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440 results for “community changes”
Data from: Climate drives the geography of marine consumption by changing predator communities
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Data from: The pace and drivers of community change vary over space and time
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Data from: Trophic reorganization of animal communities under climate change
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Data from: Trait networks reveal turnover in Caribbean corals and changes in community resilience through the Cenozoic
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Interspecific differences in thermal tolerance landscape explain aphid community abundance under climate change
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Mutualistic coevolution and community diversity favor persistence in metacommunities under environmental changes
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Changes in trait covariance along an orographic moisture gradient reveal the relative importance of light- and moisture-driven trade-offs in subtropical rainforest communities
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Data from: Emergence of a resource acquisition tradeoff at the community scale during environmental change
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Thermal tolerance in Drosophila: repercussions for distribution, community coexistence and responses to climate change
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Spatial distribution of benthic algae in the South China Sea: responses to gradually changing environmental factors and ecological impacts on coral communities
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Data and code from: Breakdown in seasonal dynamics of subtropical ant communities with land-cover change
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Mussel bed community data for: Intraspecific variation in a marine predator changes intertidal community through effects on a foundation species
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Data for Avolio et al. Making sense of multivariate community responses in global change experiments
Ecological communities are being impacted by global change worldwide. Experiments are a powerful tool to understand how global change will impact communities by comparing control and treatment replicates. Communities consist of multiple species and their associated abundances making multivariate methods a powerful approach to studying community compositional differences between control and treated replicates. Dissimilarity metrics are a commonly employed multivariate measure of compositional differences; however, while highly informative, dissimilarity metrics do not elucidate the specific ways in which communities differ. Integrating two multivariate methods, dissimilarity metrics and rank abundance curves has the potential to detect complex differences based on dissimilarity metrics and detail the how these differences came about through differences in richness, evenness, species ranks, or species identity. Here we use a database of 106 global change experiments located in herbaceous ecosystems and explore how patterns of ordinations based on dissimilarity metrics relate to rank abundance-curve based differences. We find that combining dissimilarity metrics alongside rank abundance curve-based measures clarify how global change treatments are altering communities. We find that when there is no difference in community composition (no distance between centroids of control and treated replicates), there are rarely differences in species ranks or species identities and more often differences in richness or evenness alone. In contrast, when there are differences between centroids of control and treated replicates, this is most often associated with differences in ranks either alone or co-occurring with differences in richness, evenness, or species identities. We suggest that integrating these two multivariate measures of community composition results in a deeper understanding of how global change impacts communities.
Synthesizing community changes to global change treatments using the CoRRE (Community Responses to Resource Experiments) database - Data to accompany Avolio et al. 2021
These are the required data to do all subsequent analyses in Avolio et al. 2021 in Ecology Letters using the Community Responses to Resource Experiments database (corredata.weebly.com). Paper abstract: Global change is impacting plant community composition, but the mechanisms underlying these changes are unclear. Using a dataset of 58 global change experiments, we tested the five fundamental mechanisms of community change: changes in evenness and richness, re-ordering, species gains and losses. We found 71% communities were impacted by global change treatments, and 88% of communities that were exposed to two or more global change drivers were impacted. Further, all mechanisms of change were equally likely to be affected by global change treatments – species losses and changes in richness were just as common as species gains and re-ordering. We also found no evidence of a progression of community changes, e.g., re-ordering and changes in evenness did not precede species gains and losses. We demonstrate that all processes underlying plant community composition changes are equally affected by treatments and often occur simultaneously, necessitating a wholistic approach to quantifying community changes.
Significant changes in bacterial communities associated with Pocillopora ingestion by CoTS: an important factor affecting the coral's health state
Coral ingestion by crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) is an important cause of coral reef degradation, although the impacts of CoTS feeding on coral-associated communities are not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the zooxanthellae density (ZD), bacterial community composition, and microbial-metagenomic functional capacities associated with Pocillopora corals in healthy portions and feeding scars, following CoTS feeding. The ZDs were significantly lower in the feeding scars, and the ZD-loss rate was 92.05% ± 2.12%. The relative abundances of bacterial communities associated with corals after CoTS feeding changed significantly and were almost completely reorganized at the phylum and genus levels. Analysis of the microbial metagenomic-functional capacities showed that numerous physiological functions of the coral-bacterial holobionts in the feeding scars were diminished, including amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, lipid metabolism, membrane transport, signal transduction, and cell motility. Compared with the healthy portions of Pocillopora corals, the abundances of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the corals of feeding scars significantly increased, whereas those of beneficial bacteria significantly decreased. Our research showed that coral-zooxanthellae holobionts were destroyed directly by CoTS, and our findings imply that the large increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria in feeding scars could threaten the long-term health of Pocillopora corals.
Back into the past: Resurveying random plots to track community changes in Italian coastal dunes
<p>This dataset includes two excel sheets. The first contains vegetation data ("species_data", a matrix of 668 plots x 213 species) and the second contains plant functional traits data ("traits_data") that were used to evaluate temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of Mediterranean coastal dune habitats.</p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>As to the first sheet ("species_data"): vegetation data were collected at two points in time (Time 0, hereafter T<sub>0</sub>: 2002-2007, and Time 1, herafter T<sub>1</sub>: 2017-2018) in 334 randomly-sampled, georeferenced, standardized (4 m<sup>2</sup>) plots. Historical data used for the resurveying study were extracted from RanVegDunes (Sperandii et al. 2017). Details on the resurveying protocol can be found in Sperandii et al. (2019), but in short: resampling activities took place during the same months in which the original sampling was done, and plot positions were relocated using a GPS unit on which historical geographic coordinates were stored. Plots are located in coastal dune sites along the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts of Central Italy, and belong to herbaceous communities classified into the following EU Habitats (sensu Annex I 92/43/EEC): upper beach (Habitat 1210), embryo dunes (Habitat 2110), shifting dunes (Habitat 2120), fixed dunes (Habitat 2210), and dune grasslands (Habitat 2230). A subset of plots could not be classified into an EU Habitat because they were highly disturbed or invaded by alien species ("NC-plots"). The matrix includes cover data, expressed as percentage (%) cover. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>As to the second sheet ("traits_data"): this sheet includes data on 3 plant functional traits, two of them quantitative (plant height, specific leaf area - SLA) and one qualitative (plant lifespan). Data for the quantitative traits represent species-level average trait values and were extracted from "TraitDunes", a database registered on the global platform TRY (Kattge et al., 2020). Functional trait data were collected in the same sites covered by the resurveying study. Functional trait data were originally measured on the most abundant species, and are available for a varying number of species depending on the trait.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p>References:</p> <p>Kattge, J., Bönisch, G., Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I. C., Leadley, P., ... & Wirth, C. (2020). TRY plant trait database–enhanced coverage and open access. Global Change Biology.</p> <p>Sperandii, M.G., Prisco, I., Stanisci, A., & Acosta, A.T.R (2017). RanVegDunes-A random plot database of Italian coastal dunes. Phytocoenologia, 47(2), 231-232.</p> <p>Sperandii, M.G., Bazzichetto, M., Gatti, F., & Acosta, A.T.R. (2019). Back into the past: Resurveying random plots to track community changes in Italian coastal dunes. Ecological Indicators, 96, 572-578.</p>
Numerical response of predators to large variations of grassland vole abundance and long-term community change
<p>Voles can reach high densities with multi-annual population fluctuations of large amplitude, and they are at the base of predator communities in Northern Eurasia and Northern America. This status places them at the heart of management conflicts wherein crop protection and health concerns are often raised against conservation issues.<strong> Here, a 20-year survey describes the effects of large variations in grassland vole populations on the densities and the daily theoretical food intakes (TFI) of vole predators based on roadside counts.</strong> Our results show how the predator community responded to prey variations of large amplitude and how it reorganized with the increase in a dominant predator, here the red fox, which likely negatively impacted hare, European wildcat and domestic cat populations. This population increase did not lead to an increase in the average number of predators present in the study area, suggesting compensations among resident species due to intra-guild predation or competition. Large variations in vole predator number could be clearly attributed to the temporary increase in the populations of mobile birds of prey in response to grassland vole outbreaks. Our study provides empirical support for more timely and better focused actions in wildlife management and vole population control, and it supports an evidence-based and constructive dialogue about management targets and options between all stakeholders of such socio-ecosystems.</p> <p>The data set includes:</p> <p><b>S1 kml file</b>. Location of the study area (can be dropped in a Google Earth window or read from a GIS)</p> <p><b>S2 Excel file.</b> Road-side counts (sheet 1) and list of species observed (sheet 2)</p> <p><b>S3 Excel file.</b> Small mammal data</p> <p><b>S4 Excel file.</b> Data for computing theoretical daily food intakes</p> <p> </p>
Long-term monitoring reveals forest tree community change driven by atmospheric sulfate pollution and contemporary climate change
Aim: Montane environments are sentinels of global change, providing unique opportunities to assess impacts on species diversity. Multiple anthropogenic stressors such as climate change and atmospheric pollution may act concurrently or synergistically in restructuring communities. Thus, a major challenge for conservation is untangling the relative importance of different stressors. Here, we combine long-term monitoring with multivariate community modeling to estimate the anthropogenic drivers shaping forest tree diversity along an elevational gradient. Location: Camels Hump Mountain, Vermont, USA Methods: We used Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling (GDM) to model spatial and temporal turnover in beta diversity along an elevational gradient over a 50-year period, and tested for spatiotemporal shifts in density and elevational distribution of individual species. GDMs were used to predict community turnover as non-linear functions of changes in elevation, climate and atmospheric pollution. Results: We observed significant shifts in elevational range and density of individual species, which contributed to an overall reduction in the elevational gradient in beta diversity through time. GDMs showed the combined effects of sulfate deposition and temperature as drivers of this temporal reduction in beta diversity. Spatiotemporal changes differed among species, with shifts observed both up and downslope. For example, in a reversal of a previous upslope range contraction, red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) increased in density and shifted downslope since the 1990's, occupying warmer, drier climates. Main conclusion: Our results demonstrate that global change is impacting the stratification of forest tree diversity along elevational gradients, but the responses of individual species are complex and variable in direction. We suggest abiotic drivers may directly impact individual species while also indirectly altering species interactions along elevational gradients. Our approach modelling the drivers of compositional turnover quantifies the rate and amount of change in beta diversity along environmental gradients, and serves as a powerful complement to studying species-specific responses.
Code and data for: Exposure to climate change drives stability or collapse of desert mammal and bird communities
<p>The following code and data are used to generate the results for the publication "Exposure to climate change drives stability or collapse of desert mammal and bird communities". Climate_Data.zip contains the monthly minimum and maximum temperatures, vegetation data, and soil thickness data to generate microclimates. NicheMapR_code_and_files.zip contains the script and data necessary to generate the microhabitats. Endoscape.zip contains the data and script necessary to run the heat flux models. Resurvey_data.zip contains the jags data to run the occupancy models for small mammals and birds. The read_me file contains the descriptions of all data and script necessary to reproduce the data from the publication.</p>
Cascading effects of climate change on plankton community structure
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Plankton communities account for at least half of global primary production and play a key role in the global carbon cycle. Warming and acidification may alter the interaction chains in these communities from the bottom and top of the food web. Yet, the relative importance of these potentially complex interactions has not yet been quantified. Here we examine the isolated and combined effects of warming, acidification, and reductions in phytoplankton and predator abundances in a series of factorial experiments. We find that warming directly impacts the top of the food web, but that the intermediate trophic groups are more strongly influenced by indirect effects mediated by altered top-down interactions. Direct manipulations of predator and phytoplankton abundance reveal similar strong top-down interactions following top predator decline. A meta-analysis of published experiments further support the conclusion that warming has stronger direct impacts on the top and bottom of the food web rather than the intermediate trophic groups, with important differences between freshwater and marine plankton communities. Our results reveal that the trophic effect of warming cascading down from the top of the plankton food web is a powerful agent of global change.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.