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188 results for “conspicuousness”
FIGURE 1 in An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)
FIGURE 1. Historical drawings of Cylindrophis ruffus sensu historico. Illustrations from: (A–C) Scheuchzer (1735); and (D– E) Seba (1735). Illustrations are not to scale. Plate prepared by Hinrich Kaiser and Mark O'Shea.
FIGURE 6 in An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)
FIGURE 6. Head of a Cylindrophis ruffus sensu lato specimen from Bogor, Java (SMF 16980), in lateral view. Note the broad contact of the prefrontal with the orbit. Scale bar 2.0 mm. Drawing by Felix Mader based on a photograph by Gunther Köhler.
FIGURE 5 in An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)
FIGURE 5. Paratypes of Cylindrophis subocularis sp. nov. in dorsal view. (A) RMNH.RENA 8958; (B) RMNH.RENA 8959; (C) RMNH.RENA 11257; (D) RMNH.RENA 11263; (E) RMNH.RENA 47929; (F) NMW 21559.1. All RMNH specimens were collected at the type locality, Grabag, Purworejo (formerly Koetoardjo) Regency, Central Java Province (Jawa Tengah), Java, Indonesia. NMW 21559.1 is from Java, Indonesia, without detailed locality data. Numbered units on ruler are in centimeters. Photos by Sven Mecke.
FIGURE 7 in An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)
FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Cylindrophis subocularis sp. nov. and C. ruffus sensu lato on Java, Indonesia. The black triangle marks the type locality of C. subocularis sp. nov. at Grabag. The white circles with letters identify localities of examined specimens of C. ruffus sensu lato, including (a) Jakarta (Batavia), (b) Bogor (Buitenzorg), (c) Sukabumi (Soekaboemi), (d) Indramayu (Indramajoe), (e) Cirebon (Cheribon), (f) Kagok, Tegal, (g) Pekalongan, (h) Semarang (Samarang), (i) Rembang, (j) Kediri, (k) Surabaya (Surabaja, Soerabaja), (l) Mount Arjuno (Ardjoeno), (m) Malang (Malary/ Malang?), and (n) Tengger Mountains. Note that not all locality data of museum vouchers provided necessarily correspond to towns and their environs but may refer to district names at the time of specimen collection. Locality names in parentheses refer to historical names provided on museum labels or in museum catalogues. Base map modified from Wikipedia © Sadalmelik / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA-3.0 by Sven Mecke.
Data, scripts and supplementary materials for "Color polymorphism and conspicuousness do not increase speciation rates in Lacertids" (de Solan et al. 2023)
<p>This data_and_script file contain the phylogeny and coloration data, as well as the R script used in the article "Color polymorphism and conspicuousness do not increase speciation rates in Lacertids".</p><p>The other file contain the supplementary materials for the publication.</p>
Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. in Viverridae
Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40.
Distribution. Patchily distributed in W, C & E Africa, from Ghana E through parts of Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, and DR Congo to S Uganda; conspicuously absent from C Congo Basin, but occurs around the periphery. in Molossidae
Distribution. Patchily distributed in W, C & E Africa, from Ghana E through parts of Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, and DR Congo to S Uganda; conspicuously absent from C Congo Basin, but occurs around the periphery.
Data from: Why are animals conspicuously colored? Evolution of sexual versus warning signals in land vertebrates
<p>Conspicuous colors (e.g. red, yellow, blue) have evolved numerous times across animals. But the function of this coloration can differ radically among species. Many species use this coloration as a sexual signal to conspecifics, whereas others use it as a warning signal to predators. Why do different species evolve conspicuous coloration in association with one function as opposed to the other? We address this question in terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods) using phylogenetic approaches and test whether day-night activities of species help determine these patterns. Using phylogenetic logistic regression, we found that conspicuous, sexually dimorphic coloration is significantly associated with diurnal lineages (e.g. many birds and lizards). By contrast, the evolution of warning signals was significantly associated with large-scale clades that were ancestrally nocturnal (e.g. snakes, amphibians), regardless of the current diel activity of species. Overall, we show that the evolution of conspicuous coloration as warning signals or sexual signals is influenced by the ecology of species, both recently and in the ancient past.</p>
Few juveniles or males were collected. Only four males from groups 7, 8, 9, and 11, all in clade D, were included in the dataset. The male in Fig. 13E–H conforms to the general morphological description of males in Lobocriconema with an undifferentiated labial region, the absence of a stylet, a degenerate pharyngeal region, a FIGURE 7. SEM images of specimens representing clades D (A–H) and B (I). NID numbers are associated with unique specimens, all are females except image C. A) Lobocriconema sp., face view with conspicuous labial disc surrounded by irregular labial structure, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4533. B) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes and displaying subcuticular labial structure, Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, NID 4560. C) Lobocriconema sp., juvenile, head with visible submedian lobes, body scales with fine terminal projections, Spring Creek Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4514. D) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes and displaying subcuticular labial structure, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4527 E) Lobocriconema sp., cephalic profile with protruding stylet, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4529. F) Lobocriconema sp., head profile lacking submedian lobes, Tunica Hills, Louisiana, NID 4574. G) Lobocriconema sp., tail with closed vulva, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4533. H) Lobocriconema sp., tail with closed vulva, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4526. I) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Purchase Knob, NID 4570. in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions
Few juveniles or males were collected. Only four males from groups 7, 8, 9, and 11, all in clade D, were included in the dataset. The male in Fig. 13E–H conforms to the general morphological description of males in Lobocriconema with an undifferentiated labial region, the absence of a stylet, a degenerate pharyngeal region, a FIGURE 7. SEM images of specimens representing clades D (A–H) and B (I). NID numbers are associated with unique specimens, all are females except image C. A) Lobocriconema sp., face view with conspicuous labial disc surrounded by irregular labial structure, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4533. B) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes and displaying subcuticular labial structure, Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, NID 4560. C) Lobocriconema sp., juvenile, head with visible submedian lobes, body scales with fine terminal projections, Spring Creek Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4514. D) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes and displaying subcuticular labial structure, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4527 E) Lobocriconema sp., cephalic profile with protruding stylet, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4529. F) Lobocriconema sp., head profile lacking submedian lobes, Tunica Hills, Louisiana, NID 4574. G) Lobocriconema sp., tail with closed vulva, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4533. H) Lobocriconema sp., tail with closed vulva, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4526. I) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Purchase Knob, NID 4570.
FIGURES 17–21 in The genus Siderus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in French Guiana: four newly discovered species and conspicuous male genitalia polymorphism
FIGURES 17–21. Siderus male genitalia (new species). Posterior part on top, left lateral view with penis (on the left), ventral view with setae drawn only on right uncus and right valva and penis removed (on the right). 17. Siderus bisignatus sp. nov., HT (French Guiana). 18. Siderus bisignatus sp. nov., PT (Peru, LO). 19. Siderus diringeri sp. nov., HT (French Guiana). 20. Siderus castelain sp. nov., HT (French Guiana). 21. Siderus toussaint sp. nov., HT (French Guiana).
FIGURES 27–28 in The genus Siderus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in French Guiana: four newly discovered species and conspicuous male genitalia polymorphism
FIGURES 27–28. Female Siderus in situ in French Guiana. 27. Siderus toussaint sp. nov., feeding on Varronia schomburgkii (on the left). 28. Siderus athymbra. Images not at the same scale (pictures courtesy of Pascal Bonin).
FIGURES 1–2 in The genus Siderus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in French Guiana: four newly discovered species and conspicuous male genitalia polymorphism
FIGURES 1–2. Siderus diagnostic wing characters (example of Siderus leucophaeus). 1. White arrows show a) DFW double androconia (scent patch and pad) and b) arched FW costa. 2. Black arrows illustrate c) uniform FW ground color + postmedian band absent or vestigial; d) black (basally) and white postmedian line, e) black anal spot basally bordered by white and sometimes anteriorly by red scales, f) cubital spot not always present, depending on the species and sometimes black.
FIGURES 23–26 in The genus Siderus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in French Guiana: four newly discovered species and conspicuous male genitalia polymorphism
FIGURES 23–26. Siderus female genitalia showing very similar aspect. Posterior part on top, left lateral view on the left, ventral view on the right. 23. Siderus leucophaeus. 24. S. toussaint sp. nov., PT (French Guiana). 25. Siderus diringeri sp. nov., PT (French Guiana). 26. Siderus castelain sp. nov., PT (French Guiana).
FIGURE 34 in The genus Siderus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in French Guiana: four newly discovered species and conspicuous male genitalia polymorphism
FIGURE 34. Siderus phylogenetic tree generated with IQ-Tree using 52 COI sequences. Each specimen has the following information: scientific name, sample ID, sex, country and department, elevation. Method of construction of the tree: Maximum-Likelihood.
FIGURES 6–16 in The genus Siderus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in French Guiana: four newly discovered species and conspicuous male genitalia polymorphism
FIGURES 6–16. Siderus adults from French Guiana, dorsal face at left. 6. S. leucophaeus ♂. 7. S. parvinotus ♂. 8. S. diringeri sp. nov., HT ♂. 9. S. diringeri sp. nov., PT ♀. 10. S. bisignatus sp. nov., HT ♂. 11. S. toussaint sp. nov., HT ♂. 12. S. toussaint sp. nov., PT ♀. 13. S. athymbra ♂. 14. S. athymbra ♀. 15. S. castelain sp. nov., HT ♂. 16. S. castelain sp. nov., PT ♀.
FIGURE 22 in The genus Siderus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in French Guiana: four newly discovered species and conspicuous male genitalia polymorphism
FIGURE 22. Polymorphism in male genitalia of Siderus bisignatus sp. nov. From left to right, specimens from French Guiana, Peru and Brazil (PA). Arrows show differences in a) penis posterior end, b) ventral and c) dorsal shape of valvae, d) saccus length. No scale bar but figures at the same magnification.
FIGURES 3–5 in The genus Siderus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in French Guiana: four newly discovered species and conspicuous male genitalia polymorphism
FIGURES 3–5. Siderus diagnostic genital characters (example of Siderus leucophaeus). 3. Male genitalia with rounded valvae at base, posteriorly elongated, asymmetrical saccus. 4. Male terminal part of penis with a cornutus and a spined vesica. 5. Signa on the female corpus bursae with anterior pointing spine.
FIGURE 33 in The genus Siderus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in French Guiana: four newly discovered species and conspicuous male genitalia polymorphism
FIGURE 33. Siderus NJ tree generated with BOLD using 52 COI sequences. Each specimen has the following information: process ID and sample ID, sex, country and department, sequence length, BIN number. Marker: COI; distance model: Pairwise Distance (p-distance); sequence alignment: BOLD Align (Amino Acid based HMM); filter: sequence greater than 400 bp; method of construction of the tree: Neighbor-Joining; colorize tree based on barcode cluster (BIN). Scale: 2% divergence.
Data from: Discrete colour polymorphism in the tawny dragon lizard (Ctenophorus decresii) and differences in signal conspicuousness among morphs
Intraspecific colour variation is common in nature and can vary from the coexistence of discrete colour variants in polymorphic species to continuous variation. Whether coloration is continuous or discrete is often ambiguous and many species exhibit a combination of the two. The nature of the variation (discrete or continuous) has implications for both the genetic basis of the colour variation and the evolutionary processes generating and maintaining it. Consequently, it is important to qualify the existence of discrete morphs, particularly in relation to the animal's visual system. In this study, we quantified male throat colour variation in Ctenophorus decresii tawny dragon lizard and tested for morphological and ecological correlates of the colour variants. We confirmed that discrete throat colour morphs can be defined based on colour and pattern analyses independent of the human visual system. We also found that the colour variants differed in their conspicuousness from the background, to the lizard's visual system, which has implications for signalling. However, the morphs did not differ in morphology or microhabitat use, which suggests that these characteristics are not involved in the evolutionary maintenance of the polymorphism.
FIGURE 10 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 10. Sticta tunjensis (holotype collection). A. Upper side of thallus. B. Lower side of thallus. C. Lower surface enlarged. D. Detail of lower surface. E–G. Detail of marginal isidia from upper and lower side. G. Young lobe tip showing cilia. H. Microscopic section through cyphella showing basal membrane with papillose cells. Scale in A–D = 5 mm, in E and F = 1 mm, in G = 0.5 mm, in H = 10 µm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.