Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 3 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 3. Skulls of representative pseudine species in dorsal (left column), lateral (central column), and ventral (right column) views. Skeletal data from CT-scans available at Morphosource. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations in section 2.2.1.

Fig. 10 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 10. Evolutionary trends of digit morphology in pseudines. Schematic drawings of the distal part of finger IV (terminal phalanx, intercalary element, and penultimate phalanx) depict different character state combinations in pseudines and other hylids. See section 2.4 for methodological details.

Fig. 9 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 9. Phylogenetic signal and homoplasy in the skeleton of pseudines and other hylids. Potential synapomorphies and autapomorphies are depicted as circles (if unambiguous) or squares (if ambiguous) on the scaffold tree, with color indicating the skeletal partition. Those unique within Hylidae are bordered in dark grey. A character distribution map indicates partition contribution to the whole data matrix. The homoplasy of each character is indicated by the homoplasy index (bottom left). See section 2.4 for methodological details.

Fig. 2 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 2. Skeleton (in dorsal view) of Pseudis platensis compared to that of a tree-dwelling hylid. Skeletal data from CT-scans available at Morphosource.

Fig. 5 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 5. Vertebral columns (in dorsal view) of representative pseudine species compared to that of Xenohyla. Close-ups are of the atlas-presacral II joint (in dorsal view) and the urostyle (in ventral view) of Pseudis platensis. Skeletal data from CT-scans available at Morphosource. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations in section 2.2.3.

Fig. 1 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 1. Geographic distribution map and phylogeny of paradoxical frogs (Pseudae). Species ranges are from Garda & Cannatella (2007) and timetree is from Duellman et al. (2016). The drawing (by ROG) is of an adult of Pseudis minuta. Abbreviations: L.bol, Lysapsus bolivianus; L.car, L. caraya; L.lae, L. laevis; L.lim, L. limellum; Ps.bol, Pseudis bolbodactyla; Ps.car, Ps. cardosoi; Ps.fus, Ps. fusca; Ps.min, Ps. minuta; Ps.par, Ps. paradoxa; Ps. pla, Ps. platensis; Ps.toc, Ps. tocantins; spp, species.

Fig. 4 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 4. Hyolaryngeal complex (in ventral view) of Pseudis minuta (male; FCEN 19848). Red denotes bone and blue denotes cartilage. Scale bar equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations in section 2.2.2.

Fig. 12 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 12. Uniqueness of paradoxical frogs and convergence with aquatic taxa. Heatmap of 38 homoplastic characters showing clustering of Pseudae species with pipids and other aquatic frogs (phenogram on the left) and their distinctiveness amongst hylids (phylogenetic tree on the bottom). See section 2.4 for methodological details. Abbreviations: GD, Gower distance.

Fig. 11 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 11. Evolutionary trends of selected characters of skull, pelvis, and limbs in pseudines and convergence with pipids. Optimization of 12 binary and multistate characters is depicted on the scaffold tree including all outgroup taxa, with color indicating the respective character state. Schematic drawings of skeletons depict different character state combinations in exemplar species (in bold) and the convergence of Pseudis and pipids. See section 2.4 for methodological details.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Data from: RNA-Seq reveals adaptive genetic potential of the rare Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana) in the face of Ips bark beetle outbreaks

The ability of tree species to adapt to water stress and increased frequency of bark beetle outbreaks with climate change may increase with population size and standing genetic variation, calling into question the resilience of small, rare plant populations. The Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana) is a rare, genetically depauperate conifer that occurs naturally in a mainland and island population in southern California. Due to recent declines in the mainland population coinciding with drought and Ips paraconfusus bark beetle outbreaks, the species would benefit from an assessment of adaptive genetic diversity. Here, we use RNA-Seq to survey gene-coding diversity across 40 individuals to 1) characterize patterns of genetic diversity in the species and 2) test for genetic differentiation between trees that succumbed to beetle attack or survived following an outbreak. Consistent with previous studies, we found few genetic variants, with most SNPs occurring as fixed differences between populations. However, we found structure within the mainland and polymorphisms segregating in both populations. Interestingly, we found differentiation in genotypes between attacked and surviving trees and 11 SNPs associated with survival status, several of which had defense-related functions. While low diversity suggests limited adaptive capacity, genetic associations with survival in functionally relevant genes suggest adaptive potential for bark beetle defense. This initial study prompts future research to explore the genetic basis of putative resistance and suggests conservation efforts should protect surviving genotypes and the full spectrum of genetic diversity across populations to preserve the evolutionary potential of the species.

Fig. 4 in Divergence in Body Mass, Wing Loading, and Population Structure Reveals Species-Specific and Potentially Adaptive Trait Variation Across Elevations in Montane

Fig. 4. Parameter estimates for fixed effects (β) in spatial mixed effects models (spaMM) for each species, with 95% CIs, testing the effects of Elevation (scaled), AMT (scaled), and Elevation * AMT interaction on traits; Asterisk indicates the CIs did not encompass zero. If no estimate is shown that variable was not included in the model for that species. Maps show spatial trends of trait value from interpolation of estimates for each model (filled.mapMM function in spaMM). Note, for B. vosnesenskii mass and pw-Empty, the low-AIC models were intercept plus random effect only, but for visualization, results are presented for the next best model with at least one fixed effect (seeTable 2 for model details).

Fig. 3 in Divergence in Body Mass, Wing Loading, and Population Structure Reveals Species-Specific and Potentially Adaptive Trait Variation Across Elevations in Montane

Fig. 3. Effect predictions (with 95% CI) of mass (field and empty), thorax size (ITS), forewing area, and transformed wing loading (pw-Field, pw-Empty) against (A) latitude, (B) AMT (Worldclim BIO1 variable), and (C) elevation from univariate linear mixed effects models for B. vancouverensis (blue) and B. vosnesenskii (red). Statistical analyses were conducted on log-transformed mass, ITS, and wing loading (see SuppTable S4 [online only]), but responses were back-transformed to the original scale for plotting (plot_model function in sjPlot). Lines are labeled with significance estimate of the β parameter estimated from lmerTest (*P <0.05; ***P <0.001; unlabeled = not significant, CI encompasses zero).

Fig. 1 in Divergence in Body Mass, Wing Loading, and Population Structure Reveals Species-Specific and Potentially Adaptive Trait Variation Across Elevations in Montane

Fig. 1. Map of sampling localities in California, Oregon, and Washington, United States.Bombus vancouverensis is indicated by circles,B. vosnesenskii by triangles, and additional B. vosnesenskii from 2013 used to improve elevational coverage at middle latitudes for some traits by open triangles. Grayscale shading reflects a digital elevation model for the region.

Fig. 5 in Divergence in Body Mass, Wing Loading, and Population Structure Reveals Species-Specific and Potentially Adaptive Trait Variation Across Elevations in Montane

Fig. 5. Relationships among space, population structure (FST), and average mass and wing loading (pw) differences among pair of populations for (A) B. vancouverensis and (B) B. vosnesenskii. Panels include plots of isolation by distance (FST by geographic distance), effects of population structure on mass, and the effects of elevation on mass and pw residuals from models including FST and geographic distance.The latter panels are included to illustrate the remaining positive effect of elevational separation on wing loading differences among B. vancouverensis populations after accounting for space and population structure, but not for B. vosnesenskii populations and not for mass in either species (seeTable 3 and Supp Fig. S6 [online only]).

Fig. 2 in Divergence in Body Mass, Wing Loading, and Population Structure Reveals Species-Specific and Potentially Adaptive Trait Variation Across Elevations in Montane

Fig. 2. Boxplots (shown for site means) and tests of differences between species in overall field mass (A), empty mass (B), ITS (C), forewing area (D), pw-Field (E), and pw-Empty (F). Statistical tests are summaries taken from linear mixed models (full report and parameter estimates in Supp Table S1 [online only]), showing marginal (R 2) and conditional (R 2) R2 values and with df for the species effect t statistic and P-values (***P <0.001; N.S. = not significant) associated with the M C relevant fixed effect estimated using lmertest. Mass, ITS, and pw values were log-transformed for statistical tests but plotted untransformed. Panels G–L show scatterplots of correlations among several traits for each bee and are presented with Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) and 95% CIs (see SuppTables 2 and 3 [online only] and Supp Figs. S2–S4 [online only] for additional trait correlation statistical details).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

The P3 event-related potential increases when humans learn a strategy for motor adaptation

This publication contains the raw EEG and kinematics datasets along with the PCA solutions for experiments 1 and 2 presented in the manuscript entitled The P3 event-related potential increases when humans learn a strategy for motor adaptation by Betina Korka and Max-Philipp Stenner.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Microsatellites data set: Correlated population genetic structure in a three-tiered host-parasite system: the potential for coevolution and adaptive divergence

Three subspecies of Northern Bahamian Rock Iguanas, Cyclura cychlura, are currently recognized: C. c. cychlura,restricted to Andros Island, and C. c. figginsi and C. c. inornata, native to the Exuma Island chain. Populations on Andros are genetically distinct from Exuma Island populations, yet genetic divergence among populations in the Exumas is inconsistent with the two currently recognized subspecies from those islands. The potential consequences of this discrepancy might include the recognition of a single subspecies throughout the Exumas rather than two. That inference also ignores evidence that populations of C. cychlura are potentially adaptively divergent. We compared patterns of population relatedness in a three-tiered host-parasite system: C. cychlura iguanas, their ticks (genus Amblyomma, preferentially parasitizing these reptiles), and Rickettsia spp. endosymbionts (within tick ectoparasites). Our results indicate that while C. c. cychlura on Andros is consistently supported as a separate clade, patterns of relatedness among populations of C. c. figginsi and C. c. inornata within the Exuma Island chain are more complex. The distribution of the hosts, different tick species, and Rickettsia spp., supports the evolutionary independence of C. c. inornata. Further, these patterns are also consistent with two independent evolutionarily significant units within C. c. figginsi. Our findings suggest coevolutionary relationships between the reptile hosts, their ectoparasites, and rickettsial organisms, suggesting local adaptation. This work also speaks to the limitations of using neutral molecular markers from a single focal taxon as the sole currency for recognizing evolutionary novelty in populations of endangered species.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Adaptation potential of Neotropical montane oaks to drought events: wood anatomy sensitivity in Quercus delgadoana and Quercus meavei

Climate and local water availability are major evolutionary drivers of adaptive variation and plasticity in the hydraulic architecture of Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) tree species. Between-year xylem vessel variability is key to understanding the adaptation potential of wood anatomy of trees to drought. How wood anatomical features have been influenced by the typical TMCF climate and how tree species persist in these environments remain open questions, particularly in the context of predicted extreme climate events in the future. Here, we evaluated the effects of changes in temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration during drought events on ring-width and anatomical vessel traits (hydraulic diameter, vessel density, vessel grouping index, and vulnerability index) for two relict endemic and threatened oak species (Quercus delgadoana and Q. meavei) from a Mexican TMCF. The study species differed in their functional and ecological vessel anatomical traits, and their wood anatomical differences are related to specific environmental requirements. However, the Ring Width Indices (RWI) calculated for these species indicate that both have high resistance and recovery, and thus high resilience to drought events. Ring-width and vessel functional traits show differences in the between-year variability of xylem traits associated with the hydraulic efficiency of these oak species, which is crucial to understanding how they avoid drought-induced embolism and cavitation in vessel conduits. These results provide evidence for the existence of specific hydraulic systems that determine functional wood anatomy in response to climatic variation and drought in the study species. Further research assessing the wood anatomical adaptation to different climatic variables and identifying the xylem functional traits that underlie these adaptations, along with the mechanism allowing tree species persistence in these environments, is essential to gain insight into the responses of TMCF to future drought events.

ClinicalTrials.gov32/100

Potentiation of the Effects of Prismatic Adaptation by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) : Evaluation of Functional Interest in Negligence Rehabilitation

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02213640. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →