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3,583 results for “elevations”
10-meter elevation contours, Niwot Ridge LTER Project Area, Colorado
10-meter contour map spanning the Silver Lake Watershed, including Green Lakes Valley, Niwot Ridge LTER, and parts of adjacent Brainard Lake Recreation Area and Indian Peaks Wilderness. Made from a filtered 10-meter lattice, which was made from the Niwot Ridge LTER TIN model (ltertin). This dataset was made to support hierarchical GIS databases at the Niwot Ridge LTER. Additional information concerning the Niwot Ridge LTER hierarchical GIS can be found in Walker et al. (1993).
20-meter elevation contours, Niwot Ridge LTER Project Area, Colorado
20-meter contour map spanning the Silver Lake Watershed, including Green Lakes Valley, Niwot Ridge LTER, and parts of adjacent Brainard Lake Recreation Area and Indian Peaks Wilderness. Made from a filtered 10-meter lattice, which was made from the Niwot Ridge LTER TIN model (ltertin). This dataset was made to support hierarchical GIS databases at the Niwot Ridge LTER. Additional information concerning the Niwot Ridge LTER hierarchical GIS can be found in Walker et al. (1993).
10-meter elevation contours, Green Lakes Valley, Niwot Ridge LTER, Colorado
10-meter contours clipped with a box made from extents of the Green Lakes Valley 1999 high-resolution orthorectified imagery dataset (glv.tif). This dataset was made to support hierarchical GIS databases at the Niwot Ridge LTER. Additional information concerning the Niwot Ridge LTER hierarchical GIS can be found in Walker et al. (1993).
2-meter elevation contours, Saddle grid, Niwot Ridge LTER, Colorado
Coverage of 2-meter contours at Saddle grid. 1:500 scale. This dataset is part of the Saddle grid geographic information system (GIS). Additional information concerning the Niwot Ridge LTER hierarchical GIS can be found in Walker et al. (1993).
Above- and belowground biomass of S. alterniflora in elevational marsh planter experiments, Plum Island, MA, PIE LTER
Spartina is grown in experimental elevation planters placed in draining ponds on the salt marsh platform. The planters are constructed from PVC pipes of varying lengths. All of the PVC pipes are open at the bottom, and flush to the mudflat surface of the pond, resulting in the tops of the pipes being situated at various relative elevations within the tidal range. Plants growing in the shorter PVC pipes are flooded for a longer duration of each tidal cycle than plants growing in the taller PVC pipes. The growth response of S. alterniflora when exposed to different flood frequencies is monitored by monthly estimates of biomass (determined non-destructively from plant heights) and by destructive 'harvesting' of all above- and belowground plant material at the end of the growing season.
Above- and belowground biomass of S. patens in elevational marsh planter experiments, Plum Island, MA, PIE LTER.
Spartina patens is grown in experimental elevation planters placed in draining ponds on the salt marsh platform. The planters are constructed from PVC pipes of varying lengths. All of the PVC pipes are open at the bottom, and flush to the mudflat surface of the pond, resulting in the tops of the pipes being situated at various relative elevations within the tidal range. Plants growing in the shorter PVC pipes are flooded for a longer duration of each tidal cycle than plants growing in the taller PVC pipes. The growth response of S. patens when exposed to different flood frequencies is monitored by destructive 'harvesting' of all above- and belowground plant material at the end of the growing season.
PIE LTER, marsh surface marker horizon measurements at each Surface Elevation Table (SET) site, Rowley, MA.
Marker horizon depth measurements at each Surface Elevation Table (SET) site. Marker horizons are commonly used in conjunction with the SET. Marker horizons measure vertical accretion which predominantly incorporates surface processes.
PIE LTER marsh vegetation species composition and elevation along nine transects in 2000 and 2001
We selected 9 transects from a set of 40 marsh surveys conducted in 2000 and 2001 to use as a baseline for monitoring changes in species composition and marsh elevation across a broad spatial scale in the Plum Island Estuary. In the early surveys, latitude, longitude and elevation, as well as salt and brackish marsh vegetation composition were documented using cover classes on individual plots. Results from those surveys have been compiled here.
PIE LTER marsh vegetation species composition and elevation along nine transects in 2021
Salt and brackish marsh vegetation distribution was documented using cover classes (modified Braun-Blanquet) on individual plots along 9 transects in the Plum Island Estuary. The plots were also surveyed for elevation rel mNAVD88 using RTK GPS . The plots and transects had been surveyed for vegetation and elevation in 2001. The re-survey is designed to monitor changes in species composition and marsh elevation across a broad spatial scale over the previous 20 years. The survey will also serve as a baseline for future marsh monitoring work with UAVs.
Measurements of aquatic production and respiration in tidal creeks draining high and low elevation marshes.
Production and respiration measurements of aquatic systems can help to inform calculations of whole system metabolism. These measurements are focused on creeks draining high and low elevation marsh systems to develop a better understanding of connectivity between aquatic production and consumption and coastal salt marshes. Production and respiration were determined by measuring oxygen changes in creek water incubated in light and dark bottles.
LIDAR Derived Dune-Crest Elevation Values and Shrub Prediction Morphometrics for the Virginia Coast Reserve Barrier Islands: 2010 - 2017
This dataset includes LIDAR derived dune-crest elevation values for the VCR for 2010-2017. Dune-crest elevation values were sampled every 100 m from Smith to Cedar islands. The ArcGis Pro file includes the location of dune-crest transects. Additionally, this dataset includes island characteristics related to predicting shrub presence or absence for 2010, 2016, and 2017.
Evaporation of materials from the molten salt reactor fuel under elevated temperatures - Dataset
<p>The release of fission product and salt compounds from a molten salt reactor fuel under accident conditions was investigated with coupled computer simulations. The thermodynamic modeling of the salt and fission product mixture was performed in The Gibbs Energy Minimization Software GEMS and the obtained compound vapor pressures were exchanged with the severe accident code MELCOR, where the evaporation from a salt surface located at the bottom of a confinement building was simulated. The fuel salt considered in the simulations was LiF-ThF<sub>4</sub>-UF<sub>4</sub> with fission products Cs and I. The composition of the fuel salt material was obtained from an equilibrium fuel cycle simulation of the salt using the EQL0D routine coupled to the Serpent 2 code. The results were compared to simulations using pure compound vapor pressures in the evaporation simulations. It was observed that by modeling the salt mixing the release of fission products and salt materials was reduced when compared to the pure compound simulations. The mixing effects in the salt, when compared to the pure compound simulation also affected evaporation temperatures and therefore the timing of the release of compounds. In an additional simulation in which the depressurization of the confinement was considered, the total evaporated mass of compounds increased due to increased mass transfer at the salt surface. The simulation process described in this paper can be used for a more comprehensive accident analysis of molten salt reactors once the detailed description of the reactor confinement and accident sequences are available and more fission product elements have been added to the analysis.</p>
Elevation Models for Reproducible Evaluation of Terrain Representation - Inventory of Renderings
<p>This is an inventory of 155 renderings from 78 publications on terrain visualization techniques. The renderings guided the selection of landform types in the elevation models that are proposed in the following article:</p> <p><em>Kennelly, P. J., Patterson, T., Jenny, B., Huffman, D. P., Marston, B. E., Bell, S. and Tait, A. M. (2021). Elevation models for reproducible evaluation of terrain representation. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 48:1, 63–77. DOI: <a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2020.1830856">10.1080/15230406.2020.1830856</a></em></p> <p>Visualization techniques include colored aspect, contour lines, hypsometric tints, plan oblique relief, relief shading, rock and scree representation, and spot heights. The inventory contains information about display scale of the sample renderings, landform types, cell size, and geographic location of the digital elevation models. Also inventoried are how authors evaluated their renderings, how scale was indicated on the renderings, and whether the cell size and source of elevation data was included.</p> <p>The inventory is formatted as a single table in CSV UTF-8 and MS Excel .xlsx formats. Papers are grouped by visualization type; attributes of each rendering are stored on a single row.</p>
Psoriasis is associated with elevated gut IL-1α and intestinal microbiome alterations
<p>Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition that predominantly affects the skin and is associated with extracutaneous disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and arthritis. Changes in gut immunology and microbiota are important drivers of proinflammatory disorders and could play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Therefore, we explored whether psoriasis in a Central Asian cohort is associated with alterations in select immunological markers and/or microbiota of the gut. Methods: We undertook a case-control study of stool samples collected from outpatients, aged 30-45 years, of a dermatology clinic in Kazakhstan presenting with plaque, guttate or palmoplantar psoriasis (n=20), and age-sex matched subjects without psoriasis (n=20). Stool supernatant was subjected to multiplex ELISA to assess the concentration of 47 cytokines and immunoglobulins and to 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial diversity in both psoriasis participants and controls. Results: The psoriasis group tended to have higher concentrations of most analytes in stool (29/47=61.7%) and gut IL-1α was significantly elevated (4.19-fold, p=0.007) compared to controls. Levels of gut IL-1α in the psoriasis participants remained significantly unaltered up to three months after the first sampling (p=0.430). Psoriasis was associated with alterations in gut Firmicutes, including elevated Faecalibacterium and decreased Oscillibacter and Roseburia abundance, but no association was observed between gut microbial diversity or Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios and disease status.<br> Conclusions: Psoriasis may be associated with gut inflammation and dysbiosis. Studies are warranted to explore the use of gut microbiome-focused therapies in the management of psoriasis in this under-studied population.</p>
Paulina Polder precise Elevation (Netherlands)
The dataset corresponds to a precise AHN-2 5m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Paulina Polder area in the Netherlands.
Paulina Polder Elevation (Netherlands)
The dataset corresponds to a precise AHN-2 5m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Paulina Polder area in the Netherlands.
Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and lava outlines from the 2023 Litla-Hrútur eruption, Iceland, from Pléiades satellite stereoimages
<p><strong>Introduction:</strong></p><p>On the 10th of July 2023, at 16:40, an eruption started in the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, next to the mountain "Litla-Hrútur". As part of the response, the CIEST2 french initiative was activated (Gouhier et al., 2022). Once activated, Pléiades stereoimages were tasked and scheduled for fast delivery within the area of Interest. On the 20th of August 2023 an additional stereopair of images from Pléiades was acquired and processed after the eruption had stopped.</p><p>Once acquired and delivered, the Pléiades images were processed following the methods described in the section below. This repository contains the near-real time results of DEMs, difference maps compared to a pre-eruption DEM, and lava outlines digitized from the difference map and the orthoimage.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:</p><p>The Pléiades stereoimages were processed using the Ames StereoPipeline (ASP, Shean et al., 2016, see ASP branch in repository), yielding a DEM in 2x2m GSD and an orthoimage in 0.5x0.5m GSD. The processing was done using as only input the stereoimages and their orientation information, as Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs). The <i>parallel_stereo </i>routine performs all the steps needed in the correlation of the stereoimages, yielding a pointcloud which is then interpolated using the routine <i>point2dem</i>. Besides default parameters, the <i>parallel_stereo</i> parameters used for creation of the DEMs were the standard parameters, plus the following ones: </p><p><i>--stereo-algorithm asp_mgm --corr-tile-size 300 --corr-timeout 900 --cost-mode 3 --subpixel-mode 9 --corr-kernel 7 7 --subpixel-kernel 15 15</i></p><p>Once the DEM was created, DEM co-registration was applying in order to align and minimize positional biases between the pre-eruption DEM and the Pléiades DEMs. We followed the co-registration method of Nuth & Kääb (2011), implemented by David Shean's co-registration routines (<a href="https://github.com/dshean/demcoreg">https://github.com/dshean/demcoreg</a>, Shean et al., 2016). The co-registration involved a horizontal and vertical shift of the Pléiades DEMs, as well as a planar tilt correction. The horizontal offset obtained from the DEM co-registration was also applied to the Pléiades orthoimages.</p><p>The pre-eruption DEM used for this study is a survey done on the 27th of September 2022, data collected Birgir Óskarsson and Robert A. Askew (Icelandic Institute of Natural History) and processed by Sydney R. Gunnarsson and Joaquín M.C. Belart (National Land Survey of Iceland). Metadata of this dataset is available here: https://gatt.lmi.is/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/c59da6cf-18ee-44af-a085-afbad0de029a</p><p>Lava outlines were manually digitized from the co-registered Pléiades orthoimages, The lava outlines are available as GeoPackages in the "GPKG" branch of the repository.</p><p>At the moment, the results from Pléiades are used by the Institute of Earth Sciences of the Univesity of Iceland (Jarðvisindustofnun Háskoli Íslands) to estimate lava volumes and effusion rate, following the methods described in Pedersen et al. (2022). Please contact the authors if these data are intended to be used for a similar purpose, in order to avoid conflict of interests or duplicate work. We encourage collaboration and data sharing for the purpose of the monitoring of the eruption and for research applications.</p><p><strong>Data naming convention:</strong></p><p>faf_YYYYMMDD_hhmmss_hhmmss_*align.tif: DEM obtained from the processing, co-registered to the reference pre-eruption DEM.</p><p>faf_YYYYMMDD_hhmmss_hhmmss_*align_diff.tif: Difference of elevation between the Pléiades DEM and the pre-eruption DEM.</p><p>faf_YYYYMMDD_hhmm.gpkg: Polygon containing the lava outlines, extracted from the Pléiades orthoimage and the map of elevation difference.</p><p>0_faf_YYYYMMDD_hhmmss_hhmmss_*fig.png: A figure showing the latest map of elevation difference, overlaid with a hillshade of the latest Pléiades DEM and the latest lava outlines, result of the processing of the Pléiades stereoimages. The figure was created using the tool imviewer.py from the GitHub repository https://github.com/dshean/imview (Shean et al., 2016).</p><p><strong>Data Specifications:</strong></p><ul><li>Cartographic projection: ISN93 / Lambert 1993 (EPSG:3057, <a href="http://https:/epsg.io/3057">https://epsg.io/3057</a>)</li><li>Origin of Elevation: meters above GRS80 ellipsoid (WGS84)</li><li>Raster data format: GeoTIFF</li><li>Raster compression system: LZW</li><li>Vector data format: GeoPackage (<a href="https://www.geopackage.org/">https://www.geopackage.org/</a>)</li><li>Pléiades dataset includes only DEMs because the Pléiades ortho imagery is for licensed use only. Please contact the authors for further information on this.</li></ul><p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong>: </p><p>Pléiades images from July 2023 were provided under the CIEST² initiative (CIEST2 is part of ForM@Ter (<a href="https://en.poleterresolide.fr/">https://en.poleterresolide.fr/</a>). Pléiades images from August 2023 were provided under the CEOS Volcano Supersite (https://ceos.org/ourwork/workinggroups/disasters/gsnl/). Image Pléiades©CNES2023, distribution AIRBUS DS.</p><p><strong>Dataset Attribution</strong>:</p><p>This dataset is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 International License</a> (Attribution-NonCommercial).</p><p><strong>Citation:</strong></p><p>Please cite this repository as described below:</p><p>Joaquin M.C. Belart, Virginie Pinel, Hannah. I. Reynolds, Etienne Berthier, & Sydney R. Gunnarson. (2023). Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and lava outlines from the 2023 Litla-Hrútur eruption, Iceland, from Pléiades satellite stereoimages (1) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10133203</p>
BST/NOAA PSL Level 2 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature for SPLASH
<p>This dataset contains uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-resolution data of soil moisture at the 0-5 cm soil depth, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), surface temperature, and digital elevation for the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrology (SPLASH) campaign sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These data were collected near Avery Picnic (38.972425 degrees N,106.996855 degrees W) and Kettle Ponds (38.942005 degrees N,106.973006 degrees W) in the East River Watershed in Colorado from a series of flights starting on June 1st, 2022 and ending October 18th, 2023. Soil moisture measurements were retrieved using the Lobe Differencing Correlation Radiometer (LDCR) which is a L-Band (1-2 GHz) microwave radiometer and was flown on the E2 and S2 aerial platforms operated by Black Swift Technologies LLC. </p> <p> </p> <p>Each zip file contains a set of four Level 2 NetCDF files which provides the highest spatial resolution available for each of four products for a given flight location. With the Level 2 data, each flight location and variable can have different spatial resolutions depending on the sensor type, retrieval algorithm, and flight altitude. The file name convention for the zip files is as follows.</p> <p> </p> <p>uas_L2_yyyymmdd_hhmmss_vX.X.zip </p> <p>where</p> <p>L2 = Level 2 data </p> <p>yyyymmdd = year,month,day</p> <p>hhmmss = hour,minute,second</p> <p>vX.X = version number</p> <p>Time is the flight start time in UTC.</p> <p> </p> <p>The NetCDF file format contained in the zip files has a similar format to the zip files with convention</p> <p> </p> <p>uas_<var>_L2_yyyymmdd_hhmmss.nc </p> <p>where</p> <p><var> = vsm, dem, ndvi, or stmp</p> <p>vsm = volumetric soil moisture</p> <p>dem = digital elevation</p> <p>ndvi = normalized difference vegetation index</p> <p>stmp = surface temperature</p> <p> </p> <p>Note that each flight location using the E2 aerial platform required two flights so starting flight times for the soil moisture NetCDF files are different from the other three products.</p> <p><strong>November 2023 update</strong>: Version 2.0 added flight data from 2023. Version 2.0 includes an updated calibration of the soil moisture retrieval that has been applied to 2023 data, and a mask was applied to the soil moisture retrieval over water surfaces for both 2022 and 2023 data.</p> <p><strong>December 2023 update</strong>: Version 2.1 updated soil moisture data with a wet bias in v2.0 for flights #2 (17:40:35 UTC) and #3 (19:24:45 UTC) on July 27, 2022.</p>
Stability Increase of Phenolic Acid Decarboxylase by a Combination of Protein and Solvent Engineering Unlocks Applications at Elevated Temperatures
<p>Enzymatic decarboxylation of biobased hydroxycinnamic acids gives access to phenolic styrenes for adhesive production. Phenolic acid decarboxylases are proficient enzymes that have been applied in aqueous systems, organic solvents, biphasic systems, and deep eutectic solvents, which makes stability a key feature. Stabilization of the enzyme would increase the total turnover number and thus reduce the energy consumption and waste accumulation associated with biocatalyst production. In this study, we used ancestral sequence reconstruction to generate thermostable decarboxylases. Investigation of a set of 16 ancestors resulted in the identification of a variant with an unfolding temperature of 78.1 °C and a half-life time of 45 h at 60 °C. Crystal structures were determined for three selected ancestors. Structural attributes were calculated to fit different regression models for predicting the thermal stability of variants that have not yet been experimentally explored. The models rely on hydrophobic clusters, salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, and surface properties and can identify more stable proteins out of a pool of candidates. Further stabilization was achieved by the application of mixtures of natural deep eutectic solvents and buffers. Our approach is a straightforward option for enhancing the industrial application of the decarboxylation process.</p>
Global Alpine Treeline Elevational Transects
<p>Elevational transects within alpine treeline ecotones worldwide.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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