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207 results for “deterioration”
Low-frequency hearing thresholds improve as high-frequency hearing sensitivity deteriorates between young adulthood and middle age in normally hearing people
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Adaptation and competition in deteriorating environments
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Habitat deterioration relaxes resource competition and sexual selection in the threespine stickleback
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Data for: Chronic corticosterone deteriorates latrine and nesting behaviours in mice
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Urban soil quality is being deteriorated even with low heavy metal levels: An arthropod-based multi-indices approach
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Patient or family perceived deterioration in functional status and outcome after Intensive Care admission: a retrospective cohort analysis of routinely collected data
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Objective: To explore the association of patient or family reported functional deterioration (defined by a single question) in the preceding year, with mortality outcome for those admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Design: Retrospective observational analysis of a routinely collected data source.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Participants: Patients that were admitted to the ICU at Northwick Park Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust between 1/10/2017 to 15/6/2019 were included. Patients were excluded if they had a prior ICU admission during the existing hospital episode or if information on functional deterioration could not be retrieved from either the patient or their advocate.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Primary Outcomes: Mortality at the point of hospital discharge and 1 year following admission to the ICU.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Results: Of the 1006 patients who were admitted to the ICU during the study period, information on functional deterioration was available for 621 patients who were included in the analysis. From these, 251 (40.4%) patients had patient or family reported functional deterioration in the preceding year, whilst 370 (59.6%) patients had a perceived stable functional baseline. Comparing the two groups, mortality was significantly higher in those who had functionally deteriorated compared to those with stable baseline function, at the point of hospital discharge (45.4% versus 25.9%; P<0.0001) and at 1 year (59.4% versus 33.0%; P<0.0001). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Conclusion: Patient or family reported functional deterioration was significantly associated with higher mortality at the point of hospital discharge and at 1 year. The concept of functional deterioration in the lead up to ICU admission warrants further exploration.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Dataset on Article: Multiple stressors determine river ecological status at the European scale: Towards an integrated understanding of river status deterioration
<p>The shape file contains the raw data from the Global Change Biology article "River types, hydrology, riparian land use, nutrients, toxic substances, ecological status, stressor interactions". </p> <p><strong>General Information</strong></p> <p>Name of the dataset: MultipleStress_RiverEcoStatus.shp</p> <p>Type of dataset: vector data (shape file)</p> <p>Number of polygons: 52.847</p> <p>Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_WGS_1984</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contact details</strong></p> <p>Metadata / scientific contact person:</p> <p> First, last name: Sebastian Birk</p> <p> Email: <a href="mailto:sebastian.birk@uni-due.de">sebastian.birk@uni-due.de</a></p> <p> Institution: University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology</p> <p> Address: Universitätsstrasse 5</p> <p> Postal code, city: 45141 Essen</p> <p> Country: Germany</p> <p> Web address: <a href="https://www.uni-due.de/aquatic_ecology/">https://www.uni-due.de/aquatic_ecology/</a></p> <p><strong>Attribute description</strong></p> <p><strong>m_zhyd_1</strong></p> <ul> <li>Unique identifier of FEC (Functional Elementary Catchment)</li> <li>Data structure: character</li> </ul> <p><strong>mars_bt12</strong></p> <ul> <li>Broad river type aggregated</li> <li>Data structure: character</li> </ul> <p><strong>eco_stat_2</strong></p> <ul> <li>Ecological status (class)</li> <li>Data structure: character</li> </ul> <p><strong>eco_stat_n</strong></p> <ul> <li>Ecological status (numeric class)</li> <li>Data structure: integer</li> </ul> <p><strong>LoadTPArea</strong></p> <ul> <li>Total phosphorous riverine loading (unit: kg km<sup>-2</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>LoadTN_Are</strong></p> <ul> <li>Total nitrogen riverine loading (unit: kg ha<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>lu_r_urb</strong></p> <ul> <li>Percent urban land use in the riparian zone</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>lu_r_agr</strong></p> <ul> <li>Percent agricultural land use in the riparian zone</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>hy_maf_abs</strong></p> <ul> <li>Alteration of mean annual flow (ratio scale)</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>hy_bfi_abs</strong></p> <ul> <li>Alteration of base flow (ratio scale)</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>msPAFP5EC5</strong></p> <ul> <li>Multi-substance Potentially Affected Fraction of species (msPAF-EC<sub>50</sub> based on 95<sup>th</sup> percentile)</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>Further information</strong></p> <p>For more details on the dataset, see</p> <p>(Manuscript accepted, wating for publication at the moment)<br> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <p>This work was funded by the MARS project (Managing Aquatic ecosystems and water resources under multiple stress), funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme, contract no. 603378.</p>
Data from: Time to extinction in deteriorating environments
Habitat degradation and destruction are the predominant drivers of population extinction, but there is little theory to guide the analysis of population viability in deteriorating environments. To address this gap, we investigated extinction times in time-varying, demographically stochastic versions of the logistic model for population dynamics. A property of these models is the "extinction delay," a quantitative measure of the time lag in extinction created by species-specific extinction debt. For completeness, three models were constructed to represent the different demographic routes by which deterioration may affect population dynamics. Numerical analysis for two notional life histories indicated that the demographic response to environmental deterioration had a large effect on extinction delay, but a third analysis showed that the trajectory of the decline in carrying capacity ultimately characterized its magnitude. A concave decline in carrying capacity produced a large extinction delay while a small delay occurred with a convex decline. Furthermore, our results explore the non-monotonicity of extinction debt with respect to the speed of deterioration. A peak is present at low levels of deterioration, and the height of the peak and the asymptote of delay are affected by both life history parameterizations and the rate of change of the carrying capacity. The results suggest that population viability analyses must consider not only environmental deterioration, but also the effects of deterioration on the trajectory of the decline in carrying capacity.
Data from: A deteriorating state of affairs: how endogenous and exogenous factors determine plant decay rates
Woody plants store large quantities of carbon (C) and nutrients. As plants senesce and decay, these stores transfer to the soil or other organisms or are released to the atmosphere. Exogenous factors such as topographic position and microclimatic and edaphic conditions tied to locations affect decay rates; however, we know less about how exogenous relative to endogenous factors such as morphological, anatomical and chemical construction tied to plant species affect these rates, especially across different tissue types. We monitored stem, fine branch and leaf decay over 1 year in 'rot plots' distributed across four watersheds in ridge top and valley bottom habitats in a temperate deciduous oak-hickory forest at Tyson Research Center, MO, USA, in the Ozark Highlands for 21 species of woody plants that vary in their constructions. We found poor coordination across tissues in construction and decay, which likely reflects how functional constraints on living tissues influence recalcitrance to decay. Additionally, for all three tissues, species membership and construction were better predictors of decay than was location. Of the construction traits, chemical composition including total fibre, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and concentrations of multiple microelements were the best predictors of decay, although the strength of these relationships differed among tissues. Synthesis. We have long known that rates of biogeochemical cycling are influenced by exogenous factors, such as climatic and edaphic factors. Here, we show across plant tissues that endogenous factors, including species identity and tissue construction, can have stronger controls on rates of decay within our study system than do exogenous factors. However, it is likely that the relative strengths of these different controls change through time and among tissues. We predict that anatomical and morphological controls may be more important at early stages and exogenous factors may be more important at later stages of decay.
Data from: Evolutionary rescue of sexual and asexual populations in a deteriorating environment
The environmental change experienced by many contemporary populations of organisms poses a serious risk to their survival. From the theory of evolutionary rescue we predict that the combination of sex and genetic diversity should increase the probability of survival by increasing variation and thereby the probability of generating a type that can tolerate the stressful environment. We tested this prediction by comparing experimental populations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that differ in sexuality and in the initial amount of genetic diversity. The lines were serially propagated in an environment where the level of stress caused by salt increased over time from fresh water to the limits of marine conditions. In the long term, the combination of high diversity and obligate sexuality was most effective in supporting evolutionary rescue. Most of the adaptation to high-salt environments in the obligate sexual-high diversity lines had occurred by mid-way through the experiment, indicating that positive genetic correlations of adaptation to lethal stress with adaptation to sublethal stress greatly increased the probability of evolutionary rescue. The evolutionary rescue events observed in this study provide evidence that major shifts in ways of life can arise within short time frames through the action of natural selection in sexual populations.
Data from: Effect of polygenic load on striatal dopaminergic deterioration in Parkinson's disease
Objective: To investigate the effect of polygenic load on the progression of striatal dopaminergic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Using data from 335 PD patients in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database, we investigated the longitudinal association of PD-associated polygenic load with changes in striatal dopaminergic activity as measured by 123I-N-3-fluoropropyl-2-beta-carboxymethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (123I-FP-CIT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) over 4 years. PD-associated polygenic load was estimated by calculating weighted genetic risk scores (GRS) using: i) all available 27 PD-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PPMI database (GRS1); and ii) 23 SNPs with minor allele frequency > 0.05 (GRS2). Results: GRS1 and GRS2 were correlated with younger age-at-onset in PD patients (GRS1, Spearman's rho = -0.128, p = 0.019; GRS2, Spearman's rho = -0.109, p = 0.047). Although GRS1 did not show an association with changes in striatal 123I-FP-CIT availability, GRS2 was associated with a slower decline of striatal dopaminergic activity (interactions with disease duration in linear mixed model; caudate nucleus, estimate = 0.399, SE = 0.165, p = 0.028; putamen, estimate = 0.396, SE = 0.137, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Our results suggest that genetic factors for PD risk may have heterogeneous effects on the striatal dopaminergic degeneration, and some factors may be associated with a slower decline of dopaminergic activity. Composition of PD-progression specific GRS may be useful in predicting disease progression in patients.
Data from: Perturbations in growth trajectory due to early diet affect age-related deterioration in performance
Fluctuations in early developmental conditions can cause changes in growth trajectories that subsequently affect the adult phenotype. Here, we investigated whether compensatory growth has long-term consequences for patterns of senescence. Using three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), we show that a brief period of dietary manipulation in early life affected skeletal growth rate not only during the manipulation itself, but also during a subsequent compensatory phase when fish caught up in size with controls. However, this growth acceleration influenced swimming endurance and its decline over the course of the breeding season, with a faster decline in fish that had undergone faster growth compensation. Similarly, accelerated growth led to a more pronounced reduction in the breeding period (as indicated by the duration of sexual ornamentation) over the following two breeding seasons, suggesting faster reproductive senescence. Parallel experiments showed a heightened effect of accelerated growth on these age-related declines in performance if the fish were under greater time stress to complete their compensation prior to the breeding season. Compensatory growth led to a reduction in median life span of 12% compared to steadily growing controls. While life span was independent of the eventual adult size attained, it was negatively correlated with the age-related decline in swimming endurance and sexual ornamentation. These results, complementary to those found when growth trajectories were altered by temperature rather than dietary manipulations, show that the costs of accelerated growth can last well beyond the time over which growth rates differ and are affected by the time available until an approaching life-history event such as reproduction.
Data from: Large-scale proteomics of the cassava storage root and identification of a target gene to reduce post-harvest deterioration
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is the most important root crop in the tropics, but rapid postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) of the root is a major constraint to commercial cassava production. We established a reliable method for image-based PPD symptom quantification and used label-free quantitative proteomics to generate an extensive cassava root and PPD proteome. Over 2600 unique proteins were identified in the cassava root, and nearly 300 proteins showed significant abundance regulation during PPD. We identified protein abundance modulation in pathways associated with oxidative stress, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (including scopoletin), the glutathione cycle, fatty acid α-oxidation, folate transformation, and the sulfate reduction II pathway. Increasing protein abundances and enzymatic activities of glutathione-associated enzymes, including glutathione reductases, glutaredoxins, and glutathione S-transferases, indicated a key role for ascorbate/glutathione cycles. Based on combined proteomics data, enzymatic activities, and lipid peroxidation assays, we identified glutathione peroxidase as a candidate for reducing PPD. Transgenic cassava overexpressing a cytosolic glutathione peroxidase in storage roots showed delayed PPD and reduced lipid peroxidation as well as decreased H2O2 accumulation. Quantitative proteomics data from ethene and phenylpropanoid pathways indicate additional gene candidates to further delay PPD. Cassava root proteomics data are available at www.pep2pro.ethz.ch for easy access and comparison with other proteomics data.
Data from: Do 'passive' medical titanium surfaces deteriorate in service in the absence of wear?
Globally, more than 1000 tonnes of titanium (Ti) is implanted into patients in the form of biomedical devices on an annual basis. Ti is perceived to be 'biocompatible' owing to the presence of a robust passive oxide film (approx. 4 nm thick) at the metal surface. However, surface deterioration can lead to the release of Ti ions, and particles can arise as the result of wear and/or corrosion processes. This surface deterioration can result in peri-implant inflammation, leading to the premature loss of the implanted device or the requirement for surgical revision. Soft tissues surrounding commercially pure cranial anchorage devices (bone-anchored hearing aid) were investigated using synchrotron X-ray micro-fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure. Here, we present the first experimental evidence that minimal load-bearing Ti implants, which are not subjected to macroscopic wear processes, can release Ti debris into the surrounding soft tissue. As such debris has been shown to be pro-inflammatory, we propose that such distributions of Ti are likely to effect to the service life of the device.
Data from: Blood-brain barrier deterioration and hippocampal gene expression in polymicrobial sepsis: an evaluation of endothelial MyD88 and the vagus nerve
Systemic infection can initiate or exacerbate central nervous system (CNS) pathology, even in the absence of overt invasion of bacteria into the CNS. Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that human survivors of sepsis have an increased risk of long-term neurocognitive decline. There is thus a need for improved understanding of the physiological mechanisms whereby acute sepsis affects the CNS. In particular, MyD88-dependent activation of brain microvascular endothelial cells and a resulting loss of blood-brain barrier integrity have been proposed to play an important role in the effects of systemic inflammation on the CNS. Signaling through the vagus nerve has also been considered to be an important component of CNS responses to systemic infection. Here, we demonstrate that blood-brain barrier permeabilization and hippocampal transcriptional responses during polymicrobial sepsis occur even in the absence of MyD88-dependent signaling in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. We further demonstrate that these transcriptional responses can occur without vagus nerve input. These results suggest that redundant signals mediate CNS responses in sepsis. Either endothelial or vagus nerve activation may be individually sufficient to transmit systemic inflammation to the central nervous system. Transcriptional activation in the forebrain in sepsis may be mediated by MyD88-independent endothelial mechanisms or by non-vagal neuronal pathways.
Microbial Deterioration of Lamb Meat of Portuguese Origin as Affected by its Intrinsic Properties
<p>Recording of the talk “Microbial deterioration of lamb meat of Portuguese origin as affected by its intrinsic properties”, presented by Ursula Gonzales-Barron at the 71<sup>st</sup> Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, EAAP, Online virtual meeting (1-4 Dec 2020).</p>
FIGURE 25 in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations
FIGURE 25. Chemical structure of triterpenes of gum mastic from Pistacia lentiscus, part 2.
FIGURE 24 in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations
FIGURE 24. Chemical structure of triterpenes of gum mastic from Pistacia lentiscus, part 1.
FIGURE 22 in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations
FIGURE 22. Chemical structure of the ingredients of gum dammar from an unknown species.
FIGURE 6 in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations
FIGURE 6. Chemical structure of the ingredients of Canada balsam from Abies balsamea.
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OpenNeuro
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