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121 results for “ecological factors”
Data from: Discovering biogeographic and ecological clusters with a graph theoretic spin on factor analysis
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Data from: Should we sync? Seascape-level genetic and ecological factors determine seagrass flowering patterns
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Effect of ecological factors on fine-scale patterns of social structure in African lions
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Data from: Divergent estimates of herd-wide caribou calf survival: ecological factors and methodological biases
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Data from: Maintenance of deceptive gifts in a natural spider population: ecological and demographic factors
Alternative mating tactics are expected to occur predominantly when mate competition is intense, resources are in short supply, or as a result of asymmetric power relationships between individuals. Males of the nuptial gift-giving spider Pisaura mirabilis use a prevailing tactic of offering a nutritive gift (insect prey) and a deceptive tactic of offering a worthless gift (consumed prey) to prospective mates. If the male's tactic depends on pre-copulatory male-male competition, worthless gifts should occur primarily late in the season, when the operational sex ratio (OSR) becomes male-biased. If it depends on resource availability and/or post-copulatory sexual selection (sperm competition), worthless gifts should occur mostly early in the mating season, when prey availability is low and most females are unmated (i.e. post-copulatory sexual selection is weak). Nuptial gift construction correlated positively with prey availability and negatively with OSR, suggesting that males increase reproductive effort when resource and mate availability increase. We did not find evidence for body condition affecting male tactic use. Male size had a marked effect on the reproductive tactic employed. Males that matured early in the season were very small and employed mostly the nutritive gift tactic during their short life. Among the males that matured later and persisted through the season, relatively small males employed the worthless gift tactic whereas large males employed the nutritive gift tactic. We suggest that the existence of two distinct life history strategies among males (early small and late large size) interacts with environmental and demographic conditions to maintain the deceptive tactic.
Data from: Interactions between ecological factors in the developmental environment modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous fly
1. In holometabolous insects, adult fitness depends on the quantity and quality of resource acquired at the larval stage. Diverse ecological factors can influence larval resource acquisition, but little is known about how these factors in the larval environment interact to modulate larval development and adult traits. 2. Here, we addressed this gap by considering how key ecological factors of larval density, diet nutritional composition, and microbial growth interact to modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (aka 'Queensland fruit fly'). 3. Larvae were allowed to develop at two larval densities (low and high), on diets that were protein-rich, standard, or sugar-rich and prepared with or without preservatives to inhibit or encourage microbial growth, respectively. 4. Percentage of adult emergence and adult sex ratio were not affected by the interaction between diet composition, larval density and preservative treatments, although low preservative content increased adult emergence in sugar-rich diets but decreased adult emergence in protein-rich and standard diets. 5. Pupal weight, male and female adult dry weight, and female (but not male) body energetic reserves were affected by a strong three-way interaction between diet composition, larval density and preservative treatment, whereby in general, low preservative content increased pupal weight and female lipid storage in sugar-rich diets particularly at low-larval density, and differentially modulated the decrease in adult body weight caused by larval density across diets. 6. Our findings provide insights into the ecological factors modulating larval development of a polyphagous fly species, and shed light into the ecological complexity of the larval developmental environment in frugivorous insects.
Identifying relationships between multi-scale social-ecological factors to explore ungulate health in a Western Kazakhstan rangeland
<p>1. Rangelands are multi-use landscapes which are socially and ecologically important in different ways. Among other interactions, shared use of rangelands by wildlife and livestock can lead to disease transmission. Understanding wildlife and livestock health and managing disease transmission in rangelands requires an integration of social and ecological knowledge.</p> <p>2. Using the example of Western Kazakhstan, home to two types of ungulate hosts, the critically-endangered saiga antelopes, <i>Saiga tatarica</i>, and livestock, we conducted a cross-scale analysis of social-economic, ecological and climatic factors that contribute to transmission of diseases. We focused on Gastro-intestinal Nematodes (GINs) because they are transmitted between hosts that share pasture and they affect ungulate fitness. We used an interdisciplinary social-ecological methods approach which included conducting fecal egg counts of GINs in saigas and livestock, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with livestock owners and herders in the region, and triangulation of information through secondary sources.</p> <p>3. Livestock rearing was done in two ways a) village-based livestock and b) outlying farms. The latter overlapped more with saigas. Village-based livestock had significantly higher worm burdens than those on outlying farms, which had comparable burdens to saigas. Various factors exacerbate GIN prevalence and transmission: Veterinary services are minimal; both saiga and livestock numbers are increasing; and changing climate is increasing farmers' dependence on shared pastures for hay production. It will be crucial for saiga conservationists to engage in multi-pronged conservation interventions, which are evaluated and adapted through the lens of rural livelihoods and the livestock health on which they depend.</p> <p>4. <em>Synthesis and Application: </em>Our work provides researchers and practitioners with an avenue to better understand complex inter-relationships and plan interventions within rangelands, while viewing host health from an interdisciplinary perspective - ultimately working towards wildlife conservation whilst safeguarding livelihoods across the world's rangelands.</p>
Drivers of intraspecific differentiation of the alpine cold tolerant herb Notopterygium oviforme: the roles of isolation by distance and ecological factors
<p>Determining the driver mechanisms of phenotypic and genetic divergence of species have long been the central topic in evolutionary biology. However, the relative roles of isolation by distance (IBD) and environment factors in contributing to species divergence is largely undetermined in perennial herbs in East Asia. In this study, we collected population genetic samples of a cold-tolerant perennial herb <i>Notopterygium oviforme</i> in central China. We integrated the population transcriptomes, whole chloroplast genomes, genotyping-by-sequencing, microsatellite markers and ecological environment factors to determine the relative contributions of geography, climatic and soil factors on genetic, chemical and phenotypic trait divergence. The clearly genetic distinction was identified between the west Qinling (WQ) and east Qinling Mountains (EQ) geographical groups within<i> N. oviforme</i>. Interestingly, the two groups have existed the obviously niche conservatism, which might have caused the similarity of most leaf functional traits. Multiple matrix regression with randomization analysis showed that the spatial pattern of intraspecific divergence mainly resulted from effect of IBD, not isolation by environment. Meanwhile, transcriptomic expression divergence and some ecological factors have played the key roles in differentiation of intraspecific lineage. Approximate Bayesian Computation showed that both lineages have experienced the historically population expansion, and the recent range contraction. Molecular dating suggested that the intraspecific divergence was closely associated with the dramatically uplifts of the Qinling Mountains in East Asia. These results demonstrated that the geography, geological and environmental factors together shaped the cryptic intraspecific diversification and population dynamics shifts of<i> </i>perennial cold tolerant herb.</p>
FIGURE 18 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study
FIGURE 18. Distribution of the O. undulans species complex.
FIGURE 19 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study
FIGURE 19. Distribution of the O. aureofuscus species complex.
FIGURE 17 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study
FIGURE 17. Distribution of the O. fuscus species complex.
FIGURE 16 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study
FIGURE 16. Distribution of the O. chevrolati species complex.
FIGURE 10 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study
FIGURE 10. Digital Elevation Model of the Mexican Transition Zone.
FIGURE 6 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study
FIGURE 6. Onthophagus chevrolati, male dorsal view.
FIGURE 2 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study
FIGURE 2. Onthophagus vespertilio, male dorsal view.
FIGURE 1 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study
FIGURE 1. The origins of the American Onthophagus modified from Palestrini (1985).
FIGURE 12 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study
FIGURE 12. Distribution of O. vespertilio.
FIGURE 7 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study
FIGURE 7. Onthophagus cyanellus, male dorsal view.
FIGURE 4 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study
FIGURE 4. Onthophagus brevifrons, male dorsal view.
FIGURE 5 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study
FIGURE 5. Onthophagus moroni, male dorsal view.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.