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308 results for “bromeliads”
Figures 65–74 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species
Figures 65–74. Adult Copestylum, male genitalia; right- and left-hand figures scale line = 0.50 mm, for middle column figures, left-hand scale line = 0.85 mm. 65–68. Copestylum albertoi sp. nov., male holotype: 65. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 66. hypandrium, ventral view; 67. surstylus, ventral view, 68. postanal plate, ventral view. 69–71. Copestylum conabioi sp. nov., male holotype: 69. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 70. hypandrium, ventral view; 71. surstylus, ventral view. 72–74. Copestylum tapia sp. nov., male holotype: 72. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 73. hypandrium, ventral view; 74. surstylus, ventral view.
Figures 47–52 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species
Figures 47–52. Adult Copestylum, male genitalia; right- and left-hand figures scale line = 0. 50 mm, for middle column figures, left-hand scale line = 0.85 mm. 47–49. Copestylum boqueronense sp. nov., male holotype: 47. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 48. hypandrium, ventral view; 49. surstylus, ventral view. 50– 52. Copestylum triunfense sp. nov., male holotype; 50. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 51. hypandrium, ventral view; 52. surstylus, ventral view.
Data from: Drivers of bromeliad leaf and floral bract variation across a latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic Forest
<p>Aim: Understanding the complex interaction and relative contributions of factors involved in species and trait diversification is crucial to gain insights into the evolution of Neotropical biodiversity. Here, we investigated the drivers of morphological variation in bromeliads along a latitudinal gradient in a biodiversity hotspot.</p> <p>Location: Atlantic Forest, Brazil.</p> <p>Taxon: A species complex in the genus Vriesea (Bromeliaceae).</p> <p>Methods: We measured shape and size variation for 208 floral bracts and 176 leaves in individuals from 14 localities using geometric morphometrics. We compiled data for two chloroplast regions (matK and trnL-F) from 89 individuals to assess genetic diversity, population structure and phylogenetic relationships. We tested the influence of climate, altitude and genetic distance on morphological traits using linear statistical models.</p> <p>Results: Temperature seasonality is a main driver of floral bract shape. Together with precipitation, it also explains changes in leaf size across the latitudinal gradient. Shifts in morphological traits are correlated with genetic structure and partly support the recent taxonomic delimitation proposed for the species complex. The species started to diversify in the Pliocene ca. 5 Mya. We detected a phylogeographic break in species distribution into northern and southern clades between the Bocaina region and the southern portion of the Atlantic Forest.</p> <p>Main conclusions: We identify how geography and environmental changes through time shape floral bracts and leaves in similar ways. At highly seasonal sites with lower annual precipitation (in the southern subtropical portion of the Atlantic Forest), leaves are larger and floral bracts are wide-elliptic, making them better suited for increased water accumulation. In contrast, at less seasonal sites (in the tropical north, where rainfall is more abundant and temperatures are higher), leaves are narrower and floral bracts are lanceolate-shaped, facilitating water drainage. The biogeographical break we identified suggests a role of tectonic activity and climatic oscillations in promoting species divergence and diversification.</p>
Figure 14 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 14. Psilocladus costae sp. nov. Immature bioluminescence. (A) Larva (dorsal); (B) pupa (ventral). Length: larva = 18 mm; pupa = 7 mm.
Figure 13 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 13. Psilocladus costae sp. nov. Pupal habitus. (A) Dorsal; (B) lateral; (C) ventral. Scale bar: = 2 mm.
Figure 12 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 12. Psilocladus costae sp. nov. Larval head morphology. (A) Head, dorsal; (B) maxillolabial complex, ventral; (C) epipharynx; (D) hypopharynx; (E) left antenna (ventral, dorsal); (F) mandible (ventral, dorsal). Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C, D = 0.25 mm; E, F = 0.5 mm.
Figure 11 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 11. Psilocladus costae sp. nov. Larval morphology. (A-C) Head (dorsal, lateral, ventral); (D) right anterior, middle and posterior legs (from top to bottom, ventral); (E) left laterotergites VI-VII; (F) abdominal terga VI-IX. Scale bars: A-C, E, F = 1 mm; D = 2 mm.
Figure 10 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 10. Psilocladus costae sp. nov. Mature larval habitus. (A) Dorsal; (B) lateral; (C) ventral. Scale bar: = 2 mm.
Figure 7 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 7. Psilocladus costae sp. nov.Terminal segments and aedeagus of male. (A) SternumVIII; (B) pygidium; (C) syntergite; (D) sternum IX; (E-G) aedeagus (dorsal, lateral and ventral). Scale bar: = 1 mm.
Figure 9 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 9. Psilocladus costae sp. nov. Adult female morphology. (A-E) Head; (A) dorsal; (B) ventral; (C) frontal; (D) occipital; (E) lateral; (F) left antenna (dorsal); (G) sternum VIII; (H) pygidium; (I, J) ovipositor (dorsal, ventral), arrow indicates stylus. Scale bars: A-E = 1 mm; F-I = 2 mm.
Figure 5 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 5. Psilocladus costae sp. nov. Thorax morphology of adult male. (A-E) Prothorax: (A) dorsal; (B) ventral; (C) frontal; (D) posterior; (E) lateral; (F-I) pterothorax, (F) dorsal; (G) lateral; (H) dorsoventral. Scale bar: = 2 mm.
Figure 4 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 4. Psilocladus costae sp. nov. Head morphology of adult male. (A-F) Head; (A) dorsal; (B) ventral; (C) lateral; (D) frontal; (E) occipital; (F) posterior; (G) left antenna (dorsal). Scale bar: = 1 mm.
Figure 3 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 3. Psilocladus costae sp. nov. Adult male habitus. (A) Dorsal; (B) lateral; (C) ventral. Scale bar: = 2 mm.
Figure 8 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 8. Psilocladus costae sp. nov. Adult female habitus. (A) Dorsal; (B) ventral. Scale bar: = 5 mm.
Figure 2 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 2. Psilocladus costae sp. nov. Live larvae. (A, B) Larva on bromeliad leaf blades (dorsal); (C) larva on a detached innermost leaf sheath of bromeliad rosette. Length of larva: 20 mm.
Figure 1 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 1. Psilocladus costae sp. nov. Habitat at Campos do Jordão, São Paulo. (A) Legal reserve along deforested area; (B, C) canopy bromeliads; (D) fallen bromeliads Vriesea bituminosa.
Figure 6 in Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Psilocladinae), the first known bromeliad-inhabiting firefly
Figure 6. Psilocladus costae sp. nov. Thoracic appendages of adult male. (A-C) Left legs, ventral (anterior, middle and posterior, respectively); (D-F) elytron (dorsal, lateral and ventral); (G) left wing. Scale bar: 2 mm.
Allometric equations for some aquatic macroinvertebrates found in tank bromeliads at Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba
<p>This file contains allometric equations for the most abundant aquatic macroinvertebrates found in tank bromeliads. The allometric equations were obtained by measuring the body size (length) of each individual and them drying and weighting each one individually.</p> <p>There are relationships between body size (mm) and dry mass (mg) for species as well as for Genera or Family of the aquatic macroinvertebrates.</p> <p>For more information one these equations, please contact the author.</p>
Bromeliad populations perform distinct ecological strategies across a tropical elevation gradient
<ol> <li>The effect of environmental gradients on the remarkable diversity of mountain-associated plants and on the species' abilities to cope with climate change transcends species-specific strategies. For instance, our understanding of the impact of thermal gradients on ecological divergences in populations of widely distributed species is limited, although it could provide important insights regarding species' response to climate change.</li> <li>Here, we investigated whether populations of an endemic species broadly distributed across an elevation gradient employ unique or multiple divergent ecological strategies according to specific environmental conditions. We hypothesized that populations employ distinct strategies, producing a tolerance-avoidance trade-off related to the thermal conditions they experience across elevations.</li> <li>We conducted our research with 125 individuals of <em>Pitcairnia</em> <em>flammea</em> (Bromeliaceae) sampled from various elevations spanning from sea level to ~2,200 meters and cultivated under the same conditions. To assess specific ecological strategies of <em>P. flammea</em> populations across elevations, we examined leaf temperature, heat and cold tolerances, as well as other structural/morphological, optical, physiological, and biochemical leaf traits.</li> <li>We majorly observed that water-saving traits diminish as elevation increases while membrane fluidity, majorly associated with unsaturated and very-long-chain lipids, enhances. Low-elevation individuals of <em>P. flammea</em> invest in water storage tissues, which likely prevent excessive water loss through the intense transpiration rates under warming periods. Conversely, high-elevation plants exhibit increased membrane fluidity, a possible response to the stiffening induced by low temperature.</li> <li>Our results revealed a tolerance-avoidance trade-off related to thermal strategies of populations distributed across an elevation gradient. Low-elevation plants avoid excessive leaf temperature by investing in water-saving traits to maintain transpiration rates. High-elevation individuals, in turn, tend to invest in membrane properties to tolerate thermal variations, particularly cold events.</li> <li>Our findings challenge the conventional notion that plants' vulnerability to warming depends on species-specific thermal tolerance by showing diverse thermal strategies on populations across an elevation gradient.</li> </ol>
Biogeography of different life forms of the southernmost neotropical tank bromeliad
<p class="material"><span><span><b>Aim:</b><i> </i>Factors affecting bromeliad distribution depend on the life forms of the studied species, some could grow as terrestrial, saxicolous, or epiphytic depending on the type of habitat. We analyzed the distribution patterns of the life forms of a bromeliad species on different biogeographic domains and associated them with environmental variables and vegetation types. </span></span><span><span><b>Location:</b><i> </i>Chaquenian, Amazonian, and Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest domains; South America. </span></span><span><span><b>Taxon:</b><i> </i>The tank bromeliad <i>Aechmea distichantha </i>(Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae). </span></span><span><span><b>Methods:</b> We compiled records of the biogeographic distribution and the vegetation types where <i>Aechmea distichantha</i> occurs based on bibliographic data, digital datasets, herbaria, and personal observations. We associated the distributional records of this species with altitude, five selected bioclimatic variables, four soil variables, and with the vegetation types where it occurs. </span></span><span><span><b>Results: </b><i>Aechmea distichantha</i> has been recorded as epiphytic, terrestrial, and saxicolous in all biogeographic domains, but showed contrasting patterns in life form proportions among them. In the Amazonian domain, characterized by evergreen tropical and subtropical forests with high precipitation, it mainly grows as epiphytic. In the Chaquenian domain, dominated by xerophytic forests with low rainfall, high soil pH, and base saturation, it mainly grows as terrestrial, whereas in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest domain the three life forms were recorded in similar proportions. In azonal plant communities of all domains, it mainly grows as saxicolous. </span></span><span><span><b>Main conclusions: </b>This tank bromeliad species can thrive in sites with contrasting habitat and environmental conditions. Its ability to survive in different environments could be associated with its high frost tolerance, the presence of the CAM photosynthetic pathway, a well-developed phytotelma, and high phenotypic plasticity. The life form prevailing in each domain is influenced by water availability (<i>i.e.</i> the quantity of water available during each year, the precipitation in the driest month, and the plant water supply relative to demand). </span></span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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