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195 results for “equilibrium”
Sex linkage of the skeletal muscle sodium channel gene (SCN4A) explains apparent deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium of tetrodotoxin-resistance alleles in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis)
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Supplementary Material to "Comparison of equilibrium climate sensitivity estimates from slab ocean, 150-year, and longer simulations"
<p>This is supplementary data for Dunne, J. P., et al. (2020). Comparison of equilibrium climate sensitivity estimates from slab ocean, 150-year, and longer simulations. Geophysical Research Letters. 2020GL088852R. Data in this repository can be unpacked and the files are in the form- NetCDF and matlab files, along with a README. </p> <p>Model data for global average values of net top of the atmosphere radiative balance (W m-2) and 2m air temperature (degrees celsius) for preindustrial control and 4x abrupt CO2 simulations for a variety of models used in LongRunMIP, CMIP5, and CMIP6, as well as scripts used to calculate equilibrium climate sensitivity from these simulations. </p> <p> </p>
Online Resource 2 - Radial displacement at the tunnel wall of a tunnel excavated with a single shield TBM at the state of equilibrium (comparison between different calculation methods)
<p>The radial displacement at the tunnel wall at the state of equilibrium calculated with the various ConVergence-ConFinement (CV-CF) methods is compared with the results obtained with a 3D numerical model of a tunnel excavation. A sensibility analysis is performed in order to compare the performance of the CV-CF approaches. The choice of the values of the mechanical parameters of the ground and of the lining is carried out in an attempt to cover the large range of situations encountered within single shield TBM. The total set of results from the sensibility analysis is shown in this work. Results obtained from some empirical formula proposed by the authors are also included.</p>
Online Resource 1 – Maximal hoop stress developed in the lining of a tunnel excavated with a single shield TBM at the state of equilibrium (comparison between different calculation methods)
<p>The maximal hoop stress developed in the lining of a tunnel at the state of equilibrium calculated with the various ConVergence-ConFinement (CV-CF) methods is compared with the results obtained with a 3D numerical model of a tunnel excavation. A sensibility analysis is performed in order to compare the performance of the CV-CF approaches. The choice of the values of the mechanical parameters of the ground and of the lining is carried out in an attempt to cover the large range of situations encountered within single shield TBM. The total set of results from the sensibility analysis is shown in this work. Results obtained from some empirical formula proposed by the authors are also included. <strong>A version 2 of the document with some minor corrections has been published. </strong></p>
GEMINI3D: RISR equilibrium simulations
<p>GEMINI3D simulation data near RISR. This data is used to initialize simulations of arbitrary fidelity, within the geophysical boundaries of the equilibrium simulation.</p>
Supplementary Material for "Kinetic Analysis of the Hydrolysis of Pentose-1-phosphates through Apparent Nucleoside Phosphorolysis Equilibrium Shifts"
<p>This is the external Supplementary Information for our publication "Kinetic Analysis of the Hydrolysis of Pentose-1-phosphates through Apparent Nucleoside Phosphorolysis Equilibrium Shifts".</p> <p>The .pdf file contains the Supplementary Information: author contributions, experimental procedures, derivation of equations and supplementary items.</p> <p>The .zip file contains the raw data and metadata for all items (supplementary and main text) and the calculations.</p> <p>Like most publications, this one builds on previous work. The Python code used for spectral unmixing is available on this platform (10.5281/zenodo.3243376) and has been described in our previous publications (10.3390/mps2030060, 10.5281/zenodo.3333469, 10.1002/cbic.202000204, 10.5281/zenodo.3723806 ). Further applications of this method can be found in our recent article in <em>Adv. Synth. Catal.</em> (10.1002/adsc.201901230) and its supporting material (10.5281/zenodo.3568858), as well as a preprint (10.26434/chemrxiv.12993416.v1) and its supporting material (10.5281/zenodo.4043929).</p>
Radiative-equilibrium models for Giacobbe et al. (2021), Nature
<p>This is the repository for the radiative-equilibrium atmospheric models used in:</p> <p> <strong><em>Five carbon- and nitrogen-bearing species in a hot giant planet atmosphere</em></strong></p> <p>by Giacobbe et al. (2021), Nature, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03381-x.</p> <p>The run_radeq/ folder contains the HD209458b atmospheric models computed under the assumption of radiative and thermochemical equilibrium with the pyratbay code, as described in the methods section of Giacobbe et al. (2021).</p> <p>The file names indicate the adopted elemental metallicity and C/O abundance ratios, e.g., the "<em>HD209458b_radeq_000.001x-solar_CO-0.10.atm</em>" file corresponds to a metallicity of 0.001 times solar and a C/O ratio of 0.1.</p> <p>The Python script "<em>fig_radeq_atmospheres.py</em>" reproduces the extended data figures showing the radiative-equilibrium atmospheric models of Giacobbe et al. (2021), which are also provided in the plots/ folder.</p>
Data from: Equilibrium and non-equilibrium phases in the radiation of Hakea and the drivers of diversity in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems
Mediterranean-Type ecosystems (MTEs) contain exceptional plant diversity. Explanations for this diversity are usually classed as either "equilibrium", with elevated MTE diversity resulting from greater ecological carrying capacities, or "non-equilibrium", with MTEs having a greater accumulation of diversity over time. These models have typically been considered as mutually exclusive. Here we present a trait-based explanatory framework that incorporates both equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics. Using a large continental Australian plant radiation (Hakea) as a case study, we identify traits associated with niche partitioning in co-occurring species (α traits) and with environmental filtering (β traits), and reconstruct the mode and relative timing of diversification of these traits. Our results point to a radiation with an early, non-equilibrium phase marked by divergence of β traits as Hakea diversified exponentially and expanded from the southwest Australian MTE into biomes across the Australian continent. This was followed from 7Mya by an equilibrium phase, marked by diversification of α traits and a slowdown in lineage diversification as the MTE niches became saturated. These results suggest that processes consistent with both equilibrium and non-equilibrium models have been important during different stages of the radiation of Hakea, and together they provide a richer explanation of present-day diversity patterns.
Data from: A model for non-equilibrium metapopulation dynamics utilizing data on species occupancy, patch ages and landscape history
1. The distribution pattern of many species reflects the past rather than the current structure of landscapes. Consequently, species are most often not in equilibrium with the current landscape structure. Yet this is a well-known fact, there is no appropriate approach to estimate the colonization rate of non-equilibrium species based on only data on the species occurrence pattern in the landscape. 2. We present an approach to estimate the colonization rate of non-equilibrium metapopulations. The approach requires only data on species presence/absence among its patches (occurrence pattern), data on patch ages and data on the historic distribution of the patches in the landscape. By estimating the past occurrence patterns and colonization events leading to the current pattern of occupied and non-occupied patches, we estimate the colonization rate, including the dispersal kernel. We also show how to estimate effects of local patch conditions and how to include an independent estimate of the local extinction rate based on other data. We use nine epiphytic lichen species confined to beech trees to illustrate the method. 3. Five species had restricted dispersal range, between 200 and 4700 m, and their colonization rate decreased with increasing fragmentation. Species colonization rates were related to niche width. Among the demographic parameters, the force of colonization was more important than the dispersal range in explaining the colonization rates. Local patch conditions did not explain the colonization probability of any species. In metapopulation projections that did not account for restricted dispersal range, higher future metapopulation sizes were projected. 4. Synthesis. The presented approach uses data on only species occurrence, patch age and landscape history to estimate the species colonization rate and dispersal kernel. It can also utilize independent data on local extinction rate. Rather than identifying factors explaining the occurrence pattern, the model estimates the rate of change in the occurrence pattern. This dynamic modelling allows testing general and applied questions on the dynamics or viability of metapopulations of sessile species. The approach is applicable for species whose distribution pattern reflects the past rather than the current landscape structure, e.g. certain epiphytes and ground-floor plants.
Data from: Step-patterned survivorship curves: mortality and loss of equilibrium responses to high temperature and food restriction in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
<p>While survivorship curves typically exhibit smooth declines over time, step-patterned curves can occur with multiple stressors within a life stage. To explore this process, we examined the effects of heat (24 ºC) and food restriction on juvenile rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> Walbaum) in challenge experiments. We observed step-patterned survivorship curves determined by mortality and loss of equilibrium (LOE) endpoints. To examine the cause of heterogeneity in the stress responses from early to late mortality and LOE, we measured indices of energetic reserves. The step transition in the survivorship curves, the peak mortality rates, and start of when individuals reached a critical energetic threshold (14% dry mass; 4.0 kJ·g<sup>-1</sup> energy) all occurred at around days 10-15 of the challenge. The coherence in these temporal patterns suggest heterogeneity in the cohort stress responses, in which an early subgroup died from heat stress and a late subgroup died from starvation. Thus, their endpoint sensitivities resulted in step-patterned survivorship curves. We discuss the implications of the study for understanding effects of multiple stressors on population heterogeneity and note the possible significance of stress response selection under climate change in which heat stress and food limitations occur in concert.</p>
Replication package for: Labor Market Screening and the Design of Social Insurance: An Equilibrium Analysis of the Labor Market for the Disabled
<p>This is a replication package for "Labor Market Screening and the Design of Social Insurance: An Equilibrium Analysis of the Labor Market for the Disabled." It contains all the necessary codes and data to replicate empirical and quantitative findings in the paper.</p>
Assessing the fate and behaviour of plant nutrients in aquaponic systems by chemical equilibrium modelling: A meta-analytical approach
<p>Cleaned dataset and Visual MINTEQ input files (without and without assumed presence of dissolved organic matter) for each record in the dataset.</p>
Data from: A statistical mechanics framework for constructing non-equilibrium thermodynamic models
<p><span>Far-from-equilibrium phenomena are critical to all natural and engi</span><span>neered systems, and essential to biological processes responsible </span><span>for life. For over a century and a half, since Carnot, Clausius, Maxwell, </span><span>Boltzmann, and Gibbs, among many others, laid the foundation for </span><span>our understanding of equilibrium processes, scientists and engineers </span><span>have dreamed of an analogous treatment of non-equilibrium systems. </span><span>But despite tremendous efforts, a universal theory of non-equilibrium </span><span>behavior akin to equilibrium statistical mechanics and thermodynam</span><span>ics has evaded description. Several methodologies have proved their </span><span>ability to accurately describe complex non-equilibrium systems at </span><span>the macroscopic scale, but their accuracy and predictive capacity is </span><span>predicated on either phenomenological kinetic equations fit to mi</span><span>croscopic data, or on running concurrent simulations at the particle </span><span>level. Instead, we provide a framework for deriving stand-alone macro</span><span>scopic thermodynamics models directly from microscopic physics </span><span>without fitting in overdamped Langevin systems.</span> <span>The only neces</span><span>sary ingredient is a functional form for a parameterized, approximate </span><span>density of states, in analogy to the assumption of a uniform density </span><span>of states in the equilibrium microcanonical ensemble. We highlight </span><span>this framework's effectiveness by deriving analytical approximations </span><span>for evolving mechanical and thermodynamic quantities in a model of </span><span>coiled-coil proteins and double stranded DNA, thus producing, to the </span><span>authors' knowledge, the first derivation of the governing equations for </span><span>a phase propagating system under general loading conditions without </span><span>appeal to phenomenology. The generality of our treatment allows </span><span>for application to any system described by Langevin dynamics with </span><span>arbitrary interaction energies and external driving, including colloidal </span><span>macromolecules, hydrogels, and biopolymers.</span></p>
Data sharing of: Sulfur inventory of the young lunar mantle constrained by experimental sulfide saturation of Chang'e-5 mare basalts and a new sulfur solubility model for silicate melts in equilibrium with sulfides of variable metal–sulfur ratio
<p>Data sharing of: Sulfur inventory of the young lunar mantle constrained by experimental sulfide saturation of Chang’e-5 mare basalts and a new sulfur solubility model for silicate melts in equilibrium with sulfides of variable metal–sulfur ratio</p>
Illuminating Tycho's Rays: Automated Crater Census Uncovers Equilibrium Dynamics and Regolith Stratification on the Lunar Surface
<p>Excel files containing all crater data are output from ArcMap.</p> <p><br>DATA_HUMA_craters_raw contains two files for the *186 and *808 NAC images as coordinates and diameter (km). These are all the manual labelling for the NACs, with not-included data. Full set.</p> <p>DATA_YOLO_craters_raw contains several files for each sub-area, coordinates, diameter, and additional information</p> <p>DATA_selected_craters is a table that formed the <strong>basis for the analysis</strong>. It lists the crater sizes for each area (summed) and gives the surface area of the regions under investigation.</p>
Primary data for "Temperature-dependence of the clear-sky feedback in radiative-convective equilibrium"
<p>Primary data for the manuscript "Temperature-dependence of the clear-sky feedback in radiative-convective equilibrium".</p> <p>The archive is described in more detail in the enclosed README file.</p>
Data for "On the resolution-dependence of cloud fraction in radiative-convective equilibrium"
<p>Cloud-resolving model output and analysis scripts for the paper "On the resolution-dependence of anvil cloud fraction and precipitation efficiency in radiative-convective equilibrium"</p>
Figures data for "Investigation of Kinetic Ballooning Instability in 2D Harris Sheet Equilibrium with Finite Normal $B_z$ Field"
<p>To make it simpler for readers to understand and reproduce the work, the data for all the figures in the article titled "Investigation of Kinetic Ballooning Instability in 2D Harris Sheet Equilibrium with Finite Normal $B z$ Field" are being uploaded.</p>
Modeling the Organic Carbon Oxidation and Redox Sequence under the Partial- Equilibrium Approach: a Discussion by means of a Semi-Analytical Solution
<p>Filename: Analytical_solution.xls<br> File format: Excel<br> Description: It contains the calculation of the analytical model, programmed by means of excel. The sheet "advection" contains the calculation of the advection model and the sheet "diffusion" that of the diffusion model. The sheet "Phreeqc results" contains the results of the Phreeqc batch model (see Batch.pqi). Input data are highlighted in yellow.</p> <p>Filename: Batch.pqi<br> File format: Phreeqc<br> Description: It contains the input file for the calculation of the batch model by Phreeqc. It requires the Phreeqc database file Phreeqc.dat</p> <p>Filename: PEA_om_adv.pqi<br> File format: Phreeqc<br> Description: It contains the input file for the numerical calculation of the advection model by Phreeqc using the PEA (Partial Equilibrium Assumption). It requires the Phreeqc database file Phreeqc.dat</p> <p>Filename: PEA_om_dif.pqi<br> File format: Phreeqc<br> Description: It contains the input file for the numerical calculation of the diffusion model by Phreeqc using the PEA (Partial Equilibrium Assumption). It requires the Phreeqc database file Phreeqc.dat</p> <p>Filename: KIN_om_adv.pqi<br> File format: Phreeqc<br> Description: It contains the input file for the numerical calculation of the advection model by Phreeqc using the fully kinetic approach. It requires the Phreeqc database file PhreeqcKIN.dat</p> <p>Filename: KIN_om_dif.pqi<br> File format: Phreeqc<br> Description: It contains the input file for the numerical calculation of the diffusion model by Phreeqc using the fully kinetic approach. It requires the Phreeqc database file PhreeqcKIN.dat</p> <p>Filename: phreeqc.dat<br> File format: Phreeqc database<br> Description: It contains thermodynamic data for the batch model (see Batch.pqi) and the PEA models (see PEA_om_adv.pqi and PEA_om_dif.pqi). It is the default thermodynamic database of Phreeqc, dat), from which we removed ammonium to avoid the unrealistic reduction of NO3- and N2 to NH4+</p> <p>Filename: phreeqcKIN.dat<br> File format: Phreeqc database<br> Description: It contains thermodynamic data for the fully kinetic models (see KIN_om_adv.pqi and KIN_om_dif.pqi). It is the default thermodynamic database of Phreeqc, dat), from which we removed the relevant equilibrium redox reaction, so that they can be treated kinetically.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Replication package for "Falling Interest Rates and Credit Reallocation: Lessons from General Equilibrium"
<p>This package contains the data and programs to replicate "Falling Interest Rates and Credit Reallocation: Lessons from General Equilibrium" by Vladimir Asriyan, Luc Laeven, Alberto Martin, Alejandro Van der Ghote and Victoria Vanasco forthcoming in the <em>Review of Economic Studies</em>. The README file provides details on data sources and how to run the code. All data and codes are provided <em>solely</em> for replication purposes.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.