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118 results for “cropping systems”
Birds suppress pests in corn but release them in soybean crops within a mixed prairie/agriculture system
<p>Birds provide ecosystem services (pest control) in many agroecosystems and have neutral or negative ecological effects (disservices) in others. Large-scale, conventional row crop agriculture is extremely widespread globally, yet few studies of bird effects take place in these agroecosystems. We studied indirect effects of insectivorous birds on corn and soybean crops in fields adjacent to a prairie in Illinois (USA). We hypothesized that prairie birds would forage for arthropods in adjacent crop fields and that the magnitude of services or disservices would decrease with distance from the prairie. We used bird-excluding cages over crops to examine the net effect of birds on corn and soybean grain yield. We also conducted DNA metabarcoding to identify arthropod prey in fecal samples from captured birds. Our exclosure experiments revealed that birds provided net services in corn and net disservices in soybeans. Distance from prairie was not a significant predictor of exclosure treatment effect in either crop. Many bird fecal samples contained DNA from both beneficial arthropods and known economically-significant pests of corn, but few economically-significant pests of soybeans. Song Sparrows (<i>Melospiza melodia</i>), one of our most captured species, most commonly consumed corn rootworms, an economically-significant pest of corn crops. We estimated that birds in this system provided a service worth approximately US $275/ha in corn yield gain, and a disservice valued at approximately $348/ha in soybean yield loss. Our study is the first to demonstrate that birds can provide substantial and economically valuable services in field corn, and disservices in soybean crops. The contrasting findings in the two crop systems suggest a range of bird impacts within widespread agro-ecosystems and demonstrate the importance of quantifying net trophic effects.</p>
Critical analysis of life cycle inventory datasets for organic crop production systems (Data sets)
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Data for: Neonicotinoid retention and transport in a maize cropping system with contour prairie strips
<p>All data used in <em>Neonicotinoid retention and transport in a maize cropping system with contour prairie strips</em>.</p>
Phosphorus availability and leaching losses in annual and perennial cropping systems in an upper US Midwest landscape
<p>Excessive phosphorus (P) applications to croplands can contribute to eutrophication of surface waters through surface runoff and subsurface (leaching) losses. We analyzed leaching losses of total dissolved P (TDP) from no-till corn, hybrid poplar (<i>Populus nigra</i> X <i>P. maximowiczii</i>), switchgrass (<i>Panicum virgatum</i>), miscanthus (<i>Miscanthus giganteus</i>), native grasses, and restored prairie, all planted in 2008 on former cropland in Michigan, USA. All crops except corn (13 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>) were grown without P fertilization. Biomass was harvested at the end of each growing season except for poplar. Soil water at 1.2 m depth was sampled weekly to biweekly for TDP determination during March–November 2009–2016 using tension lysimeters. Soil test P (0–25 cm depth) was measured every autumn. Soil water TDP concentrations were usually below levels where eutrophication of surface waters is frequently observed (> 0.02 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) but often higher than in deep groundwater or nearby streams and lakes. Rates of P leaching, estimated from measured concentrations and modeled drainage, did not differ statistically among cropping systems across years; 7-year cropping system means ranged from 0.035 to 0.072 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> with large interannual variation. Leached P was positively related to STP, which decreased over the 7 years in all systems. These results indicate that both P-fertilized and unfertilized cropping systems may leach legacy P from past cropland management.</p>
The effects of integrated food and bioenergy cropping systems on crop yields, soil health, and biomass quality: the EU and Brazilian experience
<p><strong>Data Set</strong></p> <p>This multiyear and multi-location study provides new insights on the integration of dedicated legume crops within conventional EU (wheat-maize) and Brazilian (sugarcane) farming systems so to meet the forecasted increasing feedstock demands for the production of renewable transport biofuels without negatively affecting food production nor soil fertility. Sunn hemp demonstrated to be a suitable leguminous fiber feedstock to be grown in extended crop rotations. Integrating sunn hemp within the conventional systems in EU did not have negative effects on food yields, while feedstock availability increased up to 2.0 times. In Brazil, sugarcane stalks yield increased up to 15 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
Morphological characteristics of pollen from triploid watermelon and its fate on stigmas in a hybrid crop production system
<p>Hybrid crop production is more reliant on pollinators compared to open-pollinated crops because they require cross-pollination between a male-fertile and a male-sterile line. Little is known about how stigma receipt of pollen from male-sterile genotypes affects reproduction in hybrids. Non-viable and non-compatible pollen cannot fertilise plant ovules, but may still interfere with pollination success. Here we used seedless watermelon (<em>Citrullus lanatus</em> (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) as a model hybrid plant, to evaluate the morphology, physiology, and movement of pollen from inter-planted genotypes (diploids and triploids). We found that pollen from triploids ('Exclamation' and 'Royal Armada') and diploids ('SP-6', 'Summer Flavor 800', and 'Tiger') was visually distinguishable. Pollen in triploids had more deformities (42.4–46%), tetrads (43–44%), and abnormal growth of callose plugs in pollen tubes. The amount of pollen in triploids to germinate on stigmas was low (8 ± 3%), and few pollen grains produced pollen tubes (6.5 ± 2%). Still, contrary to previous reports our results suggest that some viable pollen grains are produced by triploid watermelons. However, whilst honey bees can collect and deposit pollen from triploids onto stigmas, its effect on hybrid watermelon reproduction is likely to be minimal due to its low germination rate.</p>
MAgPIE model runs outputs: Climate change-driven global land-use system adaptation under CMIP6-based crop model projections
<p>Each folder contains the fulldata.gdx and the configuration files for each MAgPIE run based on the nine crop impact models and 5 gcms used in the paper.</p>
Raw Data for Publication "Earth observations reveal impacts of climate variability on maize cropping systems in Sub-Saharan Africa"
<p>Phenological metrics extracted for all agricultural fields used in the study. Data also includes the coordinates of the fields.</p>
Livestock in diverse cropping systems improve weed management and sustain yields whilst reducing inputs
<p>Dataset used for the article: </p> <p>MacLaren, C.; Storkey, J.; Strauss, J.; Swanepoel, P.; and Dehnen-Schmutz, K. (2018). Livestock in diverse cropping systems improve weed management and sustain yields whilst reducing inputs. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology.</em></p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 3 in New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta) in plantain cropping systems in Colombia's coffee-growing region
FIGURE 3. Martiodrilus (Maipure) quimbayaensis sp. nov., holotype. A. Genital seta a, segment 22. B. External, ventral view of tubercula pubertatis, segments ½ 19–½ 26; C. Internal anatomy of segments 5–12, dorsal view. S= spermathecae of 6, 7, 8, 9; G= gizzard in segment 6.
FIGURE 2 in New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta) in plantain cropping systems in Colombia's coffee-growing region
FIGURE 2. Glossodrilus chaguala sp. nov., holotype. A. Common seta, segment 52. B. Genital setae a, segment 16. C. External lateral view of anterior body (preserved), showing clitellum in 15–21. D. Internal anatomy of anterior segments, dorsal view. G= gizzard in segment 6; spermathecae of 9, 10; CG = calciferous glands in segments 11, 12; SV= large seminal vesicles in segment 12 extending backwards to segment 26.
The genomic and epigenomic landscapes of hemizygous genes across crops with contrasting mating systems
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Crop diversification and digestate application effect on the productivity and efficiency of irrigated winter crop systems
<p>This dataset was done gathering and calculating data from an experiment integrated in the Circular Agronomics project. In October 2019 an experiment was setup in a randomized block design where 5 different irrigated winter crops were grown in 2 3-year rotations by 3 seasons. Several crop and and soil variables were measured to test for responses under different fertiliser treatments, including untreated and dried acidified digestates. There were also different crop precedents especifically for wheat, since this was the common crop between both rotations (cereal and diverse). With the gathered data we were able to calculate and test for differences in grain yield and N concentration, N uptake efficiency and water use efficiency of the different crops under different fertilisation and rotation (wheat) treatments. Also the soil was tested for differences in soil nitrates at 3 time points during the 3 seasons and soil total nitrogen at the end of the experiment. (Start: 2019-09-20 ; End: 2022-08-30)</p>
Phosphorus availability and leaching losses in annual and perennial cropping systems in an upper US Midwest landscape
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Data from: Machine learning improves predictions of agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from intensively managed cropping systems
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Incidence of prey DNA in predators from a cotton system utilizing winter cover crops
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Data from: Nitrogen fertilization effects on productivity and nitrogen loss in three grass-based perennial bioenergy cropping systems
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Morphological characteristics of pollen from triploid watermelon and its fate on stigmas in a hybrid crop production system
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Birds suppress pests in corn but release them in soybean crops within a mixed prairie/agriculture system
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Data from: Water-conscious management strategies reduce per-yield irrigation and soil emissions of CO2, N2O, and NO in high-temperature forage cropping systems.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.