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181 results for “diet composition”
The nutritional condition of moose co-varies with climate, but not with density, predation risk, or diet composition
<p>A fundamental question about the ecology of herbivore populations pertains to the relative influence of biotic and abiotic processes on nutritional condition. Nutritional condition is influenced in important, yet poorly understood, ways by plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) which can adversely affect a herbivore's physiology and energetics. Here we assess the relative influence of various abiotic (weather) and biotic (intraspecific competition, predation risk and diet composition) factors on indicators of nutritional condition and the energetic costs of detoxifying PSMs for the moose population in Isle Royale National Park (U.S.A.). Specifically, we observed interannual variation in the ratio of urea nitrogen to creatinine (UN:C), an indicator of nutritional restriction, over 29 years and the ratio of glucuronic acid to creatinine (GA:C), an indicator of energetic investment, in detoxifying PSMs over 19-years. Both UN:C and GA:C were measured in samples of urine-soaked snow. Most importantly, climatic factors explained 66% of the interannual variation in UN:C, with moose being more nutritionally stressed during winters with deep snow and during winters that followed warm summers. None of the biotic factors (density, predation, diet composition) were useful predictors of UN:C or GA:C. The absence of a relationship between diet composition and either UN:C or GA:C suggests that the nutritional ecology of wild herbivores is probably complicated by fine-scale variation in protein content and concentrations of PSMs amongst plants of the same species. UN:C increased with GA:C at both the individual and population-level. That result is consistent with detoxification being energetically costly, such that it impairs nutritional condition and also highlight show spatio-temporal variation in the intake and detoxification of PSMs may influence population dynamics. Lastly, because we observed interannual variation in nutritional condition over three decades and detoxification over two decades these findings are relevant to concerns about how herbivore populations respond to climate change.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Rosenfeld S, Marambio J, Ojeda J, Rodríguez JP, González-Wevar C, Gerard K, Contador T, Pizarro G, Mansilla A (2018) Trophic ecology of two coexisting Sub-Antarctic limpets of the genus Nacella: Spatio-temporal variation in food availability and diet composition of Nacella magellanica and N. deaurata in the Sub-Antarctic Ecoregion of Magellan . ZooKeys 738: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.738.21175
Tables S1–S11 : Explanation note: This is a DOC file with all the temporal information of the occurrence of the algae taxa in both localities, and all the information of the PERMANOVA analyzes used in this study.
We are what we eat, plus some per mill: Using stable isotopes to estimate diet composition in Gyps vultures over space and time
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>1. Dietary studies in birds of prey involve direct observation and examination of food remains at resting and nesting sites. Although these methods accurately identify diet in raptors, they are time consuming, resource intensive and associated with biases that stem from the feeding ecology of raptors like <i>Gyps </i>vultures (<i>Gyps africanus</i> and <i>Gyps rueppelli</i>). Our study set out to estimate diet composition in <i>Gyps </i>vultures informed by stable isotopes that provide a good representation of assimilated diet from carrion resources in local systems. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p>2. We hypothesized that differences in <i>Gyps </i>vulture diet composition is a function of sampling location, and that these vultures move between Serengeti National Park and Selous Game Reserve to forage. We also, theorized that grazing ungulates are the principal items in <i>Gyps</i> vulture diet. </p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>3. Through a combination of linear and Bayesian models, diet derived from d<sup>13</sup>C in <i>Gyps</i> vultures consisted of grazing herbivores across study areas, with those in Serengeti National Park consuming higher proportions of grazing herbivores (> 87%). d<sup>13</sup>C differences in vulture feather subsets per site did not indicate vulture diet change, and in combination with blood d<sup>13</sup>C, vultures fed largely on grazers for ~159 days before they were sampled in both sites. Similarly, d<sup>15</sup>N values implied that <i>Gyps </i>vultures fed largely on herbivores across space and time. d<sup>34</sup>S ratios separated prey source for vultures between the two sites. d<sup>34</sup>S variation in vultures across sites resulted from differences in baseline (plant) d<sup>34</sup>S values, though it is not possible to match d<sup>34</sup>S to specific locations. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>4. Our findings highlight the relevance of repeated sampling that considers tissues with varying isotopic turnover and emerging Bayesian techniques for dietary studies using stable isotopes. Findings also suggested limited vulture movement between the two local systems. However, more sampling coupled with telemetry is required to fully comprehend this observation and its implications to <i>Gyps</i> vulture ecology and conservation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Diet, Body Composition, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Health of Healthy and Active Adults From Slovenia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04379622. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Diet and Body Composition
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01530724. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 16.
The Effect of Diet Counseling for Low Calorie-High Protein on the Body Composition, Inflammation Marker, and Oxidative Stress Marker in Obese People With Weight Cycling
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03374150. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Fuel Utilization, Diet Composition, and Exercise in African American Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04293367. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Diet Composition - Metabolic Regulation and Long-term Compliance
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00692536. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
The Effect of Diet Composition on Performance, Expenditure, Blood Lipids, and Appetite Hormones in Highly Trained Cyclists
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04097171. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effects of a Wholegrain Diet on Body Composition and Energy Balance
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01411540. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Walnut Ingestion in Adults at Risk for Diabetes: Effects on Body Composition, Diet Quality, and Cardiac Risk Measures
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02330848. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Effects of Very Low-calorie Diet Versus Bariatric Surgery on Body Composition and Gut Microbiota Pattern
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05459675. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
Effects of Short-term Diet on HDL Composition and Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03205254. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Role of Macronutrient Diet Composition and Infant Metabolic Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01719029. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Effects of a Low Glycemic Load Diet on Dysglycemia and Body Composition in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05723445. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 21.
Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition and Performance in Soccer Players
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04078971. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Effect of a Low-carbohydrate, High-protein Energy-restricted Diet on Weight and Body Composition Using DXA
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04646733. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Diet Composition, Weight Control, and Breast Carcinogenesis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01315483. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effects of an Exercise and Diet Program on Biochemistry and Body Composition in Patients With CKD in G1 and G2 Stages
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06912425. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Connection Between Nutrition Education, Behavior, and Body Composition in Women Following a Mediterranean Diet
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07247578. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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