177.9 nm, peak mask size 9 pixels and peak intensity to noise 6 and accounted for overlap in 2D with max cluster size 10. SMLs were rendered in ZEN software with 10 nm/px resolution and 1x PSF expansion factor. The data were model-based drift corrected in ZEN. Two channels were aligned using tetraspec beads fiducial markers for affine calibration. Drift-corrected and aligned localization coordinates were exported as text files. Text files were converted into csv files and imported using self-written macro (Hoboth et al., 2021a) into the ImageJ2 (Rueden et al., 2017) plug-in ThunderSTORM, visualized by normalized Gaussian method (Ovesny et al., 2014).

Ditrect STORM imaging and image reconstruction of the transcription initiation marker P-S5 and nuclear PI(3,4)P2 indirectly immunolabeled with AF647 (red) and AF555 (green) in control cells.

U-2 OS cells were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS at 37°C and 5% CO2. Cells were plated one day before staining in ~50% confluence on the high-precision 12 mm round coverslips treated with Hellmanex, sonicated, washed, dried and sterilized. Cells were control treated with 1:000 DMSO in the culture media. U2OS cells were washed twice with PBS (pH 7.4) and fixed for 30 min in 2% PFA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min with PBS, then permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 min, washed 3-times for 5 min by PBS and blocked in filtered 5% BSA in PBS for 30 min. Cells were incubated for 45 min with rabbit polyclonal IgG anti-RNAPII CTD P-S5 (Abcam ab5131) 3 µg/mL and mouse monoclonal IgG2 anti-PI(3,4)P2 (Z-P034; Echelon Biosci. Inc., USA) 5 µg/mL  in 5% BSA in PBS, washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS and incubated for 30 min with donkey anti-mouse IgG AF555 (Invitrogen A31570) 10 µg/mL and goat anti-rabbit IgG AF647 (Invitrogen A21245) 10 µg/mL diluted in 5% BSA in PBS. Then the cells were washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS, post-fixed for 15 min in 2% PFA in PBS and washed 3-times for 5 min in PBS. All procedures were performed at RT and the cells were stored in PBS in the fridge overnight prior imaging. Coverslips with cells were mounted in the Chamlide chamber (Live Cell Instrument, Korea) and covered with imaging buffer (PBS pH 7.4, 50 mM MEA). Single-molecule localizations (SMLs) data were acquired by Zeiss Elyra PS.1 equipped with HR Diode 642-150 and HR DPSS 561-200 lasers, Alpha Plan-Apochromat 100x/1.46 oil DIC M27 Elyra objective and Andor EM CCD iXon DU 897 camera and Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software (Zeiss). AF647 and AF555 photo-switching was achieved by HiLo illumination and TIRF HP FOV with 100% power of 642nm or 561nm laser, and the signal was acquired via MBS 642 + EF LP 655 and MBS 561 + EF BP 570-620 / LP 750 filters, respectively. Exposure time was 40 ms and EM gain was 300 for both channels. SMLs were calculated in 2D by Zeiss ZEN Black 2.1 SP3 software using x,y 2D Gauss fit with point spread function (PSF) half width 177.9 nm, peak mask size 9 pixels and peak intensity to noise 6 and accounted for overlap in 2D with max cluster size 10. SMLs were rendered in ZEN software with 10 nm/px resolution and 1x PSF expansion factor. The data were model-based drift corrected in ZEN. Two channels were aligned using tetraspec beads fiducial markers for affine calibration. Drift-corrected and aligned localization coordinates were exported as text files. Text files were converted into csv files and imported using self-written macro (Hoboth et al., 2021a) into the ImageJ2 (Rueden et al., 2017) plug-in ThunderSTORM, visualized by normalized Gaussian method (Ovesny et al., 2014).

CLTS. Cross-Linguistic Transcription Systems

Cross-Linguistic Transcription Systems

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Transcription start site analysis for heterogenous CD4+ T cells using 5′ scRNA-seq

These datasets are generated by ReapTEC (read-level pre-filtering and transcribed enhancer call) using 5' single-cell RNA-seq data on human heterogenous CD4+ T cells. By taking advantage of a unique "cap signature" derived from the 5′-end of a transcript, ReapTEC simultaneously profiles gene expression and enhancer activity at nucleotide resolution using 5′-end single-cell RNA-sequencing (5′ scRNA-seq). The detail of ReapTEC pipeline is described in https://github.com/MurakawaLab/ReapTEC.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2025View details →

YY1 mutations disrupt corticogenesis through a cell type-specific rewiring of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous transcriptional programs

This supplementary data includes counts from bulk and pseudobulk omic experiments, h5ad for single-cell experiments, and outputs of differential expression and enrichments performed on different omics assays.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Toy Qualitative Data Project (Interview Transcripts)

Please be advised that this project is intended solely for instructional purposes and should not be used for actual research. This dataset is intended to complement the instructional material and provide a hands-on learning experience for the workshop: <a href="https://rcurty.github.io/qualdata-training">Handling and Sharing Qualitative Data Responsibly and Effectively</a>. This hypothetical research project is designed to demonstrate key concepts related to human subject qualitative data management and thematic analysis coding. It includes interview transcripts generated with ChatGPT 4.0 Mini for a fictional graduate student in Communication named Sarah, whose main research question is: How do content creators/digital influencers view their role in shaping their followers' consumer behavior, and what ethical dilemmas do they face when promoting products? <div> Given the novelty of this research topic and the limited academic literature available, Sarah hopes that the insights gained from this small-scale qualitative exploratory study will help identify key variables for a larger survey study with a representative sample of content creators/digital influencers across the U.S. Sarah has previous experience with quantitative methods but is very new to qualitative research and could use our help for better handling the data. Having already conducted six short structured interviews with subjects from top revenue niches (i.e., Home Decor and DYI, Travel & Adventure, Fashion & Style, Health & Wellness, Finance & Investment, Beauty & Skincare) and planning to conduct a dozen more, Sarah is eager to begin engaging with the data she has collected so far and deciding how to best organize and interpret it. We’ll be walking her through this process, providing the necessary guidance and support for effective and responsible data management. Interviews were conducted over Zoom and audio recorded with participants' consent. The interview included four main questions, which were consistent across all interviews: Q1. Please tell me a little about your work as a content creator/digital influencer how it started, and how you have established yourself in your current niche. Q2. In what ways do you believe content creators/digital influencers shape consumer behavior? Could you share any examples? Q3. What strategies would you say content creators/digital influencers typically use to increase sales of sponsored products and services? Which ones have you used? What worked and what did not work for you? Why? Q4. In your view, what are the essential ethical responsibilities that content creators and digital influencers should uphold? Can you share any personal experiences that illustrate these responsibilities in action? Each interview generated approximately 15 minutes of audio recording, which Sarah manually transcribed. Sarah decided to keep the transcription true to the recordings and seek assistance to mitigate any risk of identification.  </div>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

GC-MS raw data_Figure 6E_Lysophosphatidic Acid Shifts Metabolic and Transcriptional Landscapes to Induce a Distinct Cellular State in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Sample name hESCs (H1 cells) were given treatments for two days and then collected for GC-MS analysis. E8: E8 medium AX: E8 + 1.6% AlbuMAX; BSA: E8 + 1% albumin; BSA+hCDL: E8 + 1% albumin + 0.1% hCDL; LPA+BSA: E8 + 1 μM LPA + 1% albumin; LPA+BSA+hCDL: E8 + 1 μM LPA + 1% albumin + 0.1% hCDL STD: standard lipids mixture used as reference Extraction and Methylation Sample preparation was conducted according to the previously reported method (Araujo et al., 2008) with the modification. Briefly, spent medium was removed, and cells were rinsed with 1 mL/well 0.9% (w/v) saline twice. Then 0.5 mL/well -80°C 80% methanol was added to quench the metabolism. Five wells of cells (from 6-well plate) were scrapped off into a glass screw-cap tube. Then 4 mL heptadecanoate containing chloroform (4 μg/mL, internal standard for fatty acids) was added into the tube. Vortex, and then centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 min. Cellular debris was carefully removed, and nitrogen blow the solution till dry. Add 1.5 mL hexane and 1.5 mL 14% boron trifluoride (BF3)/methanol solution. Seal the tube with nitrogen gas, heat it at 100°C for 1 h using MK200-2 dry bath incubator (Aosheng), and then cool down to room temperature. Add 1 mL water into the tube, vortex and then centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The upper layer was transferred into a new 1.5-mL eppendorf tube and evaporated by nitrogen gas. The residue was re-dissolved in 100 μL hexane for GC-MS analysis. GC-MS method Samples were analyzed using an Agilent GC-MS system (Agilent) consisting of a 6890 gas chromatography and a 5973 mass spectrometer. Fatty acid methyl esters were separated by an Omegawax™ 250 fused silica capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 μm film thickness, Supelco, Bellefonte, PA). The optimized oven temperature program was: initial temperature set at 180°C and held for 3 min; ramped to 206°C at 2°C/min and held at 206°C for 25 min, then, ramped to 240°C at 10°C/min and held for 5 min. Overall, the total run time was 50 min. Carrier gas was high-purity helium at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Injector temperature was set at 250°C. Injection volume was 2 μL with a split ratio of 1:15. The mass spectrometer was operated in electron-impact (EI) mode at 70 eV ionization energy. The temperatures of quadrupole and ionization source were set at 150°C and 280°C, respectively. The spectra from 3 to 50 min were acquired with the m/z range of 35–550 at a scan rate of 0.34 s per scan.