Find research datasets worth reusing

opennotspecifiedAug 2020View details →

Fig. 5 in Diterpenoids from Euphorbia royleana reverse P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cells

Fig. 5. Experimental CD spectrum (red line) of compound 2, and the Rh2(OCOCF3)4 induced CD spectrum (black line) of 2 in CH2Cl2 for 190–450 nm (left), and the applied bulkiness rule for secondary alcohols (right). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedJul 2020View details →

Fig. 5 in Bioactive ent-isopimarane diterpenoids from Euphorbia neriifolia

Fig. 5. Calculated and experimental ECD spectra of 1−5 (a) σ = 0.29 eV; UV shift = 15 nm. (b) σ = 0.30 eV; UV shift = 5 nm. (c) σ = 0.29 eV; UV shift = 10 nm. (d) σ = 0.31 eV; UV shift = 5 nm. (e) σ = 0.32 eV; UV shift = 13 nm.

Fig. 4 in Peltate glandular trichomes of Colquhounia vestita harbor diterpenoid acids that contribute to plant adaptation to UV radiation and cold stresses

Fig. 4. Polyalthic acid improved photosynthetic efficiency (A–F) and expression of peroxidative enzyme genes (G) of A. thaliana seedlings upon UV radiation. The different letters a, b and c represent significant differences according to one-way ANOVA (p <0.05). Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (n = 5).

Fig. 3 in Peltate glandular trichomes of Colquhounia vestita harbor diterpenoid acids that contribute to plant adaptation to UV radiation and cold stresses

Fig. 3. Polyalthic acid improved the resistance of A. thaliana to UV radiation and cold stresses. (A and D) A. thaliana seedlings grown in medium containing DMSO (A) and polyalthic acid (D) under normal growth conditions. (B and E) A. thaliana seedlings grown in medium containing DMSO (B) and polyalthic acid (E) after UV radiation stress. (C and F) A. thaliana seedlings grown in medium containing DMSO (C) and polyalthic acid (F) after cold stress. (G) The biomass of A. thaliana seedlings treated with polyalthic acid upon UV radiation and cold stresses. (H) MDA content of A. thaliana seedlings treated with polyalthic acid upon UV radiation and cold stresses. The different letters a, b, c and d represent significant differences according to one-way ANOVA (p <0.05). Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (n = 5).

Fig. 6. A in Peltate glandular trichomes of Colquhounia vestita harbor diterpenoid acids that contribute to plant adaptation to UV radiation and cold stresses

Fig. 6. A hypothetical working model for the roles of polyalthic acid in peltate GTs of C. vestita in enhancing the plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. Dashed arrows indicate the possible pathway in this work, and solid arrows represent the pathways that have already been verified in this work.

Fig. 4 in Specialized diterpenoid metabolism in monocot crops: Biosynthesis and chemical diversity

Fig. 4. Diterpenoid metabolism in wheat. Overview of the established modular diterpenoid-metabolic network in wheat (Triticum aestivum), involving the conversion of the central precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) through the combined activity of class II diterpene synthases (green boxes) and class I diterpene synthases (blue boxes). Representative pathway intermediates are highlighted. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Peltate glandular trichomes of Colquhounia vestita harbor diterpenoid acids that contribute to plant adaptation to UV radiation and cold stresses

Fig. 1. Morphology, collection and metabolic analysis of Colquhounia vestita peltate glandular trichomes (GTs). (A) C. vestita in bloom in a natural habitat. (B) Peltate GTs on the abaxial leaf surface (scale bar = 10 μm). (C) Capitate GTs on the abaxial leaf surface (scale bar = 10 μm). (D) Intact peltate GTs before laser microdissection (LMD) (scale bar = 100 μm). (E) The remaining leaf tissue after LMD (scale bar = 100 μm). (F) Collected peltate GTs (scale bar = 200 μm). (G) Total ion chromatogram of the methanol extract of microdissected peltate GTs using UPLC-MS/MS. (H–J) MS spectra of peaks 1–3.

Fig. 2 in Specialized diterpenoid metabolism in monocot crops: Biosynthesis and chemical diversity

Fig. 2. Diterpenoid metabolism in rice. Overview of the established modular diterpenoid-metabolic network in rice (Oryza sativa), involving the conversion of the central precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) through the combined activity of class II diterpene synthases (green boxes), class I diterpene synthases (blue boxes), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (orange) and select other enzyme classes (pink). Representative pathway intermediates and end products are highlighted. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Peltate glandular trichomes of Colquhounia vestita harbor diterpenoid acids that contribute to plant adaptation to UV radiation and cold stresses

Fig. 2. Chemical structures of 5-epi-hardwickiic acid (1), polyalthic acid (2), and E-communic acid (3).

Fig. 1 in Specialized diterpenoid metabolism in monocot crops: Biosynthesis and chemical diversity

Fig. 1. Size and functional diversity of diterpene synthase families in Poaceous crops. (A) Genome size (grey) and number of demonstrated or predicted diterpene synthases (diTPSs; black) in selected Poaceous crop species. Genome sizes were retrieved from public repositories (https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov/; https://www.maizegdb.org/; http://www.gramene.org/). (B) Presence of functionally characterized Poaceous class II diTPSs involved in general (black circles), specialized (white circles), and general and/or specialized (grey circles) metabolism. Triangles represent class I diTPSs shown to function in combination with individual class II diTPSs in in vitro or in vivo activity assays.

Fig. 5 in Peltate glandular trichomes of Colquhounia vestita harbor diterpenoid acids that contribute to plant adaptation to UV radiation and cold stresses

Fig. 5. Polyalthic acid improved the Ca2+ concentration in the root tips of A. thaliana seedlings (A–F) and gene expression involved in the Ca2+ signalling pathway (G) upon cold stress. The different letters a, b, c and d indicate significant differences according to one-way ANOVA (p <0.05). Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (n = 5).

Fig. 3 in Specialized diterpenoid metabolism in monocot crops: Biosynthesis and chemical diversity

Fig. 3. Diterpenoid metabolism in maize. Overview of the established modular diterpenoid-metabolic network in maize (Zea mays), involving the conversion of the central precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) through the combined activity of class II diterpene synthases (green boxes), class I diterpene synthases (blue boxes), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (orange) and select other enzyme classes (pink). Representative pathway intermediates and end products are highlighted. KA, A-series kauralexins 1-4; KB, B-series kauralexins 1-4. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 6 in Grayanane diterpenoid glucosides as potent analgesics from Pieris japonica

Fig. 6. Analgesic activities of grayanane diterpenoid glucosides 1–15. Data represented the mean ± SEM of the values obtained from 10 mice. *** p <0.001, statistically significant differences between the test compounds and vehicle (veh). Morphine (morph) was used as a positive control.

Fig. 7 in Phytotoxic neo-clerodane diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Scutellaria barbata

Fig. 7. Phytotoxic effects of compound 2, 20, 21, 22, 25, 27, and glyphosate (positive control) on the growth of the roots and shoots of L. sativa seedlings at concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25 μg/mL, respectively. (A) L. sativa shoot, (B) L. sativa root. (*) p <0.05, (**) p <0.01, and (***) p <0.001 versus the control group.

Fig. 6 in Phytotoxic neo-clerodane diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Scutellaria barbata

Fig. 6. Phytotoxic effects of compound 2, 3, 15, 18, 20, 25, 29, 32, and glyphosate (positive control) on the growth of the roots and shoots of L. perenne seedlings at concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25 μg/mL, respectively. (A) L. perenne root, (B) L. perenne shoot. (*) p <0.05, (**) p <0.01, and (***) p <0.001 versus the control group.

Fig. 5 in Phytotoxic neo-clerodane diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Scutellaria barbata

Fig. 5. Phytotoxic effects of the MeOH extract, the EtOAc fraction, and the n-BuOH fraction on the growth of the roots and shoots of L. perenne and L. sativa seedlings at concentrations of 400, 200, 100, 50 μg/mL, respectively. (A) L. perenne root, (B) L. perenne shoot, (C) L. sativa root, (D) L. sativa shoot. (*) p <0.05, (**) p <0.01, and (***) p <0.001 versus the control group.