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Fig. 5 in Gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of Melanorivulus aff. punctatus (Boulenger, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fig. 5. After spawning, there is observed, stained with toluidine blue-borax, (A) post-ovulatory complexes (POC) consisting of cells that made up the follicle and that remain after the release of the oocyte, and (B) early (Ea) and advanced (Aa) atretic processes, which go through stages of degeneration and resorption.

Fig. 3 in Gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of Melanorivulus aff. punctatus (Boulenger, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fig. 3. In the ovaries, stained with toluidine blue-borax, (A) there is the gonoduct, as indicated by the arrow; (B) the germinal epithelium, which presents: somatic cells that stand out of the germinal epithelium and will be the pre-follicular cells (Pf) to accompany the nest of oogonia (circle); (C) some oogonia begin the process of differentiation through meiosis, forming early oocytes (Eo) that stand out from the nest being involved in pre-follicular cells (Pf) characterizing the initial ovarian follicle (black circle), after then other cells come around forming the internal theca (It) and external theca (Et), forming the follicular complex (white circle); (D) the oocyte gives rise to a new stage of growth, the pre-vitellogenic one with the arising of nüages (Ng), multiple nucleoli (No) and the Balbiani corpuscles (Bc); (E) it is possible to observe the anterior structures in greater detail and also the layers of the follicular envelope, which comprises the components of theca (T), a layer of follicular cells (Fc), the basal membrane (Bm) and a pellucid zone (Pz); (F) this zone is composed by small microvilli (Mv) that protrude on the surface of the oocyte and follicular cells.

Fig. 1 in Gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of Melanorivulus aff. punctatus (Boulenger, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fig. 1. In the testes, stained with toluidine blue-borax, (A) the germinal compartment is digitiform ending in blind bottom and the genesis of the germ cells follows from the distal portion of the lobes to the lumen, as indicated by lines drawn and the arrow, respectively; (B) the interstitial compartment contains blood vessels (Bv), myoid cells (Md), connective tissue (Ct) and Leydig cells (Ld); (C) there are spermatogonia that begin the genesis and form cysts (circle) organized by the Sertoli cells (B - St); (D) this gives rise to the primary spermatocytes (white circle), and then the secondary spermatocytes (black circle); (E) so occurs the formation of the spermatids (circle); (F) and the cysts break to release the spermatozoa (Sz).

Fig. 4 in Gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of Melanorivulus aff. punctatus (Boulenger, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fig. 4. The oocyte growth continues (stained with toluidine blue-borax) so (A-B) the cortical alveoli (Ca) are arranged on the periphery of the oocyte at first and (C-D) become progressively larger forming large vesicles that border the oocyte surface (as indicated by the arrows); (E) beginning the secondary growth of the ovarian follicle, there is a nucleus with grooves (Gr), the nucleoli (No) are installed in these grooves, the yolk (Y) is accumulating and the pellucid zone is becoming thicker (F and G - Pz); (F) acidic polysaccharides toluidine blue metachromatic and PAS positive neutral polysaccharides (circles) (stained with PAS+Hematoxilin+Metanil Yellow) and (G) metachromatic granules in toluidine blue (circle) (stained with toluidine blue-borax) are produced and incorporated into the alveoli; (H-K) so, the yolk keeps accumulating during maturation of the oocyte, as indicated by the arrows, until become a (K) mature oocyte.

Fig. 2 in Gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of Melanorivulus aff. punctatus (Boulenger, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fig. 2. Annual reproductive cycle of male from April/2010 (A) to March/2011 (L), stained with toluidine blue-borax, in which gonads presented themselves as able to reproduce in all months of the year. Observe the continuity and discontinuity of cysts. Spermatogonia (Sg), primary spermatocytes (Sc1), secondary spermatocyte (Sc2), spermatid (Sd), spermatozoa (Sz).

Fig. 7 in Phylogeographic pattern of Jenynsia multidentata (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) in the southern boundary of the Brazilian Subregion, Argentina

Fig. 7. Population relationships described by Φ ST computed between pairs of populations inferred from mitochondrial DNA control region of Jenynsia multidentata.

Fig. 5 in Phylogeographic pattern of Jenynsia multidentata (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) in the southern boundary of the Brazilian Subregion, Argentina

Fig. 5. Median-Joining haplotype network of Jenynsia multidentata. Circle sizes are proportional to haplotype frequencies. The crossed marks are nucleotide substitutions inferred in that branch. Shading patterns indicates localities. Black: Chapadmalal. Black doted: Chocorí. Cross: El Moro. Dark grey: Quequén Grande. Horizontal lines: Cortaderas. Light grey: Claromecó. Grey: Quequén Salado. Diagonal lines: Sauce Grande. Vertical lines: Saladillo. Grey doted: Sauce Chico. White circles represent hypothetical haplotypes.

Fig. 4 in Phylogeographic pattern of Jenynsia multidentata (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) in the southern boundary of the Brazilian Subregion, Argentina

Fig. 4. Distance tree obtained by Neighbor-Joining method based on mitochondrial DNA control region of Jenynsia multidentata. Numbers under the nodes represents the Bootstrap values. The length branches are proportional to mutations per site. H1-H9: Haplotypes. Black vertical lines next to sample localities are proportional to the individual numbers in each locality. Shading patterns indicates localities. Black: Chapadmalal. Black doted: Chocorí. Cross: El Moro. Dark grey: Quequén Grande. Horizontal lines: Cortaderas. Light grey: Claromecó. Grey: Quequén Salado. Diagonal lines: Sauce Grande. Vertical lines: Saladillo. Grey doted: Sauce Chico.

Fig. 3 in Phylogeographic pattern of Jenynsia multidentata (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) in the southern boundary of the Brazilian Subregion, Argentina

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic consensus tree obtained by Maximum Likelihood based on DNA control region of Jenynsia multidentata. Numbers under the nodes represents the Bootstrap values. The length branches are proportional to mutations per site. H1-H9: Haplotypes. Black vertical lines next to sample localities are proportional to the individual numbers in each locality. Shading patterns indicates localities. Black: Chapadmalal. Black doted: Chocorí. Cross: El Moro. Dark grey: Quequén Grande. Horizontal lines: Cortaderas. Light grey: Claromecó. Grey: Quequén Salado. Diagonal lines: Sauce Grande. Vertical lines: Saladillo. Grey doted: Sauce Chico.

Fig. 2 in Phylogeographic pattern of Jenynsia multidentata (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) in the southern boundary of the Brazilian Subregion, Argentina

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic strict consensus tree obtained by Maximun Parsimony based on mitochondrial DNA control region of Jenynsia multidentata. Numbers under the nodes represents the Bootstrap values. The length branches are proportional to mutations per site. H1-H9: Haplotypes. Black vertical lines next to sample localities are proportional to the individual numbers in each locality. Shading patterns indicates localities. Black: Chapadmalal. Black doted: Chocorí. Cross: El Moro. Dark grey: Quequén Grande. Horizontal lines: Cortaderas. Light grey: Claromecó. Grey: Quequén Salado. Diagonal lines: Sauce Grande. Vertical lines: Saladillo. Grey doted: Sauce Chico.

Fig. 1 in Phylogeographic pattern of Jenynsia multidentata (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) in the southern boundary of the Brazilian Subregion, Argentina

Fig. 1. Geographical distribution of Jenynsia multidentata in the Southern Pampean area. Numbers represent sample localities. 1: arroyo Chapadmalal. 2: arroyo Chocorí. 3: arroyo El Moro. 4: río Quequén Grande. 5: arroyo Cortaderas. 6: arroyo Claromecó. 7: río Quequén Salado. 8: río Sauce Grande. 9: arroyo Saladillo. 10: arroyo Sauce Chico.

Fig. 5 in Jenynsia luxata, a new species from Northwestern Argentina, with additional observations of J. maculata Regan and phylogeny of the genus (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae)

Fig. 5. Topologies from most equally parsimonious trees and relative Bremer support/GC values under (a) equal weights (strict consensus of 12 trees), and (b) implied weighting (strict consensus of two trees), with concavities K = 4 to 20 (with supports measured under K = 8). Unsupported nodes are shown as collapsed. The relationships of genera of the family are consistent with those proposed in previous studies, therefore species of Anableps and Oxyzygonectes are not shown.

Fig. 1 in Jenynsia luxata, a new species from Northwestern Argentina, with additional observations of J. maculata Regan and phylogeny of the genus (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae)

Fig. 1. Jenynsia luxata. Above: holotype CI-FML: 5464, male, 24.4 mm SL, Tucumán, Burruyacu city, a small unnamed stream, río Tajamar basin, Argentina; below: paratype CI-FML 5466, female, 34.8 mm SL, Santiago del Estero, Pellegrini, small flooded pools at Ruta Provincial 4, not connected to but near to río Urueña basin, Argentina.

Fig. 4 in Jenynsia luxata, a new species from Northwestern Argentina, with additional observations of J. maculata Regan and phylogeny of the genus (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae)

Fig. 4. Hydrographic map of South America showing the currently known distribution of Jenynsia luxata. The area delimited by the rectangle is enlarged at right, where the type locality is indicated by an open dot and an additional locality is indicated by a black dot. The small black dot indicates the capital of Tucumán.

Fig. 3 in Growth of Critically Endangered annual fish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) at different temperatures

Fig. 3. Standard length (SL) of Austrolebias wolterstorffi sexually differentiated (males and females) and undifferentiated (juveniles), at 46 (A) and 53 (B) days after hatching. Different letters represent significant differences in SL means (A: t test, px <0.05, B: ANOVA, Tukey, p> 0.05).

Fig. 5 in Growth of Critically Endangered annual fish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) at different temperatures

Fig. 5. Effect of temperature on growth in standard length (SL) of female (A) and male (B) of Austrolebias wolterstorffi under different ages (DAH = days after hatching). The arrows indicate the inflection points of curves.

Fig. 4 in Growth of Critically Endangered annual fish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) at different temperatures

Fig. 4. Effect of temperature on growth in standard length (SL) of Austrolebias wolterstorffi under different ages (DAH = days after hatching). The arrows indicate the inflection points of curves.

Fig. 2 in Growth of Critically Endangered annual fish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) at different temperatures

Fig. 2. Standard length (SL) of females (A) and males (B) and weight (W) of females (C) and males (D) (mean ± standard error) Austrolebias wolterstorffi kept in the laboratory for 67 days after hatching (DAH) under different temperatures. Different letters represent significant mean differences between treatments (ANOVA, Tukey, p <0.05)

Fig. 1 in Growth of Critically Endangered annual fish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) at different temperatures

Fig. 1. Standard length (SL) (mean ± standard error) of Austrolebias wolterstorffi kept in the laboratory for 46 days after hatching (DAH) under different temperatures. Different letters represent significant mean differences between treatments (ANOVA, Tukey, p <0.05)

Fig. 1 in Spectrolebias brousseaui (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae), a new annual fish from the upper río Mamoré basin, Bolivia

Fig. 1. Spectrolebias brousseaui, male (above), holotype, MNKP 10162, 28.4 mm SL and female (below), paratype, MZUSP 109219, 25.3 mm SL.