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107 results for “assortative mating”
Data from: Female assortative mate choice functionally validates synthesized male odors of evolving river-lake stickleback ecotypes
During mate choice decisions, females of many vertebrates use male olfactory cues to achieve immunogenetic optimality of their offspring. Three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populating habitats that differ in their parasite communities evolve locally adapted combinations of genetic variants encoded at the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Such adaptation confers optimal resistance to the local parasite fauna. Immunogenetic signatures co-evolved with local parasites favor population-specific assortative mate choice behaviour. Previous studies have shown that female sticklebacks evaluate male MHC-associated olfactory cues during the process of mate choice, but how habitat-specific information is exchanged between males and females has remained elusive. Here, we directly demonstrate the molecular nature of the olfactory cue providing habitat-specific information. Under controlled laboratory conditions females that are ready to mate prefer mixtures of synthetic MHC peptide ligands mimicking the optimal allele number of their original population. These results imply that female sticklebacks can determine the number of MHC alleles of their prospective mates, compare it to their own immunogenetic status, and, if optimal with respect to the immunogenetic complementarity, accept the male as mate. Our results suggest a potentially common mechanism of ecological speciation in vertebrates that is based on the olfactory assessment of habitat-specific immunogenetic diversity.
Data from: Sexual selection and assortative mating: an experimental test
Mate choice and mate competition can both influence the evolution of sexual isolation between populations. Assortative mating may arise if traits and preferences diverge in step, and, alternatively, mate competition may counteract mating preferences and decrease assortative mating. Here, we examine potential assortative mating between populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura that have experimentally evolved under either increased ('polyandry') or decreased ('monogamy') sexual selection intensity for 100 generations. These populations have evolved differences in numerous traits, including a male signal and female preference traits. We use a two males: one female design, allowing both mate choice and competition to influence mating outcomes, to test for assortative mating between our populations. Mating latency shows subtle effects of male and female interactions, with females from the monogamous populations appearing reluctant to mate with males from the polyandrous populations. However, males from the polyandrous populations have a significantly higher probability of mating regardless of the female's population. Our results suggest that if populations differ in the intensity of sexual selection, effects on mate competition may overcome mate choice.
Data from: Assortative mating by an obliquely transmitted local cultural trait promotes genetic divergence: a model
The effect of learned culture (e.g., birdsong dialects and human languages) on genetic divergence is unclear. Previous theoretical research suggests that because oblique learning allows phenotype transmission from individuals with no offspring to an unrelated individual in the next generation, the effect of sexual selection on the learned trait is masked. However, I propose that migration and spatially constrained learning can form statistical associations between cultural and genetic traits, which may allow selection on the cultural traits to indirectly affect the genetic traits. Here, I build a population genetic model that allows such statistical associations to form, and find that sexual selection and divergent selection on the cultural trait can indeed help maintain genetic divergence through such statistical associations, while selection against genetic hybrids does not affect cultural trait divergence. Furthermore, I find that even when the cultural trait changes over time due to drift and mutation, it can still help maintain genetic divergence. These results suggest the role of obliquely transmitted traits in evolution may be underrated, and the lack of one-to-one associations between cultural and genetic traits may not be sufficient to disprove the role of culture in genetic divergence.
Data from: Assortative mating in animals and its role for speciation
Evolutionary theory predicts that assortative mating – the tendency of similar individuals to mate with each other – plays a key role for speciation by generating reproductive isolation between diverging populations. However, comprehensive tests for an effect of assortative mating on species richness at the macro-evolutionary scale are lacking. We used a meta-analytic approach to test the hypothesis that the strength of assortative mating is positively related to species richness across a broad range of animal taxa. Specifically, we ran a phylogenetically independent meta-analysis using an extensive database of 1447 effect sizes for the strength of assortative mating measured within populations, encompassing 307 species from 130 families and 14 classes. Our results suggest that there is no relationship between the strength of assortative mating and species richness across and within major taxonomic groups and trait categories. Moreover, our analysis confirms an earlier finding that animals typically mate assortatively (global effect size r = 0.36; 95% confidence limits: 0.19 − 0.52) when accounting for phylogenetic non-independence. In conclusion, we argue that future advances will rely on a better understanding of the evolutionary causes and consequences of the observed intra- and interspecific variation in the strength of assortative mating.
Data from: Assortative mating counteracts the evolution of dispersal polymorphisms
Polymorphic dispersal strategies are found in many plant and animal species. An important question is how the genetic variation underlying such polymorphisms is maintained. Numerous mechanisms have been discussed, including kin competition or frequency-dependent selection. In the context of sympatric speciation events genetic and phenotypic variation is often assumed to be preserved by assortative mating. Thus, recently, this has been advocated as a possible mechanism leading to the evolution of dispersal polymorphisms. Here, we examine the role of assortative mating for the evolution of trade-off driven dispersal polymorphisms by modelling univoltine insect species in a metapopulation. We show that assortative mating does not favour the evolution of polymorphisms. On the contrary, assortative mating favours the evolution of an intermediate dispersal type and a uni-modal distribution of traits within populations. As an alternative mechanism dominance may explain the occurrence of two discrete morphs.
Assortative mating for between-patch dispersal status in a wild bird population: Exploring the role of direct and indirect underlying mechanisms
<p><span>Previous studies have reported functional integration between dispersal and other phenotypic traits allowing individuals to alleviate dispersal costs, and such associations can affect dispersal evolution in return. In sexually reproducing species, assortative mating according to dispersal can shape the maintenance of such trait associations. Despite the potentially crucial consequences of dispersal in natural populations, assortative mating for dispersal and its underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we assessed assortative mating for between-patch dispersal status in a fragmented population of a small passerine bird, the collared flycatcher, and explored whether such assortative mating could result from (i) direct mate choice based on dispersal-related behavioural (aggressiveness and boldness) and morphological traits (tarsus and wing length), (ii) biased mating due to spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the distribution of dispersal phenotypes and/or (iii) post-mating adjustment of dispersal phenotype or dispersal-related traits. We found intrinsic assortative mating (i.e. positive among-pair correlation) for current dispersal status (in the year of mating) but not for natal dispersal status, even though we could not exclude it due to limited power. We also found assortative mating for boldness and age category (yearlings vs. older adults), and the probability for pair members to be assorted for current dispersal status was higher when both pair members were of similar boldness score and of the same age compared to mixed-age pairs. Mate choice based on boldness and age thus appears as a possible mechanism underlying assortative mating for dispersal status. Our analyses however remained correlative and only an experimental manipulation of these traits could allow inferring causal links. Non-random mating for dispersal-related traits may affect the evolution of dispersal syndromes in this population. More work is nevertheless needed to fully assess the evolutionary implications of age- and behaviour-based assortative mating for dispersal.</span></p>
Data Repository Assortative mate choice in Heliothis subflexa females in response to Ophryocystis elektroscirrha-like
<p>The repository of data gathered during the bachelor project.</p>
Data from: Female assortative mate choice functionally validates synthesized male odors of evolving river-lake stickleback ecotypes
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Data from: Multiple mating reveals complex patterns of assortative mating by personality and body size
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Data from: Experimental swap of Anopheles gambiae's assortative mating preferences demonstrates key role of X-chromosome divergence island in incipient sympatric speciation.
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Data from: Experimental evolution: assortative mating and sexual selection, independent of local adaptation, lead to reproductive isolation in the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei
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Data from: Sexual conflict and intrasexual polymorphism promote assortative mating and halts population differentiation
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Assortative mating for between-patch dispersal status in a wild bird population: Exploring the role of direct and indirect underlying mechanisms
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Data from: Scrutinizing assortative mating in birds
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Data from: Assortative mating counteracts the evolution of dispersal polymorphisms
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Data from: Assortative mating by colored ornaments in blue tits: space and time matter
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Data from: Sexual selection and assortative mating: an experimental test
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Data from: Assortative mating by an obliquely transmitted local cultural trait promotes genetic divergence: a model
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Data from: Flexible mate choice may contribute to ecotype assortative mating in pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus)
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Data from: The rarity of size-assortative mating in animals: assessing the evidence with anuran amphibians
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