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468 results for “decidualization”
Figure 6 in Initiation and early development of the postcanine deciduous dentition in the dasyurid marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus
Figure 6. Dasyurus albopunctatus pouch young: a, (AMNH 190927; 36.64 mm skull length). Erupting teeth in the upper jaw with canine about ½ erupted. The dP1 is almost completely erupted and P3 is in early eruption. A tiny, slender dP3 is lying on the distal margins of the erupting P3, pointing posteriorly; its apex is not evident. M1 is erupted and the M2 is about ¾ erupting (not shown); b, (AMNH 221650; 37.53 mm skull length) slightly older than the preceding. The dP1 is erupted in the upper jaw and P3 is erupting (½–⅔). A tiny, elongate dP3 is evident along the posterior margins of the erupting P3; c, (BBM – NG 28247; 37.89 mm skull length). The dP1 is erupted, and the P3 is almost completely erupted in the upper jaw. A tiny, slender and elongate dP3 is evident along the distal margin of P3 and its root extends distally beneath the anterior opening of the infraorbital canal; d, (BBM – NG 97868; 47.25 mm skull length). In this older young, the P3 is almost completely erupted in the upper jaw. A tiny, slender root remnant of dP3 is evident, distal to the buccal end of P3.
Figure 4 in Initiation and early development of the postcanine deciduous dentition in the dasyurid marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus
Figure 4. Parasagittal section through the dentition in a 25-day-old pouch young (12.5 mm head length) showing the developing teeth between dP1 and M2 in the upper jaw. Arrowhead refers to the site of the missing dP2. Abbreviation: D, location of developing dP3 follicle.
Figure 2 in Initiation and early development of the postcanine deciduous dentition in the dasyurid marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus
Figure 2. Transverse sections of early developmental stages of the dentition in marsupials: a, early tooth bud forming from the dental lamina; b, early-cap stage; c, middle-bell stage with elongate dental lamina; d, late-bell stage with odontoblasts and early lingual successional lamina; e, well-developed late-bell stage with dentin and enamel. A successional early-cap stage develops from the lingual successional lamina, showing early fragmentation of the dental lamina. Abbreviations: AM, ameloblasts; D, dentin; DL, dental lamina; DP, dental papilla; E, enamel; IEE, inner enamel epithelium; OD, odontoblasts; OEE, outer enamel epithelium; SL, successional lamina; SR, stellate reticulum; TB, tooth bud.
Figure 1 in Initiation and early development of the postcanine deciduous dentition in the dasyurid marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus
Figure 1. Four early pouch young of Dasyurus viverrinus: a, 30 hours old, 3.25 mm head length (HL); b, 5–6 days old, 4.5 mm HL; c, 14 days old, 8 mm HL; d, 25 days old, 12.5 mm HL.
Figure 3 in Initiation and early development of the postcanine deciduous dentition in the dasyurid marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus
Figure 3. Transverse section through the head at the level of the developing eyes in a 10-day-old Dasyurus viverrinus embryo (7 mm head length). Note the close compression between the large tongue (T) and the nipple (N). No developing teeth are evident.
Submitted forecasts and analysis code for "Predicting spring phenology in deciduous broadleaf forests: NEON Phenology Forecasting Community Challenge"
<p>Submitted forecasts for the 2021 Ecological Forecasting Initiative NEON Phenology Forecast Challenge and the analysis code for the accompanying manuscript. </p>
Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand
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Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand
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Data for: Genomic vulnerability to climate change in Quercus acutissima, a dominant tree species in East Asian deciduous forests
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Data from: Endometrial decidualization status modulates endometrial microvascular complexity and trophoblast outgrowth in gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels
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Canopy gaps facilitate upslope shifts in montane conifers but not in temperate deciduous trees in the Northeastern United States
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Data from: Leaf functional traits predict timing of nutrient resorption and carbon depletion in deciduous subarctic plants
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Growth data was collected on one deciduous shrub species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic tussock and dry heath tundra 2004, Toolik Field Station, Alaska.
Weekly growth of plant species of three growth forms were measured in the ninth year of a long-term experiment at Toolik Field Station. The experimental treatments excluded small and large mammalian herbivores and increased soil nutrients in two arctic Alaskan tundra communities: moist acidic tussock and dry heath. This data set reports the deciduous dwarf shrub species. Please see 2004lggrgram for the tussock-forming and rhizomatous graminoid species growth data.
Phenological stages of deciduous plants were observed at a long term experimental moist acidic tussock tundra site, Arctic LTER 1996 Toolik Lake, AK.
Phenological stages of deciduous plants were observed at a long term experimental moist acidic tussock tundra site (Arctic LTER) near Toolik Field Station, AK. Also, ITEX maximum growth measurements were recorded on August 19th (moist tussock tundra). Experimental treatments at each site included factorial NxP, greenhouse and shadehouse and were begun in 1989. See 96gspheg.html and 96gsphsg. html for phenological data on evergreen and sedge species.
A Chronosequence of Biomass and Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks Across Boreal Deciduous, Mixed, and Black Spruce Forests in Interior Alaska
This dataset contains forest structure data and estimates of above- and belowground carbon and nitrogen pools for a chronosequence of sites that vary in time after fire. Sites are spread throughout interior Alaska and were selected to represent the range of forest composition, from black spruce (Picea mariana) dominance, to deciduous tree dominance (Betula neoalaskana and Populus tremuloides). Multiple transects were measured in each site
Data from: Soils from cold and snowy temperate deciduous forests release more nitrogen and phosphorus after soil freeze–thaw cycles than soils from warmer, snow-poor conditions
<p>Effects of global warming are most pronounced in winter. A reduction in snow cover due to warmer atmospheric temperature in formerly cold ecosystems, however, could counteract an increase in soil temperature by reduction of insulation. Thus, soil freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) might increase in frequency and magnitude with warming, potentially leading to a disturbance of the soil biota and release of nutrients.</p> <p>Here, we assessed how soil freeze-thaw magnitude and frequency affect short-term release of nutrients in temperate deciduous forest soils by conducting a three factorial gradient experiment with ex-situ soil samples in climate chambers. The fully-crossed experiment included soils from forests dominated by <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> (European beech) that originate from different winter climate (mean coldest month temperature range ΔT > 4 K), a range of FTC magnitudes from no (T = 4.0 °C) to strong (T = -11.3 °C) soil frost, and a range of FTC frequencies (f = 0–7). We hypothesized that higher FTC magnitude and frequency, respectively, will increase the release of nutrients. Furthermore, soils from cold climates with historically stable winter soil temperatures due to deep snow cover will be more responsive to FTC than soils from warmer, more fluctuating winter soil climates.</p> <p>FTC magnitude and, to a lesser extent, also FTC frequency resulted in increased nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate release almost exclusively in soils from cold, snow-rich sites. The hierarchical regression analyses of our three-factorial gradient experiment revealed that the effects of climatic origin (mean minimum winter temperature) followed a sigmoidal curve for all studied nutrients and was modulated either by FTC magnitude (phosphate) or by FTC magnitude and frequency (nitrate, ammonium) in complex two- and, for all studied nutrients, in threefold interactions of the environmental drivers. Compared to initial concentrations, soluble nutrients were predicted to increase to 250 % for nitrate (up to 16 µg NO<sub>3</sub>-N kg<sup>-1</sup>DM), to 110 % for ammonium (up to 60 µg NH<sub>4</sub>-N kg<sup>-1</sup>DM), and to 400 % for phosphate (2.2 µg PO<sub>4</sub>-P kg<sup>-1</sup>DM) at the coldest site for strongest magnitude and highest frequency. Soils from warmer sites showed little nutrient release and were largely unaffected by the FTC treatments except for above-average nitrate release at the warmest sites in response to extremely cold FTC magnitude.</p> <p>We suggest that currently warmer forest soils have historically already passed the point of high responsiveness to winter climate change, displaying some form of adaptation either in the soil biotic composition or in labile nutrient sources. Our data suggests that previously cold sites, which will lose their protective snow cover during climate change, are most vulnerable to increasing FTC frequency and magnitude, resulting in strong shifts in nitrogen and phosphorus release. In nutrient poor European beech forests of the studied Pleistocene lowlands, nutrients released over winter may be leached out, inducing reduced plant growth rates in the following growing season.</p> <p>Here, we provide the raw data of a three-factorial regression experiment and the R-Code used in the hierarchical regression analysis of this raw data in Kreyling et al.: Soils from cold and snowy temperate deciduous forests release more nitrogen and phosphorus after soil freeze-thaw cycles than soils from warmer, snow-poor conditions.</p>
Varying impacts of logging frequency on tree communities and carbon storage across evergreen and deciduous tropical forests in the Andaman Islands, India
<p>The majority of Earth's tropical forests have been selectively logged; some on repeated occasions. Selective logging is known to affect forest structure, composition and function in various ways, but how such effects vary with logging frequency and across forest types remains unclear. In the Andaman Archipelago in India, we examined adult and pole-sized trees in baseline (unlogged since 1990s), once-logged (logged between 2007 and 2014) and twice-logged (logged in early 1990s and between 2007 and 2014) evergreen and deciduous forests, and tested whether higher logging frequency was associated with lower canopy cover, tree density, tree diversity, aboveground carbon stocks and divergence in species composition, including increased relative abundances of deciduous species in these forests. While once-logged evergreen and deciduous forests were similar to their respective baselines for most attributes assessed, and twice-logged evergreen forests had 22–24% lower adult tree density and diversity, twice-logged deciduous forests had 17–50% lower canopy cover, pole density, adult species diversity and above-ground carbon stocks, and 12% higher deciduous fractions compared to the baselines. Collectively our results reveal lasting impacts of repeated selective logging, even at relative low intensity, on tree communities and carbon storage. These impacts can potentially be mitigated by reducing logging frequency and retaining unlogged patches in logged landscapes, but management must also incorporate heterogeneity in responses and recovery across different forest types. In the Andaman Islands, all forests may require more than 15–25 years between logging events, with deciduous forests potentially requiring more stringent extraction limits compared to evergreen forests.</p>
Leaf margins in a deciduous lineage from the Greater Cape Floristic Region track climate in unexpected directions
<p>Premise of the study: The functional significance of leaf margins has long been debated. In this study we explore influences of climate, leaf lobing, woodiness, and shared evolutionary history on two leaf margin traits within the genus Pelargonium.</p> <p>Methods: Leaves from 454 populations of Pelargonium (161 species) were collected in the Greater Cape Floristic Region and scored for tooth presence/absence and degree of lobing. Tooth density (number of teeth per interior perimeter distance) was measured for a subset of these. We compared five hypotheses to explain tooth presence and density using mixed effect models.</p> <p>Key results: Tooth presence/absence was best predicted by the interaction of leaf lobing and mean annual temperature (MAT), but often in patterns opposite to the previous literature: species were more likely to be toothed with warmer temperatures. This was particularly the case for unlobed and highly lobed leaves. In contrast, tooth density was best predicted by the interaction of MAT and the season of most rain; density declines with temperature as consistent with expectations, but only in winter- rain dominated areas. Woody and non-woody species within Pelargonium both have similar associations between tooth presence/absence and MAT, contrary to the expectation that patterns within non-woody species would be insignificant.</p> <p>Conclusions: We conclude Pelargonium leaf margins show predictable responses to climate, but these responses are complex and can contradict those found for global patterns across plant communities.</p>
Figure 5 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems
Figure 5. Occlusal view of the lower molars of the Sigmodontine rodents from Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = Akodon azarae, UFSC-CF 43-2-2, right m1-m2. (B) = Akodon sp., UFSC-CF 32-4-2, right m1-m3; (C) = Bibimys sp., UFSC-CF 32-5-2, right m1-m3. (D) = Calomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-6-2, right m1-m3. (E) = Holochilus sp., UFSC-CF 43-4-2, left m1-m3. (F) = Lundomys molitor, UFSC-CF 32-9-1, left m1-m3. (G) = Nectomys squamipes, UFSC-CF 32-10-1, right m1-m3. (H) = Oligoryzomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-11-2, right m1-m3. (I) = Oxymycterus sp., UFSC-CF 32-12-2, right m1-m3. (J) = Sooretamys angouya, UFSC-CF 32-13-2, left m1-m2. (K) = Wilfredomys oenax, UFSC-CF 32-14-2, left m1-m3. Scale bars: H = 200 µm; A, B, C, D, G, I, J, K = 500 µm; E, F = 1 mm.
Figure 4 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems
Figure 4. Occlusal view of the upper molars of the Sigmodontine rodents from the Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = Akodon azarae, UFSC-CF 43-2-1, left M1-M3. (B) = Akodon sp., UFSC-CF 32-4-1, left M1-M3. (C) = Bibimys sp., UFSC-CF 32-5-1, left M1-M3. (D) = Calomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-6-1, left M1-M3. (E) = Juliomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-7-1, left M1-M3. (F) = Holochilus sp., UFSC-CF 43-4-1, left M1-M3. (G) = Oligoryzomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-11-1, left M1-M3. (H) = Oxymycterus sp., UFSC-CF 32-12-1, left M1-M3. (I) = Sooretamys angouya, UFSC-CF 32-13-1, right M1-M3. (J) = Wilfredomys oenax, UFSC-CF 32-14-1, left M1-M3. Scale bars: C = 200 µm; A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J = 500 µm.
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