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400 results for “cultivar”
Seed Morphology in Key Spanish Grapevine Cultivars
<p>Photographs were taken with a camera Nikon D80 of 10,2 megapixels. The seeds were oriented with their chalaza downwards, such as to expose the ribs upwards (ventral orientation) and straight in the middle to provide each seed image a maximum of symmetry. Composed images containing 30 seeds per accession were prepared with Corel Photo Paint</p>
Data from: The molecular phylogenetics of Trachymyrmex ants and their fungal cultivars provide insights into the origin and co-evolutionary history of 'higher-attine' ant agriculture
The fungus‐growing ants and their fungal cultivars constitute a classic example of a mutualism that has led to complex coevolutionary dynamics spanning c. 55–65 Ma. Of the five agricultural systems practised by fungus‐growing ants, higher‐attine agriculture, of which leaf‐cutter agriculture is a derived subset, remains poorly understood despite its relevance to ecosystem function and human agriculture across the Neotropics and parts of North America. Among the ants practising higher‐attine agriculture, the genus Trachymyrmex Forel, as currently defined, shares most‐recent common ancestors with both the leaf‐cutter ants and the higher‐attine genera Sericomyrmex Mayr and Xerolitor Sosa‐Calvo et al. Although previous molecular‐phylogenetic studies have suggested that Trachymyrmex is a paraphyletic grade, until now insufficient taxon sampling has prevented a full investigation of the evolutionary history of this group and limited the possibility of resolving its taxonomy. Here we describe the results of phylogenetic analyses of 38 Trachymyrmex species, including 27 of the 49 described species and at least 11 new species, using four nuclear markers, as well as phylogenetic analyses of the fungi cultivated by 23 species of Trachymyrmex using two markers. We generated new genetic data for 112 ants (402 new gene sequences) and 95 fungi (153 new gene sequences). Our results corroborate previous findings that Trachymyrmex, as currently defined, is paraphyletic. We propose recognizing two new genera, Mycetomoellerius gen.n. and Paratrachymyrmex gen.n., and restricting the continued use of Trachymyrmex to the clade of nine largely North American species that contains the type species [Trachymyrmex septentrionalis (McCook)] and that is the sister group of the leaf‐cutting ants. Our fungal cultivar phylogeny generally corroborates previously observed broad patterns of ant–fungus association, but it also reveals further violations of those patterns. Higher‐attine fungi are divided into two groups: (i) the single species Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Möller); and (ii) its sister clade, consisting of multiple species, recently referred to as Leucoagaricus Singer 'clade B'. Our phylogeny indicates that, although most non‐leaf‐cutting higher‐attine ants typically cultivate species in clade B, some species cultivate L. gongylophorus, whereas still others cultivate fungi typically associated with lower‐attine agriculture. This indicates that the attine agricultural systems, which are currently defined by associations between ants and fungi, are not entirely congruent with ant and fungal phylogenies. They may, however, be correlated with as yet poorly understood biological traits of the ants and/or of their microbiomes.
The genome and population genomics of allopolyploid Coffea arabica reveal the diversification history of modern coffee cultivars
<div> <p><em>Coffea arabica</em>, an allotetraploid hybrid of <em>C. eugenioides</em> and <em>C. canephora</em>, is the source of approximately 60% of coffee products worldwide, and its cultivated accessions have undergone several population bottlenecks. We present chromosome-level assemblies of a di-haploid <em>C. arabica</em> accession and modern representatives of its diploid progenitors, <em>C. eugenioides</em> and <em>C. canephora</em>. The three species exhibit largely conserved genome structures between diploid parents and descendant subgenomes, with no obvious global subgenome dominance. We find evidence for a founding polyploidy event 350,000-610,000 years ago, followed by several pre-domestication bottlenecks, resulting in narrow genetic variation. A split between wild accessions and cultivar progenitors occurred ∼30.5 kya, followed by a period of migration between the two populations. Analysis of modern varieties, including lines historically introgressed with <em>C. canephora</em>, highlights their breeding histories and loci that may contribute to pathogen resistance, laying the groundwork for future genomics-based breeding of <em>C. arabica</em>.</p> </div>
Striking variation in chromosome structure within Musa acuminata and its diploid cultivars
<p>The majority of cultivated bananas originated from inter- and intra(sub)specific crosses between two wild diploid species, <em>Musa acuminata</em> and <em>Musa balbisiana</em>. Hybridization and polyploidization events during the evolution of bananas led to the formation of clonally propagated cultivars characterized by a high level of genome heterozygosity and reduced fertility. The combination of low fertility of edible clones and differences in the chromosome structure among <em>M. acuminata</em> subspecies greatly hampers the breeding of improved banana cultivars. Using comparative oligo painting we investigated large chromosomal rearrangements in a set of wild <em>M. acuminata</em> subspecies and cultivars that originated by natural crosses. Additionally, we analyzed chromosome structure of F1 progeny that resulted from crosses between Mchare bananas and wild <em>M. acuminata </em>'Calcutta 4' genotype. Analysis of chromosome structure within <em>M. acuminata</em> revealed the presence of a large number of chromosomal rearrangements showing a correlation with banana speciation. Chromosome painting of F1 hybrids was complemented by Illumina resequencing, which enabled to identify the contribution of parental subgenomes to the diploid hybrid clones. Balanced presence of both parental genomes was revealed in all F1 hybrids with the exception of one clone, which contained only Mchare specific SNPs, and thus most probably originated from an unreduced diploid gamete of Mchare.</p>
Source data for gamete binning for an autotetraploid potato cultivar Otava
<p>Here we provide the source data for analyzing a highly heterozygous autotetraploid potato cultivar 'Otava'.</p>
Data from: Convergent evolution of disordered lipidic structural color in the fruits of Lantana strigocamara (syn. L. camara hybrid cultivar)
<p><em>Research conducted:</em> The majority of plant colors are produced by anthocyanin and carotenoid pigments, but coloration obtained by nanostructured materials (i.e., structural colors) is increasingly reported in plants. Here, we identify a multilayer photonic structure in the fruits of <em>Lantana strigocamara</em> and compare it to a previously described origin in <em>Viburnum tinus</em>.</p> <p><em>Methods:</em> We used a combination of transmission electron microscopy, serial EM tomography, scanning force microscopy, and optical simulations to characterize the photonic structure in<em> L. strigocamara</em>. We also examine the development of the structure during maturation.</p> <p><em>Key results:</em> We find that the structural color derives from a disordered, multilayered reflector consisting of lipid droplets of ~105 nm that form a plate-like structure in 3D. This structure begins to form early in development and reflects blue wavelengths of light with increasing intensity over time as the structure develops. The lipids used are likely polymers of lipid monomers.</p> <p><em>Main conclusions:</em> <em>Lantana strigocamara</em> is the second origin of a lipid-based photonic structure, convergently evolved with the structure in <em>Viburnum tinus</em>. Chemical differences between the lipids in<em> L. strigocamara</em> and those of <em>V. tinus</em> suggest a distinct evolutionary trajectory with implications for the signaling function of structural colors in fruits.</p>
Blast dataset for Vitis Vinifera Cultivars
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fig. 2 in Flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae and Phlaeothripidae) species complex on Florida blackberries and the effect of blackberry cultivar
Fig. 2. Mean total numbers of flower thrips and Orius sp. individuals per flower.
Data for "The effect of drought on agronomic and plant physiological characteristics of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars "
<p>Data for " The effect of drought on agronomic and plant physiological characteristics of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars "</p> <p>Data include all raw data necessary for the analyses of the manuscript. These include data on climatic parameters the experiment design, the growth, the fresh and dry matter yield, the crude protein content, the water use and the water use efficiency.</p> <p> </p> <p>Description of the data and file structure</p> <p>The data are divided into two sheets. The first contains data necessary for the analyses presented in the main text. The second includes data about temperature solar radiation and Vapor Pressure.</p>
Fig. 4 in G R A I N Y I E L D A N D I T S F O R M I N G Pa R A M E T E R S Variations Of Oat Cultivars
Fig. 4. Effect of grain size (2.2-2.0 mm) on oat grain yield.
Fig.3 in G R A I N Y I E L D A N D I T S F O R M I N G Pa R A M E T E R S Variations Of Oat Cultivars
Fig.3. Effect of plant height on oat grain yield.
Fig. 2 in G R A I N Y I E L D A N D I T S F O R M I N G Pa R A M E T E R S Variations Of Oat Cultivars
Fig. 2. Grain yield of tested cultivars (n=19) from 2012 to 2014, t ha-1.
Fig. 2 in Use of crape myrtle, Lagerstroemia (Myrtales: Lythraceae), cultivars as a pollen source by native and non-native bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Quincy, Florida
Fig. 2. Bahiagrass quadrat positions.
Fig. 3 in Use of crape myrtle, Lagerstroemia (Myrtales: Lythraceae), cultivars as a pollen source by native and non-native bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Quincy, Florida
Fig. 3. Isolines depicting Bombus impatiens aggregations and gaps in bahiagrass on 23 Jul 2010.
Fig. 4 in Use of crape myrtle, Lagerstroemia (Myrtales: Lythraceae), cultivars as a pollen source by native and non-native bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Quincy, Florida
Fig. 4. Isolines depicting Bombus impatiens distributions in crape myrtle on 21 Jul 2010.
Chromosome-level genome assemblies of sunflower oilseed and confectionery cultivars
<p>In this study, we obtained high-quality genomes of two cultivar representatives of oil and confectionery common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lineages in China at the chromosome level using the PacBio Revio system Circular Consensus Sequencing and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) scaffolding sequencing technologies. OXS is an inbred oil-type sunflower line with high kernel rate (74.5% kernels), contains 42.9% oil and fat. It is highly susceptible to Verticillium wilt and moderately susceptible to several other diseases. YDS is an inbred non-oil line with high plant height (180-220 cm) and large plump seeds (19.23 grams per 100 seeds). The genome assembly of OXS, spans 3.03 Gb, with 99.58% of sequences anchored to 17 chromosomes and a contig N50 length of 154 Mb. Similarly, the assembly size of YDS, is 3.02 Gb, with 99.40% of sequences mapped to 17 chromosomes and a contig N50 length of 153 Mb. The gene completeness of BUSCO reached 98.2% for OXS and 98.4% for YDS, while the LTR Assembly Index (LAI) stood at 24.73 and 25.85 for OXS and YDS, respectively. A comparative genomics approach identified 6,535 (OXS) and 6,498 (YDS) gene families that have evolved rapidly and are associated with substance synthesis, cell growth, grain weight, and protective mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses. We discovered that the YDS genome assembly shows high collinearity with the OXS assembly, apart from three significant inversions on chromosomes 7 and 17. We also identified 15,056 large deletions and insertions between the OXS and YDS assemblies. The publication of these genomes has greatly contributed to the improvement of genetic breeding by integrating internal genetic and external environmental factors in Helianthus annuus L. crops.</p>
Fig. 4 in Biology and reproductive capacity of Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in different soybean cultivars
Fig. 4. Number of eggs/female of Spodoptera eridania during the oviposition period.
Supplementary Table S1. Combined analysis of variance containing the degrees of freedom (DF), mean squares (MS), P value (P val.), mean, coefficient of experimental variation (CEV%) and selective accuracy (SA) for the traits of luminosity (L*), chromaticity a* (a*), chromaticity b* (b*), grain length (length, mm), grain width (width, mm), grain thickness (thickness, mm), mass of 100 grains (Mass, g), normal grains (Ng, %), water absorption (absorption, %), cooking time (Ct, min:s), and concentrations of potassium (K, g kg-1 dry matter - DM), phosphorus (P, g kg-1 DM), calcium (Ca, g kg-1 DM), magnesium (Mg, g kg-1 DM), iron (Fe, mg kg-1 DM), zinc (Zn, mg kg-1 DM), and copper (Cu, mg kg-1 DM) obtained in 25 common bean cultivars evaluated in four experiments carried out from 2019 to 2021
<p><strong><span>Table S1.</span></strong><span> Combined analysis of variance.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Indirect selection for multiple technological and nutritional traits in common bean cultivars under different degrees of multicollinearity</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>Bragantia, 2024.</span></strong></p>
The multidimensional nutritional niche of fungus-cultivar provisioning in free-ranging colonies of a neotropical leafcutter ant
<p>Foraging trails of leafcutter colonies are iconic scenes in the Neotropics, with ants collecting freshly-cut plant fragments to provision a fungal food crop. We hypothesized that the fungus-cultivar's requirements for macronutrients and minerals govern the foraging niche breadth of <i>Atta colombica </i>leafcutter ants. Analyses of plant fragments carried by foragers showed how nutrients from fruits, flowers, and leaves combine to maximize cultivar performance. While the most commonly foraged leaves delivered excess protein relative to the cultivar's needs, <i>in vitro </i>experiments showed that the minerals P, Al, and Fe may expand the leafcutter foraging niche by enhancing the cultivar's tolerance to protein-biased substrates. A suite of other minerals reduces cultivar performance in ways that may render plant fragments with optimal macronutrient blends unsuitable for provisioning. Our approach highlights how the nutritional challenges of provisioning a mutualist can govern the multidimensional realized niche available to a generalist insect herbivore. </p>
Context-dependent effects of Trichoderma seed inoculation on anthracnose disease and seed yield of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): ambient conditions override cultivar-specific differences
<p>Root colonizing <i>Trichoderma </i>fungi can stimulate plant immunity, but net effects are strain × cultivar-specific and changing ambient conditions further contribute to variable outcomes. Here, we used four <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. to inoculate seeds of four common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) cultivars and explored in three different experimental setups the effects on fungal anthracnose after leaf inoculation with <i>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum</i>. Plants growing in pots with field soil under greenhouse conditions exhibited the highest and those in the open field the lowest overall levels of disease. Among 48 <i>Trichoderma</i> strain × bean cultivar × setup combinations, <i>Trichoderma</i>-inoculation enhanced disease in six and decreased disease in ten cases, but with the exception of <i>T. asperellum</i> B6-inoculated Negro San Luis beans, the strain × cultivar-specific effects on anthracnose severity differed among the setups, and anthracnose severity did not predict seed yield in the open field. In the case of Flor de Mayo beans, <i>Trichoderma</i> even reduced yield in anthracnose-free field plots, although this effect was counterbalanced in anthracnose-infected plots. We consider our work as a case study that calls for stronger emphasis on field experiments in the early phases of screenings of <i>Trichoderma</i> inoculants as plant biostimulants.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.