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1,947 results for “fate”

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dryad36/100

Natural history and ecological effects on the establishment and fate of Florida carpenter ant cadavers infected by the parasitic-manipulator Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani

1. Ophiocordyceps fungi manipulate the behavior of their ant hosts to produce a summit disease phenotype, thereby establishing infected ant cadavers onto vegetation at elevated positions suitable for fungal growth and transmission. Multiple environmental and ecological factors have been proposed to shape the timing, positioning, and outcome of these manipulations. 2. We conducted a long-term field study of Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani infections of Camponotus floridanus ants – the Florida zombie ants. We propose and refine hypotheses on the factors that shape infection outcomes by tracking the occurrence of fungal growth from hundreds of ant cadavers. We modeled and report these data in relation to weather, light, vegetation, and attack by mycoparasites. 3. We investigated environmental factors that could affect the occurrence and location of newly manipulated ant cadavers. New cadavers were positively correlated with epiphytic Tillandsia bromeliads, canopy openness, and weather conditions (an interactive effect of temperature, humidity, and precipitation) with an increased occurrence during the sub-tropical summer. We further suggest that incident light at the individual cadaver level may reflect microhabitat choice by manipulated ants or selective pressure on cadaver maintenance for conditions improving fungal survival. 4. We also sought to connect fungal fitness to environmental conditions. Continued fungal development of reproductive structures and putative transmission increased with moist weather conditions (interaction of humidity and precipitation) and canopy openness, while being reduced by attack by mycoparasites. Moreover, under the most open canopy conditions, we found an atypical Ophiocordyceps growth morphology that could represent a plastic response to conditions influenced by high light levels. 5. Taken together, we explore general trends and the effects of various ecological conditions on host and parasite disease outcomes in the Florida zombie ant system. These insights from the field can be used to inform experimental laboratory setups that directly test the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on fungus-ant interactions or aim to uncover underlying molecular mechanisms.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Stuck between the mandibles of an insect and of a rodent: where does the fate of ash-dominated riparian temperate forests lie?

The beaver (Castor canadensis Khul) is a key species that is known to shape the composition of riparian forests. Ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) can be abundant in these forests. However, invasion by the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) in North America threatens their survival. The disappearance of ash will have a large impact on the riparian forest composition in itself. It is not known what the consequences would be for the remaining forest if ash plays an important role in the beaver diet. Inventory plots across a ash gradient were measured in Plaisance National Park, Quebec, Canada, to collect data and to establish if (1) trees and saplings of this genus were selected or avoided by beavers, (2) if other genera had a lower or a greater probability of being consumed compared to ash, and (3) if ash density could affect the probability of consumption of other genera. Of all genera present in the park, ash trees were selected in the highest number of plots. Only two genera, Carpinus and Populus, had a higher probability of being consumed than ash. These genera are not abundant in the park, and neither in riparian forests of the temperate biome, and thus are not good candidates to replace ash as a staple for beavers. The most abundant genus in riparian temperate forests, along with ash, is Acer. In this study, Acer trees were not selected, and as for Acer saplings, were less likely to be consumed than ash. Mixed results were obtained about genera that could become more likely to be consumed as ash density decreases. It would seem that the disappearance of ash would not cause a switch to a single or a few genera in the future, which may be due to the high diversity of genera present in temperate riparian forests. However, ash may not disappear completely due to its capacity to sprout following the death of the aboveground portion of ash trees. This scenario is discussed in light of the susceptibility of intermediate-sized ash stems to be colonized by the emerald ash borer and of the greater likelihood of beavers to feed on these same-sized stems.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Deep Subduction Versus Collision Cessation: The Fate of Continental Collisional Orogens

Deep Subduction Versus Collision Cessation: The Fate of Continental Collisional Orogens

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Dataset from: The origin and fate of fungal mitochondrial horizontal gene transferred sequences in orchids (Orchidaceae)

The transfer of DNA among distantly related organisms is relatively common in bacteria but less prevalent in eukaryotes. Among fungi and plants, few of these events have been reported. Two segments of fungal mitochondrial DNA have been discovered in the mitogenome of orchids. Here, we build on their work to understand the timing of those transfer events, which orchids retain the fungal DNA, and the fate of the foreign DNA during orchid evolution. We update the content of the large DNA fragment and establish that it was transferred to the most recent common ancestor of a highly diverse clade of epidendroid orchids that lived ~28–43 Mya. Also, we present hypotheses of the origin of the small transferred fragment. Our findings deepen the knowledge of these interesting DNA transfers among organelles and we formulate a probable mechanism for these horizontal gene transfer events.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: The fate of nitrogen during agricultural intensification in East Africa: nitrogen budgets in contrasting agroecosystems

The intensification of agricultural systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is necessary to reduce poverty and improve food security but requires increased nutrient applications to smallholder systems. To avoid the negative consequences of intensification that result from many large-scale agricultural systems (e.g., eutrophication), we must better understand how diverse soil systems in SSA will respond to increased fertilizer applications. We tracked nitrogen (N) inputs and outputs in fertilizer trials at two maize (Zea mays)-agroecological regions of contrasting soil type. We measured maize biomass, grain yields, N leaching, and N gaseous losses from a clayey soil in Yala, Kenya, and a sandy soil in Tumbi, Tanzania, with application rates of 0, 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha-1 yr‑1 over multiple years. Using measurements of NO, N2O, NO3-, biomass N, and an 15N enrichment experiment, we show that N budgets in Yala were nearly always negative, meaning more N was exported in yields or lost from the system than was added in fertilizer. In Tumbi, however, N budgets were negative at lower fertilizer levels (0 and 50 kg N ha-1), but positive at higher fertilizer levels (75 and 200 kg N ha-1). At both sites, most of the N was lost through maize biomass/grain removal and N leaching (over 96% of total losses). Gas losses were a minor component of N budgets. These results highlight the importance of tailoring fertilizer recommendations to a farm's specific soil and climatic conditions. However, on these two contrasting sites, fertilizer additions at or below 50 kg N ha-1 do not lead to major losses of N (via gaseous or leaching) and may be recommended at a range of sites across SSA soils in maize agroecosystems.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data for the manuscript 'Cover crop root morphology rather than quality controls the fate of root and rhizodeposition C into distinct soil C pools'

Data for manuscript The data provided in the present document corresponds to the manuscript: Engedal, T., Magid, J., Hansen, V., Rasmussen, J., Sørensen, H., Jensen, L. S. (2023): Cover crop root morphology rather than quality controls the fate of root and rhizodeposition C into distinct soil C pools. Global Change Biology, in press.   Short abstract In order to investigate the fate of cover crop-derived belowground C as rhizodeposition and, over time, into the distinct soil organic carbon pools of particulate- and mineral-associated organic carbon (POC and MAOC), a column trial was esblished with 0.25 m top soil and 0.25 m sub soil. Four cover crops were grown for 3 months and 14CO2-labelled twice a week. Four out of eight replicate columns were destructively harvested to quantify root C and the carbon lost via rhizodeposition in absolute (qClvR) and relative terms (%ClvR) in bulk soil and rhizosphere soil from top- and subsoil (t1). The other four replicate columns were harvested for undisturbed incubation for one year, before final sampling (t2). Bulk soil from both sampling times were subject to a simple fractionation protocol by size, where particles larger from 50 microns were assigned to POC and smaller than 50 microns assigned to MAOC after dispersion in NaHMP. All fractions were dried, weighed and analyzed for 14C activity as disintegrations per minute (DPM).   Further details Column ID 1-16 refer to columns sampled at t1, while column ID 17-32 refer to columns sampled at t2. Underlying assumptions and detailed descriptions of the different fractions are to be found in the manuscript.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Database containing Raw Data of Growth and Survival of Pathogens and Microbiota from Fate Studies in Artisanal Fermented Foods

Deliverable 5.5 is a spreadsheet containing metadata and raw data obtained from the fate studies conducted in Workpackage 5. In case of reutilisation of these data, the source should be properly cited.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Lagrangian trajectories tracking the origin and fate of a hydrothermal plume observed in the southeastern Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean

A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories which were used to estimate the origin and fate of a hydrothermal plume in the southeastern Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean observed during the DY111 CUSTARD cruise. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Birchill and Baker et al. ‘Pathways and timescales of Southern Ocean hydrothermal iron and manganese transport’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. There are five forward-tracking experiments from suspected vent sites (CUSTARD_NEPR.nc, CUSTARD_SEPR.nc, CUSTARD_PAR.nc, CUSTARD_WCR.nc and CUSTARD_ECR.nc) included in the paper and one forward-tracking experiment that was not included in the paper (CUSTARD_EM.nc) as no trajectories crossed our sampling site. There was one backward-tracking experiment undertaken from the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) station at which the hydrothermal signal was observed (CUSTARD_OOI_backward.nc).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data used in paper "Deciphering driver regulators of cell fate decisions from single-cell transcriptomics data with CEFCON"

This directory contains the data resources of the following paper: "Deciphering driver regulators of cell fate decisions from single-cell transcriptomics data with CEFCON"

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

dryad36/100