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opencc-by-4.0Jul 2014View details →

Fig. 2 in Species Composition And Structure Of The Communities Of Plant-Parasitic And Free-Living Soil Nematodes In The Greenhouses Of Botanical Gardens Of Ukraine

Fig. 2. Dendrogram of similarity of plant-parasitic nematodes' communities in the greenhouses of botanical gardens of Ukraine (amalgamation by the method of complete linkage). Explanation of the abbreviations is given in table 2.

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Ecoregion and community structure influences on the foliar elemental niche of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall)

Context: Changes in foliar elemental niche properties, defined by axes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations, reflect how species allocate resources under different environmental conditions. For instance, elemental niches may differ in response to large-scale latitudinal temperature and precipitation regimes that occur between ecoregions and small-scale differences in nutrient dynamics based on species co-occurrences at a community level. Methods: at a species level, we compared foliar elemental niche hypervolumes for balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall) between a northern and southern ecoregion. At a community level, we grouped our focal species using plot data into conspecific (i.e., only one focal species is present) and heterospecific groups (i.e., both focal species are present) and compared their foliar elemental concentrations under these community conditions across, within, and between these ecoregions. Between ecoregions at the species and community level, we expected niche hypervolumes to be different and driven by regional biophysical effects on foliar N and P concentrations. At the community level, we expected niche hypervolume displacement and expansion patterns for fir and birch, respectively – patterns that reflect their resource strategy. Results: at the species level, foliar elemental niche hypervolumes between ecoregions differed significantly for fir (F = 14.591, p-value = 0.001) and birch (F = 75.998, p-value = 0.001) with higher foliar N and P in the northern ecoregion. At the community level, across ecoregions, the foliar elemental niche hypervolume of birch differed significantly between heterospecific and conspecific groups (F = 4.075, p-value = 0.021) but not for fir. However, both species displayed niche expansion patterns, indicated by niche hypervolume increases of 35.49% for fir and 68.92% for birch. Within the northern ecoregion, heterospecific conditions elicited niche expansion responses, indicated by niche hypervolume increases for fir of 29.04% and birch of 66.48%. In the southern ecoregion we observed a contraction response for birch (niche hypervolume decreased by 3.66%), and no changes for fir niche hypervolume. Conspecific niche hypervolume comparisons between ecoregions yielded significant differences for fir and birch (F = 7.581, p-value = 0.005 and F = 8.038, p-value = 0.001) as did heterospecific comparisons (F = 6.943, p-value = 0.004, and F = 68.702, p-value = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: our results suggest species may exhibit biogeographical specific elemental niches – driven by biophysical differences such as those used to describe ecoregion characteristics. We also demonstrate how a species resource strategy may inform niche shift patterns in response to different community settings. Our study highlights how biogeographical differences may influence foliar elemental traits and how this may link to concepts of ecosystem and landscape functionality.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

Changes in the acoustic structure of Australian bird communities along a habitat complexity gradient

Avian vocalizations have evolved in response to a variety of abiotic and biotic selective pressures. While there is some support for signal convergence in similar habitats that is attributed to adaptation to the acoustic properties of the environment (the ‘acoustic adaptation hypothesis’, AAH), there is also evidence for character displacement as result of competition for signal space among coexisting species (the ‘acoustic niche partitioning hypothesis’). We explored the acoustic space of avian assemblages distributed along six different habitat types (from herbaceous habitats to warm rainforests) in south eastern Queensland, Australia. We employed three acoustic diversity indices (acoustic richness, evenness, and divergence) to characterize the signal space. In addition, we quantified the phylogenetic and morphological structure (in terms of both body mass and beak size) of each community. Acoustic parameters showed a moderately low phylogenetic signal, indicating labile evolution. Although, we did not find meaningful differences in acoustic diversity indices among habitat categories, there was a significant relationship between the regularity component (evenness) and vegetation height indicating that acoustic signals are more evenly distributed in dense habitats. After accounting for differences in species richness, the volume of acoustic space (i.e., acoustic richness) decreased as the level of phylogenetic and morphological resemblance among species in a given community increased. Additionally, we found a significantly negative relationship between acoustic divergence and divergence in body mass indicating that the less different species are in their body mass, the more different their songs are likely to be. This implies the existence of acoustic niche partitioning at community level. Overall, while we found mixed support for the AAH, our results suggest that community-level effects may play a role in structuring acoustic signals within avian communities in this region. This study shows that signal diversity estimated by diversity metrics of community ecology based on basic acoustic parameters can provide additional insight into the structure of animal vocalizations.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Triggering Sustainable Biogas Energy Communities through Social Innovation- ISABEL ---- Social Innovation and Community energy best preactices, methods and tools across Europe ----Semi-structured interviews from communities

Having identified through the literature review various success and failure factors for social innovation applied to community energy projects, ISABEL has further conducted 18 semi-structured interviews of a range of stakeholders. The interviewee sample was a convenience sample of participants in existing projects and thus, inevitably, they are able to speak more to successful than unsuccessful projects and they likely have had less exposure to obstacles to the success of their projects. T The interviews have focused on identifying answers to the questions: What were the key success factors? What obstacles were overcome? How? Participants were also asked to specify the type of renewable energy and community energy model.

opencc-by-sa-4.0Nov 2017View details →

Data archive: Trophic structure of cold-water coral communities revealed from the analysis of tissue isotopes and fatty acid composition

Data belonging to the paper:  Dick van Oevelen, Gerard C. A. Duineveld, Marc S. S. Lavaleye, Tina Kutti and Karline Soetaert (2017) Trophic structure of cold-water coral communities revealed from the analysis of 55 tissue isotopes and fatty acid composition. Marine Biology Research, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2017.1398404 Abstract: The trophic structure of cold-water coral reef communities at two contrasting locations, the 800- m deep Belgica Mounds (Irish margin) and 300-m deep Træna reefs (Norwegian Shelf), was investigated using stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) and fatty-acid composition analysis. A broad range of specimens, with emphasis on (commercial) fish species, and organic matter sources were sampled using a variety of tools. Irrespective of the environmental and geographical setting, the δ15N values indicated that the food web encompasses roughly 1.5 to 3 trophic levels. Mobile echinoderms, i.e. sea urchins and sea stars, had highest δ15N values, indicative of a high trophic position in the food web. The fraction of bacterial fatty acids in reef fauna was generally low (<5%), indicating that enhanced bacterial production in the water column through seafloor seepage of nutrients (‘hydraulic theory’) does not form a significant energy pathway into the food web. The high fraction of algal and essential fatty acids in reef fauna and fish at both locations indicates a close coupling with surface productivity, but the transport mechanism depends on the hydrographic setting. At Træna, Calanus copepods and euphausiids form an additional link between primary production and fish, which is largely absent at Belgica Mounds. At Belgica Mounds, the reef community is primarily supported by phytodetritus, as evidenced by the high contribution of algal fatty acids in faunal tissue and seasonal chlorophyll a deposition and marine snow at the reef. The environmental setting of cold-water coral reefs influences the structure of the associated food web.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2013View details →

Figure 5 in Evaluation of vertical and horizontal changes in community structure of zooplankton in a deep dam lake

Figure 5. Tree diagram resulting from average linkage clustering using UPGMA method on the zooplankton community data reported during study period.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Species-specific differences in bumblebee worker body size between elevations: Implications for pollinator community structure under climate change

Code and dataset for manuscript titled "Species-specific differences in bumblebee worker body size between elevations: Implications for pollinator community structure under climate change". Authors: Caterina Massa, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Sarah K. Richman. Manuscript accepted to Journal of Pollination Ecology in May 2024. All data collected and analyzed by the authors.

Figure 4 in Community structure of benthic invertebrates in the Allipén River basin, North Patagonia, Araucania region (38º S, Chile)

Figure 4. Mean abundance (individuals/m2) the families more representative of benthic macroinvertebrates at site 3 Las Hortensias in the Allipen river.

Figure 3 in Community structure of benthic invertebrates in the Allipén River basin, North Patagonia, Araucania region (38º S, Chile)

Figure 3. Mean abundance (individuals/m2) the families more representative of benthic macroinvertebrates at site 2 Huereré in the Allipen river.

Figure 1 in Community structure of benthic invertebrates in the Allipén River basin, North Patagonia, Araucania region (38º S, Chile)

Figure 1. Map of Allipen river, Tolten river basin, La Araucania Region Chile.Where S1 "Melipeuco" (265639 S, 5694829 W), S2: "Huerere" (758774 S- 5681448 W) and S3: "Las Hortensias" (746454 S; 5684086 W) represent the specific sampling stations, respectively.

Figure 2 in Community structure of benthic invertebrates in the Allipén River basin, North Patagonia, Araucania region (38º S, Chile)

Figure 2. Mean abundance (individuals/m2) the families more representative of benthic macroinvertebrates at site 1 Melipeuco in the Allipen river.

Fig. 4 in Mosaic Structure Of Ant Communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) In Eastern Carpathian Marshes: Regional Versus Local Scales

Fig. 4. Number of Myrmica ruginodis specimens in the absence (1), and in the presence (2) of M. rubra (Mann–Whitney U–test, z = –5.14, p <0.000, n1 = 29, n2 = 74)

Fig. 2 in Mosaic Structure Of Ant Communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) In Eastern Carpathian Marshes: Regional Versus Local Scales

Fig. 2. The overall evenness vs. the evenness of the mean patch–diversity values for each sample site (V – Voslobeni, LD – Lacul Dracului, FR – Fagul Rotund, AL – Apa Lenta)

Fig. 3 in Mosaic Structure Of Ant Communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) In Eastern Carpathian Marshes: Regional Versus Local Scales

Fig. 3. Number of Myrmica rubra specimens in the absence (1), and in the presence (2) of M. ruginodis (Mann–Whitney U–test, z = –5.15, p <0.000, n1 = 47, n2 = 56)

Fig. 1 in Mosaic Structure Of Ant Communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) In Eastern Carpathian Marshes: Regional Versus Local Scales

Fig. 1. PCoA–plot of the ant–communities, each dot representing a single trap: filled dots – open peat–bog habitats with sparse trees; empty dots – sedge meadows; crosses – marshland forests; A –

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Figure 2. Dendrogram resulting from a in Host specificity and the structure of helminth parasite communities of fishes in a Neotropical river in Mexico

Figure 2. Dendrogram resulting from a similarity matrix based on the Sørensen measure for component communities of adult autogenic helminth parasites of 10 fish species from Apazapan, Río La Antigua, Veracruz, Mexico. Host species are: Amex, A. mexicanus; Rgua, R. guatemalensis; Smar, S. marmoratus; Hbim, P. bimaculata; Pmex, Poecilia mexicana; Pgra, Poeciliosis gracilis; Psph, Poecilia sphenops; Xell, X. helleri; Tell, T. ellioti; Vfen, V. fenestrata.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Figure 1 in Host specificity and the structure of helminth parasite communities of fishes in a Neotropical river in Mexico

Figure 1. Patterns of relative abundance of 24 species of helminths in 11 component communities of freshwater fishes from Río Apazapan, Río La Antigua basin, Mexico (fish species: Am, A. mexicanus; Rg, Rhamdia guatemalensis; Hb, Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculata; Pm, Poecilia mexicana; Ps, P. sphenops; Pg, Poeciliopsis gracilis; Xh, Xiphophorus helleri; Te, Thorichthys helleri; Vf, Vieja fenestrata; Sm, Sicydium gymnogaster).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Fig. 5. A in Ciliate Community Structure in Vegetation in Eastern Mexico Bromeliads of Different Types of

Fig. 5. A. Trait loadings of retained components in the PCA axes 1 and 2, (B) for each sampling carried out in the seven localities, and (C) for vegetation type and ciliate species richness according to the principal components of model A, of an ordination based on species richness, two continuous and two categorical functional traits of 24 ciliate species at Eastern Veracruz, Mexico. Model C shows prediction ellipses at 95% confidence interval to delimitate the vegetation types. Numbers in B refer to the localities. SDTF = Semideciduous tropical forest, C = Coffee plantation, MCF = Montane cloud forest, PF = Pinus forest.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Fig. 3 in Ciliate Community Structure in Vegetation in Eastern Mexico Bromeliads of Different Types of

Fig. 3. Dendogram of the Jaccard's similarities among localities based on the unweighted pair-group method analysis (UPGMA). For the name of the localities see table 1.