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123 results for “carbon cycling”
Data from: Trophic interactions regulate peatland carbon cycling
<p>Peatlands are the most efficient natural ecosystems for long-term storage of atmospheric carbon. Our understanding of peatland carbon cycling is based entirely on bottom-up controls regulated by low nutrient availability. Recent studies have shown that top-down controls through predator-prey dynamics can influence ecosystem function, yet this has not been evaluated in peatlands to date. Here, we used a combination of nutrient enrichment and trophic-level manipulation to test the hypothesis that interactions between nutrient availability (bottom-up) and predation (top-down) influence peatland carbon fluxes. Elevated nutrients stimulated bacterial biomass and organic matter decomposition. In the absence of top-down regulation, carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) respiration driven by greater decomposition was offset by elevated algal productivity. Herbivores accelerated CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by removing algal biomass, while predators indirectly reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by muting herbivory in a trophic cascade. This study demonstrates that trophic interactions can mitigate CO<sub>2</sub> emissions associated with elevated nutrient levels in northern peatlands.</p>
Data from: Coastal darkening substantially limits the contribution of kelp to coastal carbon cycles
<p>Macroalgal-dominated habitats are rapidly gaining recognition as important contributors to marine carbon cycles and sequestration. Despite this recognition, relatively little is known about the production and fate of carbon originating from these highly productive ecosystems, or how anthropogenic and climate related stressors affect the role of macroalgae in marine carbon cycles. Here, we examine the impact of increasing turbidity on carbon storage, fixation and loss in southern hemisphere kelp forests. We quantified net primary production (NPP) and biomass accumulation (BA), and estimated carbon release via detritus and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) across a large-scale turbidity gradient. We show that increased turbidity, resulting in a 63 % reduction in light, can result in a 95 % reduction in kelp productivity. When averaged annually, estimates of NPP and BA per plant at high light sites were nearly 6 and 2 times greater than those at low light sites, respectively. Furthermore, the quantity of carbon fixed annually by kelp forests was up to 4.7 times greater than that stored as average annual standing stock. At low light sites, the majority of C goes directly into tissue growth and is subsequently eroded. In contrast, excess production at high light sites accounts for up to 39 % of the total carbon fixed and is likely released as DOC. Turbidity is expected to increase in response to climate change and our results suggest this will have significant impacts on the capacity of kelp forests to contribute to carbon sequestration pathways. In addition to demonstrating that turbidity significantly reduces the quantity of carbon fixed by kelp forests, and subsequently released as detritus, our results highlight the negative impacts of turbidity on a large source of previously unaccounted for carbon.</p>
Data and figure production code for 'Hydrological cycle amplification imposes spatial pattern on climate change response of ocean pH and carbonate chemistry'
<p>Time mean data, and python code, used to create figures in 'Hydrological cycle amplification imposes spatial pattern on climate change response of ocean pH and carbonate chemistry', Biogeosciences, Hogikyan and Resplandy 2024</p>
No increase is detected and modelled for the seasonal cycle amplitude of δ13C of atmospheric carbon dioxide: scripts and data to prepare figures
<p>The file contains the scripts and data to plot the graphics displayed in Joos et al., No increase is detected and modelled for the seasonal cycle amplitude of δ13C of atmospheric carbon dioxide, Biogeosciences, in press, November 2024.</p>
Data from: Plasticity in leaf litter traits partly mitigates the impact of thinning on forest floor carbon cycling
1. Reducing stand density by thinning intensification has been emphasized as an efficient strategy of forest adaptation to climate change as it improves stand resistance to drought. Yet, it is still unclear how it could affect litter C cycling processes. Recent evidence indicates that the plasticity of an oak tree species can lead to a decline in its leaf litter quality and decomposability following thinning. The consequences for litter decomposition and forest floor C storage at the ecosystem-scale remain largely unexplored. 2. In this study, we took advantage of a regional-scale, multi-site network of long-term thinning experiments in temperate oak (Quercus petraea) forests to address this issue. We measured ecosystem properties related to forest floor C cycling in 19 plots across eight experimental sites covering a large gradient of stand density and age. Though we expected thinning to affect in situ litter decomposition by altering oak leaf litter quality, we conducted complementary experiments exploring additional mechanisms, i.e. alterations of microenvironmental conditions and soil faunal activity. 3. Thinning intensification induced a strong decline in tree canopy leaf area index, aboveground tree litter production and forest floor decomposition rate in early 'aggradation' stage of forest development. This slower litter decomposition was mainly driven by plasticity of oak trees that produced leaf litter of poorer quality and decomposability following thinning, e.g. litter richer in secondary metabolites such as condensed tannins. Change in microenvironmental conditions also contributed to the slowdown of litter decomposition, likely as a result of the less buffered microclimate associated with larger tree canopy opening. No change in soil faunal effect induced by thinning was found. 4. Thinning resulted in a limited decrease in forest floor C stock. Indeed, the slower litter decomposition offset nearly half of the forest floor C loss associated to the reduced litterfall in 'aggradation' stage. 5. Our study demonstrated that phenotypic plasticity in leaf litter traits of a dominant tree species can strongly affect ecosystem functioning by slowing forest floor decomposition following thinning intensification, in turn partly mitigating the negative effect of thinning on forest floor C storage.
Global process-based characterization factors of soil carbon depletion for life cycle impact assessment
<p>The dataset includes all the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Characterization Factors (CFs) for the Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) depletion indicator produced by Teixeira, R.F.M., Morais, T.G., Domingos, T. 2021. Global process-based characterization factors of soil carbon depletion for life cycle impact assessment.</p> <p> </p> <p>The dataset is divided by type of CF. The results (files) included in each file is:</p> <ul> <li><strong>SOC_dynamics.zip</strong>: includes all the used SOC dynamics for calculate the CFs (it includes transitions for crop, forest, grassland and urban LU classes).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><strong>Raster_Background_Occupation.zip</strong>: includes spatial data (rasters at “tif” format) for Occupation CFs per aggregated land use flow according Table 1 of the paper at country-level.</li> </ul> <p>For example, the raster “Occ_background_Agriculture.tif” has the CFs for the land use class “Agriculture”.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Raster_background_Transformation.zip</strong>: includes spatial data (rasters at “tif” format) for Transformation CFs per aggregated land use flow according Table 1 of the paper at country-level.</li> <li><strong>Table_CFs_background.xlsx</strong>: Includes, at Excel table, the Occupation and Transformation Characterization Factors that were included in “Raster_background_ Occupation.zip” and “Raster_background_Transformation.zip”</li> <li><strong>Raster_Foreground_Occupation.zip</strong>: includes spatial data (rasters at “tif” format) for Occupation CFs per unique land use flow according Table 2 of the paper at unique homogenous territorial unit (about 17,200 unique region).</li> </ul> <p>For example, the raster “Occ_foreground_Irrigated_Potatoes.tif” has the CFs for the land use class “Irrigated potatoes”.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Raster_ Foreground _Transformation.zip</strong>: includes spatial data (rasters at “tif” format) for Transformation CFs per unique land use flow according Table 2 of the paper at unique homogenous territorial unit (about 17,200 unique region).</li> <li><strong>Table_CFs_foreground.xlsx: </strong>Includes, at Excel table, the Occupation and Transformation Characterization Factors that were included in “Raster_Foreground_Occupation.zip” and “Raster_ Foreground _Transformation.zip”</li> <li><strong>LCIA_OpenLCA_file.zip</strong>: includes the Background Characterization Factors to be imported as an LCIA methods for the Product Environmental Footprint database in OpenLCA software</li> </ul>
Contribution of chemoautotrophy and heterotrophy to the microbial carbon cycle in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
<p>Supplementary Material of the article "Contribution of chemoautotrophy and heterotrophy to the microbial carbon cycle in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean" </p> <p>Supplementary Table S1: Location and Oceanographic Instrumentation used at each station of the Project BIOIL in November 2019 on board the R/V Alpha Crucis.</p> <p>Supplementary Table S2: Microbial processes of the water column, including the zone of the water column, depth (m), the dark carbon fixation (DCF) (µgC.m<sup>-3</sup>.h<sup>-1</sup>) and heterotrophic microbial production (HMP) (µgC.m<sup>-3</sup>.h<sup>-1</sup>) rates.</p> <p>Supplementary Table S3: Microbial processes of the sediment samples, including layer (cm), the dark carbon fixation (DCF) (µgC.m<sup>-3</sup>.h<sup>-1</sup>) and heterotrophic microbial production (HMP) (µgC.m<sup>-3</sup>.h<sup>-1</sup>) rates.</p> <p>Supplementary Table S4: Correlation between the Dark Carbon Fixation (DCF), Heterotrophic Microbial Production (HMP) and the environmental parameters of the water column.</p> <p>Supplementary Table S5: Correlation between the Dark Carbon Fixation (DCF), Heterotrophic Microbial Production (HMP) and the environmental parameters of the sediments.</p>
Data for "Nitrogen availability mediates soil carbon cycling response to climate warming: a meta-analysis"
<p>This dataset was used to make tables and figures for the study entitled "Nitrogen availability mediates soil carbon cycling response to climate warming: a meta-analysis", which was submitted to Global Change Biology in October 2022. It contains a meta-analysis database focusing on the effects of warming on soil C storage, root biomass and soil respiration.</p>
Permafrost response to temperature rise in carbon and nutrient cycling: Effects from habitat-specific conditions and factors of warming
<p>Permafrost is warming at a rate of two times faster than the rest of the Earth's surface. However, there is still a lack of a quantitative basis for predicting the functional stability of permafrost ecosystems in carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. We compiled the data of 708 observations from 89 air-warming experiments in the Northern Hemisphere and characterized the general effects of temperature increase on permafrost C exchange and balance, biomass production, microbial biomass, soil nutrients, and vegetation N dynamics via a meta-analysis. Also, an investigation was made on how responses may change with habitat-specific (e.g., plant functional groups and soil moisture status) conditions and warming variables (e.g., warming phases, levels, and timing). Warming downregulated net ecosystem C exchange generally via stimulating ecosystem respiration (15.6%) more than photosynthesis (6.2%). Vegetation usually responded to warming by investing more the C to the belowground, as belowground biomass increased much more (30.1%) than aboveground biomass (2.9%). Warming had a minor effect on microbial biomass. Warming increased soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations. What's more, a synthesis of 70 observations from 11 herbs and 9 shrubs revealed a 2.5% decline of N in green leaves. Compared to herbs, shrubs demonstrated a stronger response in respiration and had green leaf N declined by a greater extent. Not only in dry conditions did green leaf N decline with warming but also in wet conditions. Warming in non-growing seasons would negatively affect soil water, C uptake, and biomass production during growing seasons. Permafrost C loss and vegetation N decline may increase with warming levels and timing. Overall, our findings suggest that besides a positive C cycling-climate feedback, there will be negative feedback between permafrost nutrient cycling and climate warming.</p>
Volcanism and carbon cycle perturbations in the High Arctic during the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous
<p>Dataset for Vickers, M.L., Jelby, M.E., Śliwińska, K.K., Percival, L.M., Wang, F., Sanei, H., Price, G.D., Ullmann, C.V., Grasby, S.E., Reinhardt, L. and Mather, T.A., 2023. Volcanism and carbon cycle perturbations in the High Arctic during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. <em>Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology</em>, <em>613</em>, p.111412.</p>
Variable Stoichiometry Effects on Glacial/Interglacial Ocean Model Biogeochemical Cycles and Carbon Storage - MODEL OUTPUT
<p>This is the repository for the model output and controls pertaining to the simulation experiments performed in "Variable Stoichiometry Effects on Glacial/Interglacial Ocean Model Biogeochemical Cycles and Carbon Storage" by Nathaniel Fillman, Andreas Schmittner, and Karin Kvale. Citation and DOI for parent publication will be updated here when available.<br> See https://github.com/fillmann/variable-stoichiometry for model code.</p>
Soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling microbial populations and their resistance to global change depend on C:N:P stoichiometry
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Biota-mediated carbon cycling – a synthesis of biotic-interaction controls on blue carbon
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Data from: Extreme diel dissolved oxygen and carbon cycles in shallow vegetated lakes
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Data from: Trophic interactions regulate peatland carbon cycling
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Data from: Plasticity in leaf litter traits partly mitigates the impact of thinning on forest floor carbon cycling
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Permafrost response to temperature rise in carbon and nutrient cycling: Effects from habitat-specific conditions and factors of warming
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Differential impacts of alternate primary producers on carbon cycling
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Data from: Coastal darkening substantially limits the contribution of kelp to coastal carbon cycles
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Data from: Prolonged exposure to manure from livestock administered antibiotics decreases ecosystem carbon-use efficiency and alters nitrogen cycling
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.