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Figs 14–15. Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 14 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Figs 14–15. Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 14 – male; 15 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Figs 32–42 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Figs 22–23. Phanaeus pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 22 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Figs 22–23. Phanaeus pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 22 – male green phase; 23 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Figs 1–5. Phanaeus tridens Castelnau, 1840. 1 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Figs 1–5. Phanaeus tridens Castelnau, 1840. 1 – male green phase; 2 – male green-red phase; 3 – neotype and labels, present designation (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN); 4 – P. frankenbergeri junior subjective synonymy, holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC); 5 – EDMONDS' (1994) neotype of P. tridens and labels (by Simon Hinkley, NMVA). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 65 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Fig. 65. Predicted distribution of P. daphnis Harold, 1863, P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939 and P. herbeus Bates, 1887.

Fig. 69 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Fig. 69. Niche overlap of the P. tridens species group. Right: overlap pairwise comparison using two indexes (Warren's I and Schoener's D). Left: dendrogram result of the UPGMA analysis of the indexes.

Fig. 63 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Fig. 63. Phallobase, parameres and endophallite copulatrix of the P.tridens species group. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 13. Phanaeus coeruleus Bates, 1887 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Fig. 13. Phanaeus coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev., holotype and labels (by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Data for: Trap type affects dung beetle taxonomic and functional diversity in Bornean tropical forests

Dung beetle community composition data. Data was collected using either dung-baited pitfall traps or flight interception traps. Each row represents one trap, with the author/study information, name of study site, sampling period, trap type and habitat type. Dung beetle species and their abundances are listed. See "metadata" tab for more details. Paper abstract: Baited pitfall traps (BPTs) and flight intercept traps (FITs) are the most common methods employed for sampling dung beetle communities. These methods vary in their efficacy and are affected by factors such as the bait types used and the dispersal abilities of different dung beetle species. We present the first quantitative comparison of the taxonomic and functional diversity, and community composition of dung beetles caught in BPTs and FITs in Bornean tropical forests. We show that BPTs and FITs captured complementary communities with different functional traits, and that BPTs captured more functionally diverse communities. We therefore recommend using a combination of both baited BPTs and FITs for studies assessing the composition of dung beetles across habitat types. Our results also highlight that it is important to consider how trap type affects the trait composition of communities when relating dung beetle communities and functional traits to ecological functioning. We suggest modifications to FITs based on the design of harp traps to increase their effectiveness in capturing larger-bodied beetles.

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Brood ball data from the dung beetle species Phanaeus vindex exposed to warmer temperatures

Temperature profoundly impacts insect development, but plasticity of reproductive behaviours may mediate the impacts of temperature change on earlier life stages. Few studies have examined the potential for adult behavioural plasticity to buffer offspring from the warmer, more variable temperatures associated with climate change. We used a field manipulation to examine whether the dung beetle Phanaeus vindex alters breeding behaviours in response to temperature changes and whether behavioural shifts protect offspring from temperature changes. Dung beetles lay eggs inside brood balls made of dung that are buried underground. Brood ball depth impacts the temperatures offspring experience with consequences for development. We placed adult females in either control or greenhouse treatments that simultaneously increased temperature mean and variance. We found that females in greenhouse treatments produced more brood balls that were smaller and buried deeper than controls, suggesting brood ball number or burial depth may come at a cost to brood ball size, which can impact offspring nutrition. Despite being buried deeper, brood balls from the greenhouse treatment experienced warmer mean temperatures but similar amplitudes of temperature fluctuation relative to controls. Our findings suggest adult behaviours may partially buffer developing offspring from temperature changes.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Linked collectors and determiners for: Two new genera of Australian dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with the description of six new species and transfer of six described species.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Two new genera of Australian dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with the description of six new species and transfer of six described species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/43ebda6c-201a-46af-8b54-e7980b8d79e1">https://bionomia.net/dataset/43ebda6c-201a-46af-8b54-e7980b8d79e1</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/43ebda6c-201a-46af-8b54-e7980b8d79e1">https://gbif.org/dataset/43ebda6c-201a-46af-8b54-e7980b8d79e1</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Figure 4 in Dung beetle conservation in a heterogeneous landscape of the Maputaland Centre of Endemism

Figure 4. Contribution of each spatial component (habitat and patch size) to total species numbers sampled in the entire reserve (gamma diversity, n = 61 species); alpha (α) = diversity contributed by study sites; beta (β1) = diversity between study sites; beta (β2) = diversity between habitats. Proportions contributed by alpha and beta diversity are shown by the divisions within the bars whereas numbers of species are shown inside the bars (see methods). DF = dune forest; SF-L, SF-M, SF-S = large, medium and small sand forest patches; G = grassland.

Figure S1 in Dung beetle conservation in a heterogeneous landscape of the Maputaland Centre of Endemism

Figure S1. Rarity index values for each species ranked from highest to lowest. Dotted lines show rare species found at up to two sites and indicate the high proportion of the total species (~60%) found at eight sites or less (key to blocks of species numbers in Table S1; species in bold biased to grassland occurrence).

Figure 3 in Dung beetle conservation in a heterogeneous landscape of the Maputaland Centre of Endemism

Figure 3. Box plots comparing number of species (A) and abundance (B) in each habitat type (DF = dune forest, SF-L, SF-M, SF-S = large, medium and small sand forest patches, G = grassland). Within each box, the mid-line represents the median whereas the lower and upper extents of the box represent the interquartile range Q1 = 25th percentile and Q3 = 75th percentile, respectively. Whiskers are minimum and maximum values. Black points represent outliers. Different letters indicate statistical differences at P <0.05.

Figure 2 in Dung beetle conservation in a heterogeneous landscape of the Maputaland Centre of Endemism

Figure 2. Frequency distribution for proportions of species recorded at 32 study sites in MSR (n = 4 in dune forest; n = 7 in grassland and each of three patch sizes of sand forest). Dotted lines delineate the relative incidence of rar- er species at study sites. Note that a high percentage of the total species are found only in 25% of the sampled sites. See Figure S1 for values of the species rarity index.

Figure 1. A in Dung beetle conservation in a heterogeneous landscape of the Maputaland Centre of Endemism

Figure 1. A, map outlining the study area and showing the position of Maputo Special Reserve (MSR) in relation to land usage in the surrounding area of southeast Mozambique and northeast KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (nature and game reserves are marked by green and yellow, darker grey outlines the Lubombo Conservancy, unprotected areas are pale grey, Indian Ocean, inlets and lagoons are blue) (redrawn from Peace Parks Foundation 2020); B, position of sampling localities in MSR plotted onto Google Earth; L1–L7 = study sites at each locality in large, medium and small sand forest patches plus grassland; L8, DF1–DF4 = dune forest study sites. Position of most forest sites was measured at the point of entry as the GPS could not detect satellites under the canopy.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Fig. 8 in Macrochelid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with dung beetles in Mount Gede-Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia

Fig. 8. Sternal shield of A. Macrocheles gedeensis with l.o.p. connected to l.m.t. and B. of M. persimilis which is disjunct to l.m.t.

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Figure 3 in Feeding and reproductive behavior of the dung beetle Canthon rutilans cyanescens (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)

Figure 3 - Number (A) and weight (B) of Canthon rutilans cyanescens brood balls maintained in laboratory conditions according to distinct food supplies. Treatments: feces of Canis lupus familiaris (domestic dog), Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), Sapajus nigritus (black capuchin) and Puma concolor (cougar). The central line of each box corresponds to the median per couples, boxes show 75th percentile and 25th, lines are the upper and lower limits and points are outliers; different letters indicate statistical inequality.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

Figure 2 in Comparison of dung beetle communities (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in oil palm plantations and native forest in the eastern Amazon, Brazil

Figure 2 Extrapolation and rarefaction of species richness in forest and oil palm plantation dung beetle communities. Shaded area represents 95% confidence limits. This figure is in color in the electronic version.