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opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Data from: Reduced fire severity offers near-term buffer to climate-driven declines in conifer resilience across the western United States

The combination of increasing fire-caused tree mortality and warmer, drier post-fire conditions is making forests in the western United States (West) vulnerable to ecological transformation. Yet, the relative importance of and interactions between these drivers of forest change remain unresolved, particularly over upcoming decades. Here we assess how the interactive impacts of changing climate and wildfire activity influenced conifer regeneration after 334 wildfires, using a novel dataset of post-fire conifer regeneration from 10,230 field plots. Our findings highlight declining regeneration capacity across the West over the past four decades for the eight dominant conifer species studied. Post-fire regeneration is sensitive to high-severity fire, which limits seed availability, and post-fire climate, which influences seedling establishment and survival. In the near-term, projected differences in recruitment probability between low- and high-severity fire scenarios were larger than projected impacts of climate change for most species, suggesting that reductions in fire severity, and resultant impacts on seed availability, could partially offset expected climate-driven declines in post-fire regeneration. Across 40–42% of the study area, we project post-fire conifer regeneration to be likely following low-severity but not high-severity fire under future climate scenarios (2031–2050). However, increasingly warm, dry climate conditions are projected to eventually outweigh the influence of fire severity and seed availability. The percent of the study area considered unlikely to experience conifer regeneration, regardless of fire severity, increased from 5% in 1981–2000 to 26–31% by mid-century, highlighting a limited time window over which management actions that reduce fire severity may effectively support post-fire conifer regeneration.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Datasets and analysis for: Microclimatic buffering in forest, agricultural and urban landscapes through the lens of a grass-feeding insect

Using this dataset, we aimed to identify the microclimatic offsets that accurately represent the environment in which a small arthropod spends most of its life. As a case study, we selected grassy sites that corresponded to the microhabitat of grass-feeding insects in general, and larvae of the butterfly Pararge aegeria in particular, as this insect recently expanded its habitat use from forest (edges) to agricultural and urban environments. We tested to what extent local microclimates and microclimatic buffering capacity differed between tufts of grass in forest and in two anthropogenic (i.e. agricultural and urban) landscape settings by measuring microclimatic variables with sensors at the level of the grasses. We compared temperature, relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) during an exceptionally warm and dry summer period with parallel data from weather stations and tested for differences between microclimatic profiles among the three landscape settings. Using this approach, our findings stress the functional implications of landscape-specific microclimatic profiles at the appropriate organism-centred scale.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Dataset: Corridor quality buffers extinction under extreme droughts in experimental metapopulations

Corridors with good-quality habitats maintain the spatial dynamics of metapopulations by promoting dispersal between habitat patches, potentially buffering populations and communities against continued global change. However, this function is threatened by habitats becoming increasingly fragmented, and habitat matrices becoming increasingly inhospitable, potentially reducing the resilience and persistence of populations. Yet, we lack a clear understanding of how reduced corridor quality interacts with rates of environmental change to destabilise populations. Using laboratory microcosms containing metapopulations of the Collembola Folsomia candida, we investigate the impact of corridor quality on metapopulation persistence under a range of simulated droughts, a key stressor for this species. We manipulated both drought severity and the number of patches affected by drought across landscapes connected by either good or poor-quality corridors. We measured the time of metapopulation extinction, the maximum rate of metapopulation decline, and the variability of abundance among patches as criteria to evaluate the persistence ability of metapopulations. We show that whilst drought severity negatively influenced the time of metapopulation extinction and the increase in drought patches caused metapopulation decline, these results were mitigated by good quality corridors, which increased metapopulation persistence time and decreased both how fast metapopulations declined and the inter-patch variability in abundances. Our results suggest that enhancing corridor quality can increase the persistence of metapopulations, increasing the time available for conservation actions to take effect, and/or for species to adapt or move in the face of continued stress. Given that fragmentation increases the isolation of habitats, improving the quality of habitat corridors may provide a useful strategy to enhance the resistance of spatially structured populations.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Organismal effects of heat in a fixed ecological niche: Implications on the role of behavioral buffering in our changing world

Increasingly frequent and intense heatwaves generate new challenges for many organisms. Our understanding of the ecological predictors of thermal vulnerability is improving, yet, at least in endotherms, we are still only beginning to understand one critical component of predicting resilience: exactly how do wild animals cope with sub-lethal heat? In wild endotherms, most prior work focuses on one or a few traits, leaving uncertainty about organismal consequences of heatwaves. Here, we experimentally generated a 2.8 °C heatwave for free-living nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Over a week-long period coinciding with the peak of post-natal growth, we quantified a suite of traits to test the hypotheses that (a) behavioral or (b) physiological responses may be sufficient for coping with inescapable heat. Heat-exposed nestlings increased panting and decreased huddling, but treatment effects on panting dissipated over time, even though heat-induced temperatures remained elevated. Physiologically, we found no effects of heat on: gene expression of three heat shock proteins in blood, muscle, and three brain regions; secretion of circulating corticosterone at baseline or in response to handling; and telomere length. Moreover, heat had a positive effect on growth and a marginal, but not significant, positive effect on subsequent recruitment. These results suggest that nestlings were generally buffered from deleterious effects of heat, with one exception: heat-exposed nestlings exhibited lower gene expression for superoxide dismutase, a key antioxidant defense. Despite this one apparent cost, our thorough organismal investigation indicates general resilience to a heatwave that may, in part, stem from behavioral buffering and acclimation. Our approach provides a mechanistic framework that we hope will improve understanding of species persistence in the face of climate change.

zenodo36/100

300 K time-resolved photoluminescence on sample set- Buffer temperature series-Sample C3206

Raw data of time-resolved photoluminescence measurements on the sample C3206 (buffer grown at 870 °C) in the buffer temperature sample set

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Buffered vs. Unbuffered Local Anesthesia in Mandibular Molars Diagnosed With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05227300. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.

Combination of Buffered Anesthetic to Treat Mandibular Molars

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06047366. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.

Efficacy of Buffered Lidocaine in Patients With Facial Swelling

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01981772. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 25.

Jet Injection of 1% Buffered Lidocaine Versus Topical EMLA for Local Anesthesia Before Lumbar Puncture in Children

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01628874. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 13.

Comparison of Pain of Conventional to Buffered Local Anesthesia During Injection in Pediatric Dental Patients

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01622296. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.

Buffered Lidocaine in Paracervical Blocks

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03107754. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 11.

Effect of Buffered Numbing Solution on Patients With Toothaches

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01868776. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.

Testing the Anesthetic Effectiveness of Buffered Articaine Injected Next to a Lower First Molar.

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01862614. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.

Exercise as a Buffer Against Stress-induced Overeating

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02936076. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Clinical Outcomes of Buffered vs. Non-Buffered Lidocaine

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02620683. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Buffered Lidocaine in the Pediatric Dental Patient

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04055116. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.

Buffered Lidocaine for Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedures (LEEPs)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01405768. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.

publicDec 2021View details →

Buffering lidocaine heightens aversion to cornual nerve injections in dairy calves

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publicApr 2024View details →

Time and spatially-resolved Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectromicroscopy of cellulose in buffered reactions with Trichoderma reesei Cel7A

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