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555 results for “Woody”
REFIT.AC v22 fire emissions for Forkel et al. "Burning of woody debris dominates fire emissions in the Amazon and Cerrado"
<p>Emissions for Amazon and Cerrado biome areas generated by the Remote sensing based Emission model by FIre types - Amazon and Cerrado (REFIT.AC) for the publication Forkel et al. "Burning of woody debris dominates fire emissions in the Amazon and Cerrado".</p> <p>REFIT.AC is a bookkeeping-based fire model using ESA CCI biomass, LULCC data and MODIS based fire occurrence information (burned area and active fires). </p> <p>Emission information is provided in 0.1 degree spatial resolution for dry matter (DM), CO2, CO, CH4, NOx and PM2.5, in units of g/m2/month.</p>
Spatial patterns in neighbourhood effects on woody plant selection and bark stripping by deer in a lowland alluvial forest
<p>This dataset presents the incidence of bark stripping (present or not) and its intensity by two deer species mapped over all woody individuals ≥ 1 cm diameter at breast height (DBH). Stripping intensity was measured as the maximal percentage of the stripped stem circumference at the part of the stem with the horizontally widest stripping wound. A four-hectare square research plot is located in the Ranšpurk old-growth forest reserve in the south-eastern part of the Czech Republic (N48°40´, E16°56´).</p> <p>Several treefalls damaged the fence around the reserve in late autumn 2017, allowing fallow deer (<em>Dama dama</em> L.) and red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em> L.) to enter the reserve from the deer enclosure. The number of fallow deer and red deer individuals in the reserve was unknown, and likely fluctuated over time as they could enter and leave the reserve at any time. Data were collected in July 2018, ca 9–10 months after the fence was damaged. Although the fence was not fixed at the time of data collection (deer could still enter and leave the reserve), stripping wounds were not fresh and were likely received between late autumn 2017 and early spring 2018.</p> <p>The datasets includes tree and shrub individuals that fell within species-specific DBH range (susceptible individuals). The range was defined for each tree and shrub species as DBH<sub>min </sub>≤ DBH ≤ DBH<sub>max</sub>, where DBH<sub>min</sub> and DBH<sub>max</sub> are DBH of the smallest and largest stripped individuals. Individuals smaller and larger than this range were excluded from analyses, because small and large individuals may be relatively less often stripped. Woody species with ≥ 70 individuals are presented, because stochasticity does not allow meaningful spatial point pattern analyses with fewer individuals per species.</p> <p>Data contains the x and y coordinates of each individual in a local coordinate system, the woody species, its code, diameter at breast height, the incidence of stripping (present = 1 or not = 0), and the intensity of stripping (%).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Fig. 2. – Species prediction for a grid cell. A in Geographical patterns of woody plants' functional traits in Burkina Faso
Fig. 2. – Species prediction for a grid cell. A. Average of maximal plant size; B. Percentage of spinescent species; C. Percentage of species containing latex; D. Percentage of species with compound leaves.
Fig. 1. – Study area. A in Geographical patterns of woody plants' functional traits in Burkina Faso
Fig. 1. – Study area. A. Species richness of the 129 woody plants, distribution records and position of Burkina Faso within Africa; B. Names of landscape elements and cities mentioned in the results.
Large contribution of woody plant expansion to recent vegetative greening of the Northern Great Plains
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Extensive portions of high-latitude grasslands worldwide have recently experienced increased vegetative productivity (i.e., greening) and have undergone a rapid transition towards woody plant dominance via the process of woody plant expansion (WPE). This raises the underlying question: To what degree are WPE and greening spatiotemporally linked? Given that these vegetative changes are predicted to continue, we seek to understand how recent changes in vegetation extent and productivity have interacted under recent climate change and anthropogenic disturbance to provide insights surrounding the future trajectory of temperate grasslands broadly.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Northern Great Plains (NGP), North America</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> Woody plants</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Greening was measured as the significant increase in three metrics between 2000 and 2019: leaf area index (LAI), annual maximum normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), and annual mean NDVI. WPE was measured as the significant proportional increase in percent tree cover change between 2000 and 2019 in grasslands. We then examine these variables across a host of 26 potential driving variables.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We show that average proportional greening increased by 0.2-1.3% yr <sup>-1</sup> (depending on metric), and proportional WPE increased by 6.9% yr <sup>-1</sup> since 2000 across the NGP. Both changes are largely driven by the absence of wildfire and changing climate. Furthermore, WPE was spatially coherent and positively associated with a large component of recent greening, as revealed by their coupling across 34.1-40.6% of grassland area and as evidenced by the 9.7-19.7% of the variability in greening explained by WPE.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>WPE and greening are spatiotemporally coupled across large portions of the NGP. Under continued climate change and wildfire suppression, WPE and greening are likely to continue across large swathes of grasslands globally. Furthermore, our results show that using a single greening metric may be insufficient to capture the large-scale vegetative changes such as the expansion of woody vegetation.</p>
Decomposition, topology, properties, and graphs of woody crown networks of 15 tree species of Cerrado vegetation
<p>Data of decomposition, topology, properties, and the corresponding graphs of 15 adult tree species of Cerrado vegetation, <em>sensu stricto</em> physiognomy. The woody crown networks (WCN) representations in a bidimensional space were obtained by drawing followed the methodology described by Prado et al. (2020, Prado, C.H.B.A., Trovão, D.M.B.M., Souza, J.P.<strong>,</strong> 2020. A network model for determining the woody crown's decomposition, topology, and properties. Journal of Theoretical Biology, v. 499, p. 110318. https://doi.org/<a href="https://www.x-mol.com/paperRedirect/1258515479077781504">10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110318</a>.). The branching regions were the nodes, and the woody crown segments connecting the nodes or merely emerging from them were the connectors. Those trees grew under natural conditions in a most common (<em>sensu stricto</em>) physiognomy of Cerrado vegetation, in a reservoir of 86 ha, located at 850 m above sea level in São Carlos city, São Paulo state, Brazil, at 21°58'- 22°00'S and 47°51'-47°52'W. Following the Köppen climatic classification, this region is between Aw and Cwa, a tropical climate with dry winter and wet summer. The rainy season occurs between October-March, and the dry season between April and September. </p>
Figure 3 in Woody species distribution across a savanna-dry forest soil gradient in the Brazilian Cerrado
Figure 3. Proportional occurrence of 51 woody species across 30 plots ordinated by the soil gradient of aluminum saturation and base saturation (RDA axis 1, see Figure 1) in a savanna-dry forest transition. Grey and black bars correspond to cerrado stricto sensu and dry forest plots, respectively.
Figure 2 in Woody species distribution across a savanna-dry forest soil gradient in the Brazilian Cerrado
Figure 2. Topography and the gradients of aluminum saturation, base saturation, and phosphorus across 30 plots (rectangles, 10×40 m) in a 4.5 ha area of contact between the cerrado stricto sensu (SA) and dry forest (DF) physiognomies.
Figure 1 in Woody species distribution across a savanna-dry forest soil gradient in the Brazilian Cerrado
Figure 1. Biplot of tb-RDA for woody species composition, and relationships with edaphic (P = phosphorous; A = aluminum saturation; B = base saturation) and spatial (M1 and M2) variables, among plots in cerrado stricto sensu (gray) or dry forest (black) physiognomies.
Mechanisms of coexistence: Exploring species sorting and character displacement in woody plants to alleviate belowground competition
<p>Rarely do we observe competitive exclusion within plant communities, even though plants compete for a limited pool of resources. Thus, our understanding of the mechanisms sustaining plant biodiversity might be limited. In this study, we explore two common ecological strategies, species sorting and character displacement, that promote coexistence by reducing competition. We assess the degree to which woody plants may implement these two strategies to lower belowground competition for nutrients which occurs via nutritional (mostly mycorrhizal) mutualisms. First, we compile data on plant traits and the mycorrhizal association state of woody angiosperms using a global inventory of indigenous flora. Our analysis reveals that species in locations with high mycorrhizal diversity exhibit distinct mean values in leaf area and wood density based on their mycorrhizal type, indicating species sorting. Second, we reanalyze a large dataset on leaf area to demonstrate that in areas with high mycorrhizal diversity, trees maintain divergent leaf area values, showcasing character displacement. Character displacement among plants is considered rare, making our observation significant. In summary, our study uncovers a rare occurrence of character displacement and identifies a common mechanism employed by plants to alleviate competition, shedding light on the complexities of plant coexistence in diverse ecosystems.</p>
Fig. 83. Albertemys woodi, n in Evolution Of The Side-Necked Turtles: The Family Podocnemididae
Fig. 83. Albertemys woodi, n. gen. et sp. AMNH 5088. Plastron and partial carapace. A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, anterior; D, left lateral. [R. Wood, del.]
Fig. 84. Albertemys woodi, n in Evolution Of The Side-Necked Turtles: The Family Podocnemididae
Fig. 84. Albertemys woodi, n. gen. et sp. AMNH 5088. Plastron and partial carapace. A, ventral view of plastron; B, C, D, E, cross sections at positions indicated. [R. Wood, C. Facella, del.]
Figure 4 in Bird communities of different woody vegetation types from the Niraj Valley, Romania
Figure 4. Species richness (a), abundance (b), diversity (c), and equitability (d) in different phytocoenoses. St- Salicetum triandrae, SP- Salici–Populetum, CF- Carpino–Fagetum, CQ- Carpino–Quercetum petraeae, GQmu- Genisto tinctoriae– Quercetum petraeae subass. melicetosum uniflorae, PC- Pruno spinosae–Crataegetum, and orchards. Different letters signify P <0.05.
Figure 3 in Bird communities of different woody vegetation types from the Niraj Valley, Romania
Figure 3. The abundance of different ecological categories in the studied plant associations. O- Orchards, PC- Pruno spinosae–Crataegetum, SP- Salici–Populetum, St- Salicetum triandrae, and forests.
Figure 2 in The structure and composition of the woody plant communities of Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
Figure 2. Typical examples of the plant communities in Majete Wildlife Reserve; A, riparian woodland (Rw); B, grassland (Gr); C–D, shrublands and woodlands (SW); E, transitional woodland (Tw); and F, miombo (M). Photo credits: W.A. Nieman.
Figure 1 in The structure and composition of the woody plant communities of Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
Figure 1. Dendrogram of species composition for different woody plant communities based on the Jaccard similarity index.
Figure 4 in The structure and composition of the woody plant communities of Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
Figure 4. The comparative performance of six incidence-based species richness estimators (Chao 2, Chao 2-bc, iChao 2, Jack 1, Jack 2 and ICE) for all woody plant species recorded in Majete Wildlife Reserve (n = 118). The observed species accumulation curve (Sobs) with 95% confidence intervals, as well as the cumulative number of singletons (the number of species recorded only once during the survey) and doubletons (the number of species recorded only twice during the survey), were also plotted. Estimated woody species richness values are indicated in brackets.
Figure 3 in The structure and composition of the woody plant communities of Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
Figure 3. Distribution of woody plant communities in Majete Wildlife Reserve (MWR). The inset shows the location of the MWR in Malawi.
Fig. 1 in Current status of Acarapis woodi mite infestation in Africanized honey bee Apis mellifera in Brazil
Fig. 1. States evaluated for the presence of Acarapis woodi in Brazil. The blank area represents the states not surveyed; dark grey areas show the states surveyed in this study which presented negative results (circles with negative sign); light grey areas show previous studies from the 1970s.
Comparative transcriptomics of tropical woody plants supports fast and furious strategy along the leaf economics spectrum in lianas
<p>Lianas, climbing woody plants, influence the structure and function of tropical forests. Climbing traits have evolved multiple times, including ancestral groups such as gymnosperms and pteridophytes, but the genetic basis of the liana strategy is largely unknown. Here, we use a comparative transcriptomic approach for 47 tropical plant species, including ten lianas of diverse taxonomic origins, to identify genes that are consistently expressed or downregulated only in lianas. Our comparative analysis of full-length transcripts enabled the identification of a core interactomic network common to lianas. Sets of transcripts identified from our analysis reveal features related to functional traits pertinent to leaf economics spectrum in lianas, including upregulation of genes controlling epidermal cuticular properties, cell wall remodeling, carbon concentrating mechanism, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and a large suit of downregulated transcription factors and enzymes involved in ABA-mediated stress response as well as lignin and suberin synthesis. Altogether, these genes are known to be significant in shaping plant morphologies through responses such as gravitropism, phyllotaxy and shade avoidance.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.