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98 results for “daddy-long-legs”
FIGURE 5 in Changminia gen. nov., a new genus of daddy-long-leg spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from karst caves in Southeast Asia
FIGURE 5. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (D–H, IZCAS-Ar 42496) and paratype female (A–C, I–J; IZCAS-Ar 42497). A–B. External female genitalia (A. Ventral view; B. Lateral view); C. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly nshaped sclerite; D. Bulb, prolateral view; E–F. Chelicerae (E. Frontal view, arrow indicates blunt proximal part; F. Lateral view); G–J. Habitus (G, I. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; J. Ventral view). b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ma = median apophysis, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–F), 0.30 (G–J).
FIGURE 4 in Changminia gen. nov., a new genus of daddy-long-leg spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from karst caves in Southeast Asia
FIGURE 4. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (IZCAS-Ar 42496). A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrows 1 and 2 indicate elongated prolatero-subdistal apophysis and dorso-distal protrusion, respectively; D. Dorsal view). b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–B), 0.05 (C–D).
FIGURE 3 in Changminia gen. nov., a new genus of daddy-long-leg spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from karst caves in Southeast Asia
FIGURE 3. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (C–F, IZCAS-Ar 21439) and paratype female (A–B, G–H; IZCAS-Ar 21448). A. External female genitalia, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly n-shaped sclerite; C–D. Chelicerae (C. Frontal view, arrow indicates pointed proximal part; D. Lateral view); E–H. Habitus (E, G. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; H. Ventral view). da = distal apophysis, ma = median apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–D), 0.50 (E–H).
FIGURE 2 in Changminia gen. nov., a new genus of daddy-long-leg spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from karst caves in Southeast Asia
FIGURE 2. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (IZCAS-Ar 21439). A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrow indicates short, pointed prolatero-subdistal apophysis; D. Dorsal view, arrow indicates pointed dorsal apophysis). b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.20 (A–B), 0.05 (C–D).
The genome of a daddy-long-legs (Opiliones) illuminates the evolution of arachnid appendages
<p>Chelicerate arthropods exhibit dynamic genome evolution, with ancient whole genome duplication (WGD) events affecting several orders. Yet, genomes remain unavailable for a number of poorly studied orders, such as Opiliones (daddy-long-legs), which has hindered comparative study. We assembled the first opilionid draft genome for the species <i>Phalangium opilio</i>, which bears elongate, prehensile appendages, made possible by numerous distal articles called tarsomeres. Here, we show that the genome of <i>P. opilio</i> exhibits a single Hox cluster and no evidence of WGD. To investigate the developmental genetic basis for the quintessential trait of this group—the elongate legs—we interrogated the function of the Hox genes <i>Deformed </i><u>(</u><i>Dfd</i>)<i> </i>and <i>Sex combs reduced</i> (<i>Scr</i>), and a homolog of <i>Epidermal growth factor receptor </i>(<i>Egfr</i>). Knockdown of <i>Dfd </i>incurred homeotic transformation of two pairs of legs into pedipalps, with dramatic shortening of leg segments in the longest leg pair, whereas homeosis in L3 is only achieved upon double <i>Dfd+Scr</i> knockdown. Knockdown of <i>Egfr</i> incurred shortened appendages and the loss of tarsomeres. The similarity of <i>Egfr </i>loss-of-function phenotypic spectra in insects and this arachnid suggest that repeated cooption of EGFR signaling underlies the independent gains of supernumerary tarsomeres across the arthropod tree of life.</p>
The genome of a daddy-long-legs (Opiliones) illuminates the evolution of arachnid appendages
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Figs 128–133. Artema transcaspica Spassky, 1934 in Daddy-long-leg giants: revision of the spider genus Artema Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Figs 128–133. Artema transcaspica Spassky, 1934, male chelicerae in lateral and frontal views. 128– 131. ♂♂, Uzbekistan, Zarafshon (ZMMU). 132. ♂, Turkmenistan, Badkhyz, Kushka (NHMW 13.677). 133. ♂, Uzbekistan, 36.5 km SSW of Uchkuduk (ZMMU). Arrows = absence of proximal projections on frontal processes. Scale lines: 128–130 = 0.5 mm; 131–133 = 0.2 mm.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/339bce42-a7e7-418b-b9ac-4588e4219b15">https://bionomia.net/dataset/339bce42-a7e7-418b-b9ac-4588e4219b15</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/339bce42-a7e7-418b-b9ac-4588e4219b15">https://gbif.org/dataset/339bce42-a7e7-418b-b9ac-4588e4219b15</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 61 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 61. Known altitudinal variation for records of the Caribbean clade, Mexican Pholcophora Banks, 1896, P. americana Banks, 1896, and Tolteca Huber, 2000. Highest altitudinal record for each group is detailed. Letters indicate statistically significant groups (p = 0.000). Note that the altitudinal range is significantly lower for the Caribbean clade, intermediate for Tolteca, and higher for both Pholcophora groups. Note that the two outliers for P. americana result from rough estimates of the coordinates; the actual collecting sites may have been lower.
Fig. 40 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 40. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953), cleared female genitalia, A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.1 mm; C, F = 0.05 mm.
Fig. 7. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, cleared female genitalia. A–C in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 7. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, cleared female genitalia. A–C. From USA, California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089). D–F. From Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.3 mm; C, F = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 5. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, males. A–E in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 5. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, males. A–E. From USA, Montana, Lolo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G092). F–H. From California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.3 mm.
Fig. 3. Pholcophora Banks, 1896, live specimens. A. P. americana Banks, 1896 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 3. Pholcophora Banks, 1896, live specimens. A. P. americana Banks, 1896, male from USA, Colorado, near Golden. B–E. P. mazatlan Huber sp. nov., males and females with egg-sacs from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán. F–G. P. papanoa Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa. H–I. P. texana Gertsch, 1935, male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala. J–K. P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan. L. P. "Mex354", female with egg-sac from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan.
Fig. 9 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 9. Pholcophora mazatlan Huber sp. nov., male holotype from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán (LATLAX). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.
Fig. 2 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 2. Known distributions of 'true' Pholcophora Banks, 1896 (orange marks) and of presumably misplaced Caribbean 'Pholcophora' and of Papiamenta Huber, 2000 (red marks). Dominican amber species currently placed in Pholcophora are represented by an "F" in a pink square. Our molecular data suggest that Caribbean 'Pholcophora' are more closely related with the genus Papiamenta than with true Pholcophora. Barcoded specimens of Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896 are marked with an "x" and accompanied by the vial code (see Table 1 for details).
Fig. 27 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 27. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Ar 23949), epigyna. A, C. Ventral views. B, D. Lateral views. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (all at same scale).
Fig. 23. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 23. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, female from Mexico, Hidalgo, 2.5 km SW of Jacala (ZFMK Mex341). A. Ocular area, dorsal view. B. Lateral face of chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Epigynum, ventral (slightly posterior) view. D. ALS. E. PMS and anal hairs (arrows). F. Tip of left palpal tarsus, dorsal view. G. Detail of right palpal tarsus, dorsal view. H. Palpal tarsal organ. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate; to = tarsal organ. Scale bars: A–B = 20 µm; C = 100 µm; D–G = 10 µm; H = 2 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Changminia gen. nov., a new genus of daddy-long-leg spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from karst caves in Southeast Asia
FIGURE 1. Distribution records of the genus Changminia gen. nov. 1 Changminia huangdi comb. nov., 2 Changminia dao sp. nov.
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