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298 results for “dominant species”
FIG. 7 in Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis
FIG. 7. — Phylogram generated by Maximum Likelihood analysis based on nrITS sequence data of Russula pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. and allied species. Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support values (MLbs) ≥ 70% are shown on the left of "/" and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 are shown on the right above or below the branches at nodes. Russula pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. is placed in red font to highlight its phylogenetic position in the tree.
FIG. 12. — Russula shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K in Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis
FIG. 12. — Russula shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. (from holotype): A, basidiospore; B, elements of the pileipellis near the pileus margin: hyphal terminations and pileocystidia; C, hymenial cystidia near the lamellae sides; D, basidia; E, hymenial cystidia near the lamellae edges; F, elements of the pileipellis near the pileus centre: hyphal terminations and pileocystidia. Scale bars: 10 µm.
FIG. 3 in Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis
FIG. 3. — Phylogram generated by Maximum Likelihood analysis based on combined sequence data of nrLSU, mtSSU and rpb2 for Russula boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh & K.Das, sp. nov., R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. and R. shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. and their allied species. Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support values (MLbs) ≥ 70% are shown on the left of "/" and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 are shown on the right above or below the branches at nodes. The new species are placed in red font to highlight their phylogenetic positions in the tree.
FIG. 5 in Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis
FIG. 5. — Russula boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh & K.Das, sp. nov. (from holotype): A-D, fresh and dissected basidiomata in the field and basecamp; E, F, transverse section through pileipellis showing elements; G, transverse section through lamellae showing hymenial gloeocystidia near the lamellae edges; H, I, transverse section through lamellae showing hymenial gloeocystidia near the lamellae sides; J, transverse section through lamellae showing basidia. Scale bars: A, 40 mm; E, 100 μm; F-J, 10 μm.
Data from: Dominant species stabilize pollination services through response diversity, but not cross-scale redundancy
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Species functional traits affect regional and local dominance across western Amazonian forests
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Data from: Species that dominate spatial turnover can be of (almost) any abundance
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The impact of warming on peak-season ecosystem carbon uptake is influenced by dominant species in warmer sites
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Data for: Genomic vulnerability to climate change in Quercus acutissima, a dominant tree species in East Asian deciduous forests
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Data and code from: River network connectivity reductions dominate declines in the richness of plateau fish species under climate change in the upper Yangtze River Basin
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Opposing community assembly patterns for dominant and non-dominant plant species in herbaceous ecosystems globally
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Data from: Neuropeptide receptor distributions in male and female Eulemur vary between female-dominant and egalitarian species
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Mutualism-enhancing mutations dominate early adaptation in a two-species microbial community
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Soil fungal community and activity under dominant plant species at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico: October 2013
We measured fungal composition and activity in the soil under dominant plant species across a grassland to shrubland transition to determine if shrubs cultivate soil microbial communities as they encroach grasslands. The project was conducted in the northern Chihuahuan desert at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (site of the Sevilleta LTER) in New Mexico on October 20, 2013. Soils were collected under one shrub (Larrea tridentata) and three grass (Bouteloua eriopoda, Bouteloua gracilis, Pleuraphis jamesii) species in grassland, shrubland, and the ecotone region between grasslands and shrublands. Soil fungal communities were evaluated using DNA amplicon sequencing and fungal activity was quantified using several extracellular enzyme activity assays. Soil texture and soil chemistry were also measured.
Foliar nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al) for dominant species on moist acidic and non-acidic tundra, Arctic LTER, Toolik Field Station , Alaska, 1999.
Foliar nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al) for dominant species on moist acidic and non-acidic tundra, Arctic LTER, Toolik Field Station , Alaska, 1999.
Foliar and litter nutrients and retranslocation efficiencies (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al) for dominant species on moist acidic and non-acidic tundra, Arctic LTER, Toolik Field Station , Alaska, 1999.
Foliar and litter nutrients and retranslocation efficiencies (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) for dominant species on moist acidic and non-acidic tundra, Arctic LTER, Toolik Field Station , Alaska, 1999.
Effects of Kangaroo Rats on Plant Species Dominance in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1988)
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of burrowing activities by banner-tail kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis Merriam) on plant community structure and species dominance for two patch types at an ecotone between shortgrass steppe and desert grasslands in New Mexico, USA. Ten mounds produced by kangaroo rats were selected in patches dominated by Bouteloua gracilis (the dominant in shortgrass steppe communities) and ten mounds were selected in patches dominated by Bouteloua eriopoda (the dominant in Chihuahuan desert grasslands). Plant cover and density by species were sampled from three locations associated with each mound: the mound proper, the edge of the mound in the transition area, and the off-mound vegetation. Similar cover of B. eriopoda for the edges of mounds in both patch types indicates the ability of this species to respond to animal disturbances regardless of the amount of cover in the surrounding undisturbed vegetation. By contrast, cover of B. gracilis was low for all mounds and mound edges in patches dominated by this species. Much higher cover of B. eriopoda on mound edges compared to the undisturbed vegetation in B. gracilis- dominated patches indicates that kangaroo rats have important positive effects on this species. Lower cover of perennial grasses and higher cover of forbs, shrubs, and succulents on the edges of mounds in B. eriopoda - dominated patches compared to patches dominated by B. gracilis indicate the importance of surrounding vegetation to plant responses on disturbed areas. Our results show that kangaroo rats have important effects on both species dominance and composition for different patch types, and may provide a mechanism for small-scale dominance patterns at an ecotonal boundary; thus providing further support for their role as keystone species in desert grasslands.
Contrasting responses to climate change at Himalayan treelines revealed by population demographics of two dominant species
<ol> <li><span>Alpine treelines are expected to shift upward due to recent climate change. However, interpretation of changes in montane systems has been problematic because effects of climate change are frequently confounded with those of land use changes. The eastern Himalaya, particularly Langtang National Park, Central Nepal, has been relatively undisturbed for centuries and thus presents an opportunity for studying climate change impacts on alpine treeline uncontaminated by potential confounding factors.</span></li> <li><span>We studied two dominant species, <i>Abies spectabilis </i>and <i>Rhododendron campanulatum</i>, above and below the treeline on two mountains. We constructed 13 transects, each spanning up to 400m in elevation, in which we recorded height and state (dead or alive) of all trees, as well as slope, aspect, canopy density, and measures of anthropogenic and animal disturbance. In a subset of individuals, we determined the age of the plants with tree rings.</span></li> <li>All size classes of <i>R. campanulatum</i> plants had lower mortality above treeline than below it, and young <i>R. campanulatum</i> plants (<2m tall) were at higher density above treeline than below. <i>A. spectabilis</i> shows little evidence of a position change from the historic treeline, with a sudden extreme drop in density above treeline compared to below. Recruitment, as measured by size class distribution, was greater above treeline than below for both species but <i>A. spectabilis</i> is confined to ~25m above treeline whereas <i>R. campanulatum</i> is luxuriantly growing up to 200m above treeline. </li> <li> <i>Synthesis.</i> Evidence suggests that the elevational limits of <i>R. campanulatum</i> have shifted upward both because (1) young <i>R. campanulatum</i> plants above treeline benefited from facilitation of recruitment by surrounding vegetation, allowing upward expansion of recruitment, and (2) increased adult survival due to a general temperature amelioration to mature plants. We predict that the current pure stand of <i>R. campanulatum</i> growing above treeline will be colonized by <i>A. spectabilis</i> that will, in turn, outshade and eventually relegate <i>R. campanulatum </i>to be a minor component of the community, as is the current situation below the treeline. </li> </ol>
Species redistribution combined with invasive dominance but not species turnover promotes biotic homogenization following invasion
<p>Disentangling the processes lead to biotic homogenization is important and will guide conservation efforts. Temporal turnover in species composition (i.e., β-diversity) and changes in local α-diversity are two distinct processes drive biotic homogenization, but these effects may be masked by invasive dominance. After removing invasive dominance, we compared the changes in species diversity and species distribution patterns before and after invasion aims to measure the relative contribution of species turnover and local diversity changes to biological homogenization. Invasive dominance indeed had an important contribution to biotic homogenization, and the effects increased with an increase in the invasive species number. Species composition of native plots was not significantly different from invaded plots when removing invasive species. Invasion changed native species distribution patterns and promoted the wide spread of most species, which causes an increase in local richness and community evenness. We highlight that species redistribution combined with invasive dominance but not species turnover promotes biotic homogenization, especially at early invasion stages. Avoiding the ecological impacts of biotic homogenization following invasion will require much stronger proactive management to prevent invasive dominance as well as increase monitoring at the early stages of invasion.</p>
Data from: Influential neighbours: seeds of dominant species affect the germination of common grassland species
<p><b>Questions</b></p> <p>Germination is the prerequisite of successful establishment in plant communities and is influenced by many factors. Therefore, seeds are under strong selective pressure to sense and integrate information about their environment and modulate germination based on them. In this study, we focus on interspecific seed-seed interactions under optimal and sub-optimal conditions to test three hypotheses: (H1) Dominant species' seeds and emerging seedlings are most likely to be recognized and insert significant effect on the germination of common subordinate species; (H2) Taxonomically related species are expected to exert stronger influence than un-related species on the germination of neighbouring seeds; (H3) Facilitative interactions are more likely to occur under sub-optimal conditions (drought stress) in the seed-seed interactions.</p> <p><b>Location</b></p> <p>Semi-dry temperate grassland belonging to Festuco-Brometea class, Cluj-Napoca, Romania</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>We assessed the rate and speed of germination of three common subordinate Asteraceae species (target species) in a controlled germination experiment. <span>The target species' seeds were sown in combination with low and high densities of neighbour species: two dominant Poaceae species, two subordinate Asteraceae species and two subordinate Apiaceae species; under optimal or drought conditions.</span></p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Under optimal water conditions, particularly the seeds of the two dominant Poaceae species affected the germination of target species. Under drought stress, almost all neighbouring species altered the germination of two of the target species, enhancing or reducing their germination rate. Facilitation in seed-seed interactions was proved to be species-specific rather than general under drought conditions.</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b></p> <p>We found evidence that the status in a plant community (dominant or subordinate), but not the taxonomic relatedness influences the outcome of seed-seed interactions during germination. Under drought stress, the persistent competitive effect of the dominant species might considerably hinder the recruitment of subordinate grassland species.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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