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Fig. 35 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 35. Sublethal injuries in Hoploscaphites nodosus (Owen, 1852). A. Hoploscaphites nodosus (?), microconch, left lateral view, YPM 35631, with a single row of midventral tubercles instead of two rows of ventrolateral tubercles, YPM loc. A1461, Bearpaw Shale, Rosebud County, Montana. B. Hoploscaphites nodosus, macroconch, right lateral view, YPM 35598, with a spiral furrow on the right side of the shell beginning just adoral of the point of exposure, YPM loc. C3347, Pierre Shale, Belle Fourche River, South Dakota. C, D. Hoploscaphites nodosus, microconch, BHI 4912, with a round ''blister'' (arrow) on the venter just adapical of the point of recurvature, Baculites compressus–B. cuneatus zones, Pierre Shale, Meade County, South Dakota. C. Ventral; D. left lateral. Specimens are illustrated natural size.

Fig. 44 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 44. Hoploscaphites nodosus (Owen, 1852), small slender macroconch, USNM 12284 (5 Whitfield, 1880: pl. 13, fig. 12) (cast 5 YPM 35578), from ''the Fort Pierre Group, on the Cheyenne River, near Rapid Creek, Black Hills, Dakota.'' A spiral furrow (arrows) extends from the middle of the exposed phragmocone to the point of recurvature on the left side. A. Right lateral; B. aperture; C. ventral; D. left lateral. Specimen is illustrated natural size.

Fig. 9 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 9. Stratigraphic section of the Bearpaw Shale on Porcupine Dome, southeast Montana, spanning the Baculites sp. (smooth) to B. grandis zones. The Baculites compressus–B. cuneatus zones are approximately 45 m thick.

Fig. 55 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 55. Hoploscaphites nodosus (Owen, 1852), macroconchs, transitional to H. brevis. A–C. USNM 536233, USGS Mesozoic loc. 23072, Pierre Shale, near Sage Creek, Pennington County, South Dakota. A chunk of shell is missing from the adapical part of the body chamber. A. Apertural; B. ventral; C. left lateral. D–F. AMNH 58512, more slender and finely ribbed than holotype, locality unknown. D. Ventral hook; E. apertural; F. left lateral. These specimens are assigned to H. nodosus rather than H. brevis because the body chamber is elongate and the ventrolateral tubercles persist to the aperture. Specimens are illustrated natural size.

Fig. 64 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 64. Hoploscaphites nodosus (Owen, 1852), microconchs. A, B. BHI 4220, Baculites compressus Zone, Pierre Shale, Meade County, South Dakota. A. Right lateral; B. apertural. The apertural margin was accidentally ground down during preparation. C–E. BHI 7004, Pierre Shale, Didymoceras cheyennense Zone, Pierre Shale, Custer County, South Dakota. C. Right lateral; D. ventral; E. left lateral. Specimens are illustrated natural size.

Fig. 54 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 54. Hoploscaphites nodosus (Owen, 1852), macroconchs. A, B. BHI 4948, Baculites compressus Zone, Pierre Shale, Meade County, South Dakota. A. Ventral; B. left lateral. C, D. YPM 35598, YPM loc. C3347, Pierre Shale, Belle Fourche River, South Dakota. A spiral furrow extends from the point of exposure to the aperture on the right side of the shell (fig. 35B). C. Ventral; D. left lateral. Specimens are illustrated natural size.

Fig. 43 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 43. Spacing of ventrolateral tubercles on the adult shell of Hoploscaphites nodosus (Owen, 1852). A. AMNH 9520/1, slender macroconch, possibly one of the original specimens collected by Meek and

Fig. 7 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 7. Hoploscaphites brevis (Meek, 1876), microconchs. A–D. USNM 12291 (5 Scaphites nodosus var. quadrangularis), illustrated in Whitfield (1880: pl. 13, figs. 10, 11), said to be from the Pierre Shale ''on the Cheyenne River, near Rapid and French Creeks, and also from beds which contain a mingling of the

Fig. 6. A–C in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 6. A–C. Hoploscaphites plenus (Meek, 1876), microconch, USNM 365 (5 Scaphites nodosus var. quadrangularis, paratype, cast), illustrated in Meek (1876: pl. 25, fig. 4), said to be from the Pierre Shale on the ''Yellowstone River, Montana, 150 miles above its mouth,'' and probably, more specifically, from the Cedar Creek Anticline, Dawson County, Montana. A. Right lateral; B. ventral; C. left lateral. D–G.

Fig. 5 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 5. Hoploscaphites brevis (Meek, 1876), macroconch, holotype, USNM 367, Pierre Shale, probably from the Sage Creek area, Pennington County, South Dakota. A. Right lateral; B. apertural; C. ventral; D. left lateral. Specimen is illustrated natural size.

Fig. 4 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 4. Hoploscaphites nodosus (Owen, 1852), macroconch with part of the hook missing, holotype, UC 6381, Pierre Shale, probably from the Sage Creek area, Pennington County, South Dakota. A. Right lateral; B. apertural; C. ventral. Specimen is illustrated natural size.

Fig. 3 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 3. Drainage map of southwest South Dakota showing the rivers and creeks mentioned in early accounts of western exploration of part of what was then known as the Nebraska Territory. The numbers 1 and 2 indicate Sage Creek and Bear Creek, respectively, two of the collecting localities of Meek and Hayden in 1853.

Fig. 2 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 2. Upper Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) ammonite biostratigraphy of the U.S. Western Interior showing the zones of Baculites compressus and B. cuneatus (Cobban et al., 2006). The absolute ages are derived from 40Ar/39Ar analyses of bentonites containing sanidines. In North America, the Campanian is divided into three parts. The Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary is currently placed in the middle of the B. eliasi Zone, based on recent work in Tercis, France, and the Vistula River Valley, Poland (Remin, 2009).

Fig. 1 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America

Fig. 1. Map of the upper Campanian Baculites compressus Zone showing the shoreline along the western margin of the Western Interior Seaway. The shoreline is dashed, for example, in eastern Wyoming, because of a lack of data. The dots indicate localities of B. compressus. Numbers refer to USGS Mesozoic localities, as listed below, except for locality 1 (Geological Survey of Canada). See appendix 1 for a description of localities. 1. GSC C-186877 (Jerzykiewicz, 1996); 2. D4129–32; 3. D4125–27; 4. D4120; 5. 7325, D2553, D3634; 6. 9866; 7. 23990; 8. 24178; 9. D3819, D3820; 10. D3827; 11. D6854; 12. 4710, 6037; 13. D3624; 14. D3083; 15. D490; 16. D4138; 17. D764; 18. D76; 19. D3595, D3599; 20. D4209; 21. 21577, D5659; 22. D782; 23. D780; 24. D2632, D2633; 25. D3575; 26. D3578; 27. 21224; 28. D3443; 29. 23057; 30. D1055; 31. D4994; 32. D1598, D2393; 33. D3074; 34. D1594, 23072; 35. D13708; 36. D2618; 37. D213; 38. D1661; 39. D1657; 40. D13791; 41. D4968; 42. D13507; 43. D13508; 44. D4965; 45. D4101; 46. D8782; 47. D5037; 48. D8378; 49. D9637, D9640; 50. D9677; 51. D5991; 52. D1351; 53. D8089; 54. D4497; 55. D8068; 56. D2723; 57. D2941; 58. D337; 59. D40; 60. D271, D280; 61. D8004; 62. D8874; 63. D1080; 64. D615; 65. D440.

Fig. 3 in Upper Cretaceous Foraminifera Murgeina Apula (Luperto Sinni, 1968): A Methusalem And Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Survivor Taxon

Fig. 3 Lithological log of the Maymand section with distribution of larger benthic foraminifera (including Murgeina apula Luperto-Sinni) (after Schlagintweit & Yazdi-Moghadam, 2020). a Nezzazata gr. gyra-conica (Smout), b Nezzazata simplex Omara, c Murgeina apula (Luperto-Sinni), d Orbitolina gr. concava Orbigny, e Rajkanella hottingerinaformis Schlagintweit & Rigaud, f Biconcava bentori Hamaoui & Saint-Marc, g Praealveolina simplex Reichel, h Chrysalidina gradata Orbigny, i Cisalveolina fraasi (Gümbel), j Persiconus sarvaki Yazdi-Moghadam & Schlagintweit.

Fig. 2 a in Upper Cretaceous Foraminifera Murgeina Apula (Luperto Sinni, 1968): A Methusalem And Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Survivor Taxon

Fig. 2 a Simplified geological map of Iran (modified after Schlagintweit & Yazdi-Moghadam, 2021) showing the main tectonic subdivisions. b-c Position of the studied sections. d Tectono-stratigraphic units of the Zagros belt (modified after Yazdi-Moghadam & Schlagintweit, 2021) with position of the Anneh section. Abbreviations: BF Balarud Fault, CEIM Central East Iran Microplate, HZF High Zagros Fault, KZF Kazerun Fault, MFF Mountain Front Fault, MZRF Main Zagros Revers Fault, MZT Main Zagros Thrust, SSZ Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, UDMA Uromia Dokhtar Magmatic Arc, ZFTB Zagros Fold Thrust Belt.

Fig. 1 in Upper Cretaceous Foraminifera Murgeina Apula (Luperto Sinni, 1968): A Methusalem And Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Survivor Taxon

Fig. 1 Nummofallotia cretacea (Schlumberger, 1900) from the Upper Cretaceous of Austria. a Equatorial section; Wegscheidgraben, Santonian Hochmoos Formation, Gosau Group (see Wagreich, 1988). b Slightly oblique axial section, same sample as a. Note the well-preserved light brownish porcelaneous wall. c Axial section showing test dissolution affecting the porcelaneous wall dissolution, while the radial fibrous umbo remains unaffected; Uppermost Maastrichtian Kambühel Limestone, Kambühel type-locality (see Tragelehn, 1996). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 7 in Upper Cretaceous Foraminifera Murgeina Apula (Luperto Sinni, 1968): A Methusalem And Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Survivor Taxon

Fig. 7 Murgeina apula (Luperto Sinni) from the early-middle Campanian Pučišća Formation of the Island of Brač. a-b, f, h, j Axial sections. c-e, g Oblique sections. Note the presence of some kind of tooth plate in d (t. p.). i) Subaxial section.

Fig. 4 in Upper Cretaceous Foraminifera Murgeina Apula (Luperto Sinni, 1968): A Methusalem And Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Survivor Taxon

Fig. 4 Lithostratigraphic column of the Upper Cretaceous strata of the Island of Brač, Croatia showing distribution of selected benthic foraminifera including Murgeina apula (Luperto Sinni).

Fig. 6 in Upper Cretaceous Foraminifera Murgeina Apula (Luperto Sinni, 1968): A Methusalem And Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Survivor Taxon

Fig. 6 Murgeina apula (Luperto Sinni) from the Cenomanian Sarvak Formation of SW Iran. a-b, d, f-i, l, n, s, t Axial sections, partly slightly oblique. Note the double-layered septa in s. c, j, k, m, r, v. Oblique sections. e Slightly oblique subaxial section. q, s, u Equatorial sections. Note the double-layered septa in q. Abbreviations: fo = foramen, pr = proloculus, se = septum, t.pl. = tooth plate, um = umbo. Thin sections: DB 14550 (a), BF 86 (b-c), BF 37 (d, v), BF 56 (e, g), BF 70 (f), BF 48 (h), BF 33 (i-l, p, s), BF 82 (m), BF 40 (n), BF 37 (o, q, u), BF 46 (r), BF 56 (t).