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445 results for “data constraint”

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dryad36/100

Data for: Is the hyoid a constraint on innovation? A study in convergence driving feeding in fish-shaped marine tetrapods

The hyoid apparatus is essential for underwater feeding in marine tetrapods, but it is unclear whether this complex has evolved as convergently as other traits, such as dentition or locomotion. Here we compare the ossified hyoid elements in ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs and odontocete cetaceans, two groups with an overall similar body shape, to understand whether the hyoid elements show any signs of convergence in the context of feeding. We examined three types of data (size, morphology, and internal bone microstructure) in ophthalmosaurid and odontocete taxa in which these elements are preserved. Our data show that ichthyosaurs never experienced a shift in feeding mode, which might indicate that their hyoid apparatus never adapted to suction feeding. Also, the internal microstructure of the two animal groups differs, where the odontocetes have an overall less compact structure, ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs have cancellous inner cones in an outer, more compact sheath. These differences are likely explained as biomechanical adaptations to different feeding modes. Thus, the hyoid changed less, and acted more as a constraint for feeding innovation in ichthyosaurs compared to cetaceans, and through a much longer time span (over 150 million years).

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Physiological constraints and cognitive chunking in Zebra Finch songs: Data and R script

Learned bird songs often have a hierarchical organization. In the case of zebra finches, each bird's song is made up of a string of notes delivered in a stereotyped sequence to form a "motif", and motifs are repeated to form a song bout. During song learning, young males copy "chunks" of two or more consecutive notes from their tutors' songs. These chunks are represented as distinct units within memory (during learning) and within motor systems (during song production). During song performance, motifs may deviate from the learned sequence by stopping short, starting late, or by skipping, inserting or repeating notes. We measured acoustic and temporal variables related to the respiratory and vocal physiology of song production and asked how they related to deviations from each bird's "canonical" sequence. The best predictor of deviations from that sequence was the duration of the silent interval between notes, when inspiration normally occurs. Deviations from the canonical motif occurred less often after higher-pitched notes, perhaps because a high-low sequence forms a prosodic unit. Premature stops often followed louder and longer notes, suggesting that respiratory and muscular physiology influence the location of such stops. Boundaries between the learned chunks of a male's motif predicted where and how often non-canonical starts occurred. Physiological and cognitive elements also interacted to define the segmentation of zebra finch song sequences. Long silent intervals between notes were associated both with physiology (inspirations) and with the cognitive boundaries of learned chunks – and hence with deviations from the canonical motif.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Raw data for: Over-eruption in marsupial carnivore teeth: compensation for a constraint

Pronounced over-eruption of the canine teeth, much greater than in eco-morphologically equivalent placental carnivores, occurs with age and growth in Australian marsupial carnivores. Suppression of functional tooth replacement is a characteristic of marsupials and is frequent among diverse placentals, where the primitive therian pattern is two generations of incisor, canine and premolar teeth. Rapid determinate growth is one among multiple hypotheses proposed to explain the loss of tooth replacement in mammals. In this line of reasoning, the animal reaches a sufficient body or jaw size to accommodate adult-sized teeth by the time it requires functional dentition. Marsupial carnivores have a full set of adult anterior teeth at weaning, which erupt into a juvenile jaw that is 25 to 30 % adult size, compared with well grown in placental carnivores. Indeterminate over-eruption of the canine teeth in marsupial carnivores results in increasing canine height and diameter with increasing body size with age, suggesting this is a compensatory mechanism for the constraint of a single generation of anterior teeth. Patterns of over-eruption in different tooth types of marsupial carnivores are consistent with two non-exclusive mechanisms that operate in other mammals, a response to tooth wear and lack of an occlusal partner.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data for "Chasing rainbows and ocean glints: Inner working angle constraints for the Habitable Worlds Observatory"

Data for the paper on "Chasing rainbows and ocean glints: Inner working angle constraints for the Habitable Worlds Observatory"

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data for "Climatic Constraints of Spring Phenology and its Variability on the Mongolian Plateau from 1982 to 2021"

The files named "SOSmean_Mongolia Plateau", derived from the GIMMS NDVI3g dataset (1982-2015) and the extended GIMMS NDVI (2016-2021) (i.e., NDVI for 40-year).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Global variation in the relationship between avian phylogenetic diversity and functional distance is driven by environmental context and constraints

Aim: If evolutionary distance is akin to evolutionary chance, then it follows that species assemblages that are distantly related will also be more disparate in terms of their traits, features and the niches they occupy. Yet, studies have found that the total phylogenetic distance of an assemblages, known as phylogenetic diversity, is an unreliable surrogate for functional diversity. We investigate global variation in the relationship between Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) and Mean Pairwise Functional Distance (MPFD) across latitude and the influence of migratory species on both these aspects of diversity. Location: Global. Time period: Present day. Major taxa studied: Birds. Methods: We measure PD and MPFD for over 9,000 species of bird across more than 17,000 globally distributed assemblages. We obtain standardised effect sizes for both indices by simulating assemblage composition under an ecologically informed null model. We employ path analysis to characterise variation in the relationship between PD's and MPFD across latitude, elevation and with proportion of migratory species. Results: Globally, assemblages that were phylogenetically diverse tended to be less functionally dispersed than expected; however this relationship showed considerable variation across latitude decreasing with distance from the equator. The proportion of migratory species in an assemblage was found to be an important predictor of functional diversity, with migrant rich assemblages generally showing less functional diversity than expected. We identify the Andes and Hengduan Mountains as regions of exceptional bird functional diversity. Main conclusions: The relationship between phylogenetic diversity and function diversity is context specific, varying across environmental gradients such as latitude, and influenced by ecological phenomena such a migration. Thus, care should be taken using phylogenetic diversity as a proxy for functional diversity, particularly in clades with sparse functional data. Instead we recommend that studies consider how phylogenetic diversity's surrogacy for functional diversity may be impacted by environmental context and evaluate empirical observations against biogeographically constrained and ecological informed null models.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data used in the recently submitted AGU manuscript "Global Mantle Conductivity Imaging using 3-D GDS Inversion with Real Earth Surface Conductivity Constraint"

Main data used in the recently submitted AGU manuscript "Global Mantle Conductivity Imaging using 3-D GDS Inversion with Real Earth Surface Conductivity Constraint"

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

dryad36/100