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100 results for “agricultural land”
Similarity between agricultural and natural land covers shapes how biodiversity responds to agricultural expansion at landscape scales
<p><span>The impact of agriculture on biodiversity depends on the extent and types of agriculture and the degree to which agricultural land contrasts with the natural ecosystem. Most research on the latter comes from studies on the influence of different agricultural types within a single ecosystem with far less study on how the natural ecosystem context shapes the response of biodiversity to agricultural production. We used citizen science data from agricultural areas in Canada's Eastern Hardwood-Boreal (forest ecosystem, n=108 landscapes) and Prairie Pothole (prairie ecosystem, n=99) regions to examine how ecosystem context shapes the response of avian species diversity, functional diversity and abundance to the amount of arable crop and pastoral agriculture at landscape scales. Avian surveys were conducted along 8km transects of Breeding Bird Survey routes with land cover assembled within a 20km2 landscape around each transect. The amount of agriculture at which species diversity peaked differed between the forest (15%) and prairie (51%) ecosystems, indicating that fewer species tolerated the expansion of agriculture in the former. In both ecosystems, functional diversity initially increased with agriculture and peaked at higher amounts (forest: 42%, prairie: 77 %) than species diversity suggesting that functional redundancy was lost first as agriculture increased. Species turnover with increasing agriculture was primarily among functional groups in forest where a shift from a low to a high agriculture landscape led to a decline in the percent of the community represented by Neotropical migrants, insectivores, upper foliage gleaners and bark foragers, and an increase in the percent of the community represented by short-distance migrants, granivores, omnivores and ground gleaners. There were few distinct shifts in the percent of the community represented by different functional groups in the prairie ecosystem. Total abundance was the least sensitive measure examined in both ecosystems and indicated that species losses with agriculture are likely followed by numerical compensation from agriculture tolerant species. Our results highlight the importance of ecosystem context for understanding how biodiversity is affected by agricultural production with declines in diversity occurring at lower agricultural extents in ecosystems with lower similarity between natural and agricultural land covers. These findings allow for more specific conservation recommendations including managing for species intolerant to agriculture in prairie ecosystems and limiting the expansion of high contrast agriculture and the loss of semi-natural habitat, such as hedge rows, in historically forested ecosystems.</span></p>
Data from: A nation-wide survey of neonicotinoid insecticides in agricultural land with implications for agri-environment schemes
1. Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides globally. However, the link between farming practices and the extent of contamination of soils and crops by neonicotinoid insecticides, as well as and the extent of such contamination in organic fields and ecological focus areas (EFAs) are currently unclear. 2. We measured the concentrations of five neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, acetamiprid) in 702 soil and plant samples in 169 cultivated fields and EFAs from 62 conventional, integrated production and organic farms distributed over the entire lowland of Switzerland. 3. We detected neonicotinoids in 93% of organic soils and crops, and more than 80% of EFA soils and plants – two types of arable land supposedly free of insecticides. We also tested 16 samples of organic seeds, of which 14 were positive for neonicotinoids. 4. Finally, we calculated hazard quotients (HQs) and potentially affected fractions for 72 beneficial and 12 pest species. Under a field-realistic scenario, we found that between 5.3 and 8.6% of above-ground invertebrate species may be exposed to lethal concentrations of clothianidin, and 31.6 to 41.2% to sublethal concentrations, in "integrated production" and conventional fields. We also found that 1.3 to 6.8% (up to 12.5% based on HQs) of the beneficial invertebrate species may be exposed to sublethal concentrations of neonicotinoids in EFAs and organic fields. In contrast, no pest species would be exposed to lethal concentrations, even under a worst-case scenario. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that diffuse contamination by neonicotinoids may harm a significant fraction of non-target beneficial species. The use of neonicotinoids on crops may threaten biodiversity in refuge areas, while also potentially jeopardizing the practice of organic farming by impeding the biological control of pests. Based on our results, we call for a reduction in the dispersion and overuse of neonicotinoid insecticides in order to prevent any detrimental effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services associated with agroecosystems.
IMPROVING THE MECHANISM OF INCREASING THE SYNERGIC EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF LAND AND WATER RESOURCES IN AGRICULTURE
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Household Survey - Impacts of large-scale land acquisitions on smallholder agriculture and livelihoods in Tanzania
<p><strong>** Article & Dataset Currently Under Review **</strong></p> <p><strong>Dataset Overview</strong></p> <p>Our household dataset is associated with a pre-print article "Impacts of large-scale land acquisitions on smallholder agriculture and livelihoods in Tanzania". The household survey is designed for the purposes of policy evaluation with selection of households based on proximity to large-scale land acquisitions (treatment) and a set of households in similar socio-ecological contexts with no association to large-scale land acquisitions (control). Households were selected as a random sample in 35 villages surrounding LSLAs who provided responses to a questionnaire covering household income, assets, farming practices, health, food-security, and energy-use. </p> <p>Two datasets are provided. First, the "hh_dataset_rep.csv" providing household responses for variables used in this study. Second, the "hh_crops_rep.csv" provides detail on crops cultivated by each household, self-reported yields and farm-gate prices. Each variable is described in the "variable_descriptoin.xlsx". In addition to the datasets, we provide replication code for this study "lsla_mechanisms_rep.Rmd" as an R-Markdown file.</p> <p><strong>Article Abstract</strong></p> <p>Improving agricultural productivity is a major sustainability challenge of the 21<sup>st</sup> century. Large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs) have important effects on both well-being and the environment in the Global South, but their impacts on agricultural productivity and subsequent effects on farm incomes or food-security are under-investigated. Prior studies lack data or methods to investigate the mechanistic nature of household change in agricultural practices that may vary due to LSLA conditions. To overcome this challenge, we use a novel household dataset and a quasi-experimental design to estimate household level changes in agricultural value driven by LSLAs in Tanzania. In addition, we use a causal mediation analysis to assess how contract farming arrangements, land loss, and adoption of new farming technologies around LSLAs influence agricultural productivity. We find that households near LSLAs produced 19.2% (95% CI: 3.5 – 37.2%) higher agricultural value, primarily due to increased crop prices and farmer selection of high-value crops. Importantly, effect sizes are positively and negatively mediated by different mechanisms. The presence of contract farming explains 18.1% (95% CI: 0.56%, 47%) of the effect size in agricultural value, whereas land loss reduces agricultural value by 26.8% (95% CI: -71.3%, -4.0%). We also estimate whether improvements in food-security and household incomes occur in proximity to LSLAs, as anticipated with higher agricultural value. However, we do not find increases in agricultural income and food security, which may be due to higher crop prices in proximity to LSLAs. Our results stand in contrast to assumptions that technological spillovers occur through LSLAs and are principal drivers of agrarian change, holding important implications for agricultural transformations. Instead access to output markets through contract farming enables greater agricultural value whereas land loss negatively affects the agricultural value of households. Governance strategies should focus on limiting negative impacts related to the loss of smallholder land rights enabling greater access to contract farming.</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary data: "Evaluación de Tierras: Elaboración de un modelo de aptitud de uso agrícola para Kernza (Thinopyrum intermedium) en agroecosistemas con distinto grado de artificialización en el Partido de Azul, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina"/"Land Evaluation: an agricultural suitability model for Kernza (Thinopyrum intermedium) in agroecosystems with different land uses intensities in Azul distric, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
<p>This is the data generated for the achievement of the objectives of my thesis and publications.</p>
Supplementary data: "Evaluación de Tierras: Elaboración de un modelo de aptitud de uso agrícola para Kernza (Thinopyrum intermedium) en agroecosistemas con distinto grado de artificialización en el Partido de Azul, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina" (II) /"Land Evaluation: an agricultural suitability model for Kernza (Thinopyrum intermedium) in agroecosystems with different land uses intensities in Azul distric, Buenos Aires, Argentina. (II)
<p>Decision trees for the land suitability model for Kernza.</p>
The environmental indicators and soil particle size of lakeside agricultural land vadose zone soil
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Figure 2 in Species diversity of soil mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) under different agricultural land use types
Figure 2. Ordination bi-plot of the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) for Mesostigmata. Environmental variable organic matter (OM). For abbreviations of mite species see Table 5.
Multiple Benefits from Agricultural and Natural Land Covers in the Central Valley, CA
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Data from: Governance, agricultural intensification and land sparing in tropical South America
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Data from: A nation-wide survey of neonicotinoid insecticides in agricultural land with implications for agri-environment schemes
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Data from: Land use types influenced avian assemblage structure in a forest–agriculture landscape in Ghana
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Similarity between agricultural and natural land covers shapes how biodiversity responds to agricultural expansion at landscape scales
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Waldock et al. 2020 Ecography: Insect occurrence in agricultural land-uses depends on realized niche and geographic range properties
<p>This file contains the site-level data from the PREDICTS database, code to develop environmental niche estimates for species from GBIF occurrences, and all statistical analysis investigating the role of species environmental niches in determining occupancy in agro-ecosystems used in the publication: Waldock et al. 2020 Ecography.</p>
PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS AND FUNDS OF FARMERS, HOUSING AND LAND MANAGEMENT IN UZBEKISTAN, DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT USAGE OF SYSTEM OF THE AGRICULTURE
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Data from: The impact of income, land, and wealth inequality on agricultural expansion in Latin America
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Global Agricultural Lands: Croplands, 2000
The Global Croplands data set represents the proportion of land areas used as cropland (land used for the cultivation of food) in the year 2000. Satellite data from Modetate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) Image Vegetation sensors were combined with agricultural inventory data to create a global data set. The visual presentation of these data demonstrates the extent to which human land use for agriculture has changed the Earth and in which areas this change is most intense. The data were compiled by Navin Ramankutty et al. (2008) and distributed by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Global Agricultural Lands: Pastures, 2000
The Global Pastures data set represents the proportion of land areas used as pasture land (land used to support grazing animals) in the year 2000. Satellite data from Modetate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) Image Vegetation sensors were combined with agricultural inventory data to create a global data set. The visual presentation of these data demonstrates the extent to which human land use for agriculture has changed the Earth and in which areas this change is most intense. The data were compiled by Navin Ramankutty et al. (2008) and distributed by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
SELECTED PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT AGRICULTURAL LAND-USE TYPES IN ILE-IFE, NIGERIA
<p>The study examined changes in soil properties under different agricultural land-use types. This is with the view to extending knowledge on the nature of soil properties under long-term land-use practices. Six land-use types were considered; paddock, continuously cropped, secondary forest, teak, oil palm and cacao plantations. Soil strength and saturated hydraulic conductivity were determined at two soil depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) in-situ. Soil samples were collected to determine particle size distribution, bulk density, aggregate stability, pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen and available phosphorus.</p>
The biodiversity of birch stands in agricultural landscapes of Estonia is associated with past land use, restoration approach, site and landscape variables
<p>The dataset includes vascular plant, bryophyte and lichen species data and environmental data collected from 33 birch stands in Estonia representing three stand types with different restoration approach (birch plantations on previous agricultural land, naturally regenerated stands on previous agricultural land and birch stands on native forest land).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.