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119 results for “chemical composition”
Behavioral and chemical composition data for: Maternal and personal information mediates the use of social cues about predation risk
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Data for: Chemical composition and formation of secondary marine aerosol during the Sea Spray and Particle Evolution (SeaSCAPE) Experiment
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Reactive oxygen species alter chemical composition and adsorptive fractionation of soil-derived organic matter
This is the data archive for the corresponding publication with the same title (doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114805). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed during redox fluctuations in iron-rich soils, have been known to stimulate lignin degradation, although not much is known about how they alter soil organic matter (SOM) composition and interaction with mineral surfaces. We conducted a laboratory experiment to see how ROS altered SOM composition and adsorptive fractionation onto Fe-mineral surfaces. We reacted water extracts of SOM with ·OH, produced by the Fenton reaction, and then conducted a sorption experiment of the extracts with goethite to analyze the amount and quality of SOM adsorbed. The Fenton reaction preferentially consumed low-O, mostly aromatic molecules, and new high-O molecules were detected post-Fenton, nearly half of which were carbohydrate-like. Although the amount of C adsorbed did not change after oxidation, the post-Fenton adsorbed molecules were more oxidized. Pre-Fenton adsorption was dominated by aromatic molecules (90%), but post-Fenton, the adsorbed molecules were 75% aromatic and 25% carbohydrate-like. We show that the ·OH radical oxidized SOM and shifted patterns of adsorption to a more oxidized pool. Because adsorption to minerals is thought to stabilize SOM, our results suggest that ROS may alter the availability and stabilization patterns of SOM
Data from: Preen oil chemical composition encodes individuality, seasonal variation and kinship in black kites Milvus migrans
Evidence that bird odour can encode social information that can be used in chemical communication is growing, but is restricted to a few taxonomic groups. Among birds, diurnal raptors (i.e. birds from the Accipitriformes and Falconiformes order) have always been considered as mainly relying on their visual abilities. Although they seem to have a functional sense of smell, whether their odour can convey social information has yet to be determined. Combining gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry (GCMS) and microsatellite data, we tested whether chemical compounds from preen gland secretions can encode sex, age, individuality, seasonal differences and genetic relatedness in the gregarious accipitriform black kite Milvus migrans. While no differences in preen oil composition were found between age classes, an individual signature was detected. While a seasonal variation was found in both sexes, compounds differ between sexes in the non-breeding season. Finally, a significant correlation between chemical proximity and genetic proximity was detected in male-male dyads and male-female dyads but not in female-female dyads. Our study provides the first evidence in raptors that preen secretion can convey information that may potentially be used in individual recognition, reproductive synchronization and inbreeding avoidance, and suggests that raptors may rely upon their olfactory abilities more than previously thought. This study opens promising avenues for further studies in raptor chemical communication.
Data from: Analysing small insect glands with UV-LDI MS: high-resolution spatial analysis reveals the chemical composition and use of the osmeterium secretion in Themira superba (Sepsidae: Diptera)
For many insect species, pheromones are important communication tools, but chemical analysis and experimental study can be technically challenging because they require the detection and handling of complex chemicals in small quantities. One drawback of traditional mass spectrometry methods such as gas chromatography mass spectrometry is that whole-body extractions from one to several hundred individuals are required, with the consequence that intra- and interindividual differences cannot be detected. Here, we used the recently introduced UV-LDI MS (ultraviolet laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry) to profile the 'osmeterium' of the sepsid fly Themira superba that is located on the edge of the hind tibia of males. Based on analyses of individual legs, we established that the gland produced a secretion that consisted of oxygenated hydrocarbons and putative isoprenoids. The secretion was first detected 24 h after eclosion, and its transfer to the wings of females during mating was demonstrated using UV-LDI MS. We then tested whether the secretion had an anti-aphrodisiac function, but experimental transfer of the secretion to virgin females did not affect mating success or copulation duration. Throughout the study, UV-LDI MS proved invaluable, because it allowed tracking the natural and experimental transfer of small quantities of pheromones to specific body parts of small flies.
Data from: A high-throughput FTIR spectroscopy approach to assess adaptive variation in the chemical composition of pollen
The two factors defining male reproductive success in plants are pollen quantity and quality, but our knowledge about the importance of pollen quality is limited due to methodological constraints. Pollen quality in terms of chemical composition may be either genetically fixed for high performance independent of environmental conditions, or it may be plastic to maximize reproductive output under different environmental conditions. In this study, we validated a new approach for studying the role of chemical composition of pollen in adaptation to local climate. The approach is based on high-throughput Fourier infrared (FTIR) characterization and biochemical interpretation of pollen chemical composition in response to environmental conditions. The study covered three grass species, Poa alpina, Anthoxanthum odoratum, and Festuca ovina. For each species, plants were grown from seeds of three populations with wide geographic and climate variation. Each individual plant was divided into four genetically identical clones which were grown in different controlled environments (high and low levels of temperature and nutrients). In total, 389 samples were measured using a high-throughput FTIR spectrometer. The biochemical fingerprints of pollen were species and population specific, and plastic in response to different environmental conditions. The response was most pronounced for temperature, influencing the levels of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in pollen of all species. Furthermore, there is considerable variation in plasticity of the chemical composition of pollen among species and populations. The use of high-throughput FTIR spectroscopy provides fast, cheap, and simple assessment of the chemical composition of pollen. In combination with controlled-condition growth experiments and multivariate analyses, FTIR spectroscopy opens up for studies of the adaptive role of pollen that until now has been difficult with available methodology. The approach can easily be extended to other species and environmental conditions and has the potential to significantly increase our understanding of plant male function.
Data from: A re-evaluation of the chemical composition of avian urinary excreta
Osmoregulation in birds is complicated, with different organs acting concurrently to regulate this physiological process. Of particular interest is how the urinary excretions of birds can remove excess nitrogen while minimizing the need for dietary water and balancing the physiological demands of oviparity. It has long been concluded from chemical analyses, and more recently from genetic studies, that uric acid is the principal constituent of urine in Aves. However, research has also demonstrated that waste material may be modified in the ceca immediately prior to it being expelled. Here, we quantify the chemical composition of the urine component of excreta of six avian species using X-ray diffraction techniques to test the hypothesis that it is principally composed of uric acid, as commonly reported. None of the analyzed samples were found to contain uric acid. Instead, a variety of compounds including ammonium urate, struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), and two unknown compounds, were found. Our results show that the uric acid pathway is indeed the system by which nitrogen is removed in these birds, but that additional modification occurs in the urine prior to excretion. These results raise questions for future research on the urinary excretions of birds, including identification of the unknown compounds found in the present study.
STYPHONOLOBIUM JAPONICUM (SOFORA JAPONICA) THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION IN MEDICINE
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ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF APPLES AND APRICOTS STORED IN REFRIGERATION CHAMBERS.
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chemical composition of PM2.5 in Xindu
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FIGURE 14 in X-ray Microanalysis and the Chemical Elemental Composition of Gorgonian and Pennatulacean Axial Structures (Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 14. Line chart of the between-taxa elemental weight percentage comparison. (A) Between taxa comparison within the three gorgonians studied herein (Isis hippuris, Plumigorgia hydroides and Ellisella sp.). (B) Between taxa comparison within the sea pens studied herein (Cavernularia sp., Virgularia sp., and Stylatula sp.).
FIGURE 13 in X-ray Microanalysis and the Chemical Elemental Composition of Gorgonian and Pennatulacean Axial Structures (Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 13. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) area scan dataset. (A) and (B) EDS site of interest BSE image in a higher magnification cross-sectional view of the sea pen Stylatula sp. axial skeleton, acquired by INCA Energy software, partial area scans (spectrum 1 and 4) were applied for between site comparison purpose. Scale bar = 300 μm. (C) and (D) Bar charts of the quantitative results from spectrum 1 and spectrum 4. (E) and (F) EDS results for spectrum 1 and 4.
C D FIGURE 8 in X-ray Microanalysis and the Chemical Elemental Composition of Gorgonian and Pennatulacean Axial Structures (Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
C D FIGURE 8. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) linescan dataset. (A) EDS linescan site of interest BSE image in a cross-sectional view of a sea pen Cavernularia sp. axial skeleton acquired by INCA Energy software using same region as Figure 7, horizontal linescan through the middle of the axis was applied for EDS analysis to examine the distribution of elements along the line. (B) Element linescan result displaying grouped linescans as colored: carbon (red), oxygen (orange), fluorine (yellow), sodium (light green), magnesium (green), aluminum (aqua), sulfur (light blue), calcium (blue), strontium (purple), ytterbium (pink). (C) Sum spectrum of the linescan. Scale bar = 300 μm. (D) Bar chart of the quantitative results from the sum spectrum.
FIGURE 4 in X-ray Microanalysis and the Chemical Elemental Composition of Gorgonian and Pennatulacean Axial Structures (Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 4. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) area scan dataset. (A) EDS site of interest BSE image in a cross-sectional view of a gorgonian Plumigorgia hydroides axial skeleton acquired by INCA Energy software using same region as Figure 3, partial area scan was applied due to the visible topographical differences of the surfaces on both sides of the axis, thus only two small areas were selected for EDS analysis. Scale bar = 300 μm. (B) Bar chart of the quantitative results from (C) spectrum 1 for reference in that the analytical results of the two sites are identical as seen in Table 2.
Figure 2 in Interaction between biological aspects of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and some chemical composition in two colored Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Arg. (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) leaves
Figure 2. Graph of Pearson's correlation analysis among the different studied leaf parameters including the chemical analysis of Acalypha leaves and the T. urticae male characteristics. The colors represent variations in the obtained data. * indicates the significant at P-value <0.05.
Effects of the compositional viscosity ratio on the long-term evolution of thermo-chemical reservoirs in the deep mantle
<p>Datasets of the manuscript submitted to Geophysical Research Letters.</p>
Raw data of Chemical composition of single-particle muscovite from loess, deserts and Yellow River
<p>Raw data of Chemical composition of single-particle muscovite from loess, deserts and Yellow River</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Kozuharova E, Simeonov V, Batovska D, Stoycheva C, Valchev H, Benbassat N (2023) Chemical composition and comparative analysis of lavender essential oil samples from Bulgaria in relation to the pharmacological effects. Pharmacia 70(2): 395-403. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e104404
Lavender essential oil from Bulgaria and its pharmacological effects
Fig. 4 in Comprehensive evaluation of Bletilla striata and its substitutes by combining phenotypic characteristic, chemical composition, and anti-melanogenic activity
Fig. 4. Results of HCA (A) and PLS-DA analysis (B) for 27 batches of Bletillae Rhizoma.
Fig. 6 in Comprehensive evaluation of Bletilla striata and its substitutes by combining phenotypic characteristic, chemical composition, and anti-melanogenic activity
Fig. 6. The variable importance in the projection (VIP) of peak.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.