Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Data from: Sleep disorders in anti-NMDAR encephalitis

<p>This is supplemetal data (tables and methods) from a paper submitted for publication, whose objective was to describe the sleep disorders in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARe).</p>

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Encephalization and longevity evolved in a correlated fashion in Euarchontoglires but not in other mammals

Across mammals, encephalization and longevity show a strong correlation. It is not clear, however, whether these traits evolved in a correlated fashion within mammalian orders, or when they do, whether one trait drives changes in the other. Here, we compare independent and correlated evolutionary models to identify instances of correlated evolution within six mammalian orders. In cases of correlated evolution, we subsequently examined transition patterns between small/large relative brain size and short/long lifespan. In four mammalian orders, these traits evolved independently. This may reflect constraints related to energy allocation, predation avoidance tactics, and reproductive strategies. Within both primates and rodents, and their parent clade Euarchontoglires, we found evidence for correlated evolution. In primates, transition patterns suggest relatively larger brains likely facilitated the evolution of long lifespans. Because larger brains prolong development and reduce fertility rates, they may be compensated for with longer lifespans. Furthermore, encephalization may enable cognitively-complex strategies that reduce extrinsic mortality. Rodents show an inverse pattern of correlated evolution, whereby long lifespans appear to have facilitated the evolution of relatively larger brains. This may be because longer-lived organisms have more to gain from investment in encephalization. Together, our results provide evidence for the correlated evolution of encephalization and longevity, but only in some mammalian orders.

opencc-zeroDec 2011View details →

Data from: Comparative analysis of encephalization in mammals reveals relaxed constraints on anthropoid primate and cetacean brain scaling

There is a well-established allometric relationship between brain and body mass in mammals. Deviation of relatively increased brain size from this pattern appears to coincide with enhanced cognitive abilities. To examine whether there is a phylogenetic structure to such episodes of changes in encephalization across mammals, we used phylogenetic techniques to analyse brain mass, body mass and encephalization quotient (EQ) among 630 extant mammalian species. Among all mammals, anthropoid primates and odontocete cetaceans have significantly greater variance in EQ, suggesting that evolutionary constraints that result in a strict correlation between brain and body mass have independently become relaxed. Moreover, ancestral state reconstructions of absolute brain mass, body mass and EQ revealed patterns of increase and decrease in EQ within anthropoid primates and cetaceans. We propose both neutral drift and selective factors may have played a role in the evolution of brain–body allometry.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Aquatic microfauna alter larval food resources and affect development and biomass of West Nile and Saint Louis encephalitis vector Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Ciliate protists and rotifers are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and can comprise a significant portion of the microbial food resources available to larval mosquitoes, often showing substantial declines in abundance in the presence of mosquito larvae. This top-down regulation of protists is reported to be strong for mosquitoes inhabiting small aquatic containers such as pitcher plants or tree holes, but the nature of these interactions with larval mosquitoes developing in other aquatic habitats is poorly understood. We examined the effects of these two microbial groups on lower trophic level microbial food resources, such as bacteria, small flagellates, and organic particles, in the water column, and on Culex larval development and adult production. In three independent laboratory experiments using two microeukaryote species (one ciliate protist and one rotifer) acquired from field larval mosquito habitats and cultured in the laboratory, we determined the effects of Culex nigripalpus larval grazing on water column microbial dynamics, while simultaneously monitoring larval growth and development. The results revealed previously unknown interactions that were different from the top-down regulation of microbial groups by mosquito larvae in other systems. Both ciliates and rotifers, singly or in combination, altered other microbial populations and inhibited mosquito growth. It is likely that these microeukaryotes, instead of serving as food resources, competed with early instar mosquito larvae for microbes such as small flagellates and bacteria in a density-dependent manner. These findings help our understanding of the basic larval biology of Culex mosquitoes, variation in mosquito production among various larval habitats, and may have implications for existing vector control strategies and for developing novel microbial-based control methods.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Inference of Japanese encephalitis virus ecological and evolutionary dynamics from passive and active virus surveillance

A comprehensive monitoring strategy is vital for tracking the spread of mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Virus detection consists of passive surveillance of primarily humans and swine, and/or active surveillance in mosquitoes, which may be a valuable proxy in providing insights into ecological processes underlying the spread and persistence of JEV. However, it has not been well characterized whether passive surveillance alone can capture the circulating genetic diversity to make reasonable inferences. Here, we develop phylogenetic models to infer JEV host changes, spatial diffusion patterns, and evolutionary dynamics from data collected through active and passive surveillance. We evaluate the feasibility of using JEV sequence data collected from mosquitoes to estimate the migration histories of genotypes GI and GIII. We show that divergence times estimated from this dataset were comparable to estimates from all available data. Increasing the amount of data collected from active surveillance improved time of most recent common ancestor estimates and reduced uncertainty. Phylogenetic estimates using all available data and only mosquito data from active surveillance produced similar results, showing that GI epidemics were widespread and diffused significantly faster between regions than GIII. In contrast, GIII outbreaks were highly structured and unlinked suggesting localized, unsampled infectious sources. Our results show that active surveillance of mosquitoes can sufficiently capture circulating genetic diversity of JEV to confidently estimate spatial and evolutionary patterns. While surveillance of other hosts could contribute to more detailed disease tracking and evaluation, comprehensive JEV surveillance programs should include systematic surveillance in mosquitoes to infer the most complete patterns for epidemiology, and risk assessment.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Fitness of mCherry Reporter Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Tick Experimental Models

<p>Figures and open datasets from the publication about the reporter TBEV in tick experimental models by Kevély et al., 2022 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122673">https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122673</a>)</p>

Fig. 6 in Protozoal encephalitis associated with Sarcocystis calchasi and S. falcatula during an epizootic involving Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) in coastal Southern California, USA

Fig. 6. Gel electrophoresis of the S. calchasi ITS1 PCR of the brain (B) and muscle (M) tissues from eight Brandt's cormorants with neurologic disease and protozoal encephalitis. Bird Nos. 1–7 from Los Angeles County are strongly positive (No. 1 muscle tissue is negative likely due to sampling and too low quantity) while No. 8 from Orange County is negative on all tissues. The encephalitis in bird 8 was demonstrated to be due to S. falcatula. Columns C1M, C2M, C3M and C3B are positive control tissues from pigeons with S. calchasi infection.

Fig. 3 in Protozoal encephalitis associated with Sarcocystis calchasi and S. falcatula during an epizootic involving Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) in coastal Southern California, USA

Fig. 3. Brain HE photomicrograph demonstrating multiple schizonts (*)easily detected in the Brandt's cormortant from Orange County (No. 8) infected with S. falcatula. Note the thick perivascular cuffing, severe lymhohistiocytic perivasculitis and encephalitis (arrow). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Protozoal encephalitis associated with Sarcocystis calchasi and S. falcatula during an epizootic involving Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) in coastal Southern California, USA

Fig. 1. Locations of 22 of 69 Brandt's cormorants admitted to wildlife rehabilitation centers along the coast of southern California, U.S.A., between March and May 2019 with neurological signs (square) (A). Locations of the eight (Nos. 1–8) Brandt's cormorants submitted to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Rancho Cordova, CA) for postmortem exam (circle) from wildlife rehabilitation centers in Los Angeles County (B) and Orange County (C).

Fig. 4 in Protozoal encephalitis associated with Sarcocystis calchasi and S. falcatula during an epizootic involving Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) in coastal Southern California, USA

Fig. 4. All eight Brandt's cormorants contained small numbers of protozoal cysts in the thigh skeletal muscles, sometimes in duplicate (*).

IL-2 in Refractory Autoimmune Encephalitis

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02714959. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 6.

Determining Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine When Given With Measles Vaccine

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00412516. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Long-term Follow-up of Immunogenicity of a Single Dose of Japanese Encephalitis Chimeric Virus Vaccine (JE-CV) in Toddlers

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01001988. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 0.

Comparison of Three Commercial Batches of the Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine IC51

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00595465. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 0.

A Safety and Efficacy Study of Two Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ChimeriVaxTM-JE and JE-VAX

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00319592. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Open-label, Randomized Study in a Pediatric Population in a JEV (Japanese Encephalitis Virus)-Endemic Country

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01296360. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Immunogenicity and Safety of the Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine IC51 (IXIARO®, JESPECT®) in a Pediatric Population in Non-endemic Countries

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01047839. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 5. Publications: 0.

Effect of Vigabatrin in Refractory Autoimmune Encephalitis Patients

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03003143. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.