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141 results for “forest regeneration”
Data from: Fire and non-native grass invasion interact to suppress tree regeneration in temperate deciduous forests
1. While many ecosystems depend on fire to maintain biodiversity, non-native plant invasions can enhance fire intensity, suppressing native species and generating a fire–invasion feedback. These dynamics have been observed in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, but fire–invasion interactions in temperate deciduous forests, where prescribed fires are often used as management tools to enhance native diversity, have rarely been investigated. 2. Here we evaluated the effects of a widespread invasive grass on fire behaviour in eastern deciduous forests in the USA and the potential effects of fire and invasions on tree regeneration. We planted native trees into invaded and uninvaded forests, quantified fuel loads, then applied landscape-scale prescribed fires and no-burn controls, and measured fire behaviour and tree seedling and invasive plant performance. 3. Our results show that fires in invaded habitats were significantly more intense, including higher fire temperatures, longer duration and higher flame heights, even though invasions did not alter total fuel loads. The invasion plus fire treatment suppressed native tree seedling survival by 54% compared to invasions without fire, and invasions reduced natural tree recruitment by 66%. 4. We also show that invasive plant biomass did not change from one season to the next in plots where fire was applied, but invader biomass declined significantly in unburned reference plots, suggesting a positive invasive grass–fire feedback. 5. Synthesis and applications. These findings demonstrate that fire–invasion interactions can have significant consequences for invaded temperate forest ecosystems by increasing fire intensity and reducing tree establishment while promoting invasive plant persistence. To encourage tree regeneration and slow invasive spread, we recommend that forest managers remove invasions prior to applying prescribed fires or avoid the use of fire in habitats invaded by non-native grasses.
Evidence for antagonistic effects of climate change and exotic pathogens on regeneration of Mediterranean forests
<ol> <li>Understanding the interactive effects of global change drivers on tree demography is fundamental for realistic predictions of future forest dynamics. Multiple studies have shown increasing drought and exotic pathogens to severely threaten forest persistence by increasing mortality and decreasing growth of adult trees. However, much less is known about their effects on regeneration, and how they might affect seedling performance in additive and non-additive (synergistic or antagonistic) ways.</li> <li>Here we aimed to fill this gap by experimentally exploring the effects of increasing drought and soil-borne pathogens on tree regeneration in two types of mixed oak forests (<em>Quercus suber</em>-<em>Q. canariensis </em>and<em> Q. suber-Olea europaea</em>) invaded by the exotic soil-borne oomycete <em>Phytophthora</em> <em>cinnamomi</em>, one of the most aggressive plant pathogens on earth. We conducted a seed-sowing experiment with oomycete-specific fungicide taking advantage of rainfall exclusion infrastructures that excluded 30% of the annual rainfall, simulating predictions of climate change models for Mediterranean systems. Seedling emergence, survival and growth of the three tree species were followed over 3 years.</li> <li>We found that neutral or positive drought effects on regeneration dominated over negative effects in the tree community. Moreover, most positive drought effects on the dominant species (<em>Q. suber</em>) were not direct, but rather indirectly mediated by soil-borne pathogens. This was shown by the fact that positive drought effects disappeared with fungicide application. </li> <li> <em>Synthesis</em>: Overall, our results suggest that rainfall reductions predicted by climate change models for the Mediterranean region might have minor direct negative effects on early regeneration of tree species, but that could play a major indirect role by limiting the negative effects of exotic pathogens on highly susceptible tree species. These findings highlight that antagonisms among global change drivers should be recognized as important forces that might slow down the current loss of tree health.</li> </ol>
Data from: Regeneration processes on coarse woody debris in mixed forests: do tree germinants and seedlings have species-specific responses when grown on coarse woody debris?
Tree regeneration on coarse woody debris (CWD) is considered to be one the most ecologically valuable aspects of CWD in forest systems. However, most studies have focused solely on uncovering the differences in establishment and growth on CWD (regarded as a homogeneous substrate) in comparison with the forest floor. Our study concentrates on the underlying mechanisms of germinant and seedling colonization patterns and demographic responses relative to various properties of CWD. We analysed the effects of CWD properties (decay class, form, species and diameter) on: (i) germinant and seedling annual counts; (ii) annual germinant and seedling survival; and (iii) seedling growth and height. Our study comprised three species (beech, fir and spruce) over 7-year span in two old-growth stands in the Western Carpathians, and employed generalized linear models and mixed models to test for differences between species. CWD properties affected regeneration at the germination stage. There were some demographic differences between species relative to CWD properties. Decay class had the most pronounced effect on beech, not only on its establishment but also survival and growth. Beech and spruce established and survived in higher densities on beech CWD, while their height growth was enhanced on conifer-derived CWD, particularly on spruce CWD. Stumps enhanced establishment of all species and survival of conifer seedlings. Synthesis. Our study shows that CWD properties do influence seedling establishment, growth, height distribution and survival. Moreover, there may be trade-offs between seedling growth and survival among tree species growing on different species of CWD. This highlights the need to include CWD heterogeneity as a factor that can affect the role of CWD in regeneration in forest ecosystems.
Natural forest regeneration is projected to reduce local temperatures
<h3>Description of the data and file structure</h3> <p>This repository contains the data related to <strong>Figure 1</strong> and <strong>Figure 2</strong> from the article titled:<br><strong>"Natural Forest Regeneration is Projected to Reduce Local Temperatures"</strong>.</p> <p><strong>Update:</strong><br>All raw data produced in this study will be made available in an upcoming update.</p> <p>For further information or access to the data, please contact:<br><strong>Sara Alibakhshi</strong><br>Email: sara.alibakhshi@gmail.com</p> <h3>Code/software</h3> <p>All code and functions used in this study were executed using the built-in functions and APIs provided by Google Earth Engine (GEE). The random forest model used in this study can be found <a href="https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/apidocs/ee-classifier-smilerandomforest" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here(opens in new window)</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p>***This research was supported by the Finnish Research Impact Foundation.***</p>
The vegetation composition, structure and regeneration status of Gole Natural Forest, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
<p>This study was conducted in Gole natural forest (Dodola) West Arsi Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The study was intended to investigate the vegetation composition, structure, community types and the regeneration status. To collect the vegetation data, systematically 62 plots 20 m × 20 m (400 m<sup>2</sup>) were established at 100 m interval, starting from the top of the mountain. Tree and shrub species were counted and their cover abundance value was estimated. The data for herbaceous species were collected from five 2 m × 2 m sub-plots laid at the four corners each and one at the centre of the main plot. Height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of all woody species taller than 1.5 m and thicker than 2 cm were measured. R package was applied for cluster analysis. Indicator species analysis was performed in R Interpolated species accumulation curves. Estimate S 8.2 Software and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze the data. Rarefaction was applied to compare the species richness of the plant communities in the study area. Sorensen's similarity coefficient was used to detect similarities and dissimilarities among communities.</p> <p>A total of 114 plant species belonging to 57 families and 94 genera were identified. The most dominant families were Asteraceae, followed by Acanthaceae and Lamiaceaae. Out of 114 species 17 were endemic to Ethiopia. The study showed that high density was seen at lower height and DBH classes. Five plant community types were identified. The rarefaction revealed that there is difference in species richness among communities. The Sorensen's similarity index showed that, there was a difference in the distribution of plant species composition among the five plant communities.</p>
Fig. 1 in How Do Regeneration Stages of Caatinga Forests Influence the Structure of Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Assemblage?
Fig. 1. Location in Brazil (A) and aerial view (B) of Tamanduá Farm with plots of the sampling sites (INI = initial stage of regeneration; INT = intermediate; LAT = late), Para´ıba, northeastern Brazil.
Fig. 3 in How Do Regeneration Stages of Caatinga Forests Influence the Structure of Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Assemblage?
Fig. 3. Species abundance rank of dung beetles obtained in initial, intermediate and late fragments of Caatinga on Tamanduá Farm, Para´ıba, Brazil.
Fig. 2 in How Do Regeneration Stages of Caatinga Forests Influence the Structure of Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Assemblage?
Fig. 2. General linear models characterizing dung beetle abundance (A, C, E) and richness (B, D, F) in three Caatinga regeneration stages with two bait types and in two seasonal periods in Caatinga fragments on Tamanduá Farm, Para´ıba, Brazil.
Figure 6 in Differences in the bird community between a regenerating area and a native forest in Southeastern Brazil
Figure 6. Linear regression between land cover diversity (predictor variable) and bird diversity (response variable). We included an interval of confidence of 95% (grey area). The sampled point counts were pooled according to each site (blue dots – REGEN; orange dots – FOREST).
Figure 3 in Differences in the bird community between a regenerating area and a native forest in Southeastern Brazil
Figure 3. nMDS ordination for the faunal composition (a), the feeding guilds (b) and the foraging strata (c). Each number represents one of the point counts, divided by site (FOREST – points 01–12; REGEN. – points 13–24). The polygons delimit the convex hulls for each group (FOREST and REGEN), showing the absence of superposition of the samples in the multivariate space.
Figure 5 in Differences in the bird community between a regenerating area and a native forest in Southeastern Brazil
Figure 5. Fisher's alpha diversity index for each site (FOREST and REGEN). Boxes represent 25–75% percentiles, while the horizontal black lines represent the median, and whiskers represent 10–90% percentiles.
Figure 4 in Differences in the bird community between a regenerating area and a native forest in Southeastern Brazil
Figure 4. Rarefaction curves of FOREST and REGEN sites. The polygons (circle and triangle) represents the exact number of individuals obtained for a respective site. The unbroken line represents the interpolation curve, while the dotted line represents the extrapolation one. The shaded area refers to the interval of confidence.
Figure 2 in Differences in the bird community between a regenerating area and a native forest in Southeastern Brazil
Figure 2. Relative richness of species pooled for each foraging strata (left) and feeding guilds (right). For the foraging strata, we considered ground (GRO), understory (UND), midstory (MID), canopy (CAN), forest generalist (FOR), mixed (MIX), aerial (AER), and aquatic (AQU) species. For the feeding guilds, we considered invertebrate predator (INV), vertebrate predator (VER), generalist predator (PRE), scavenger (SCA), frugivore (FRU), granivore (GRA), nectarivore (NEC), generalist herbivore (HER), and omnivore (OMN).
Figure 1 in Differences in the bird community between a regenerating area and a native forest in Southeastern Brazil
Figure 1. Map of the Jardim Botânico Municipal de Bauru (JBMB). We highlighted the FOREST (green) and the REGEN (yellow) sites. We also delimited the point counts used to assess the bird community.
Evidence of time-lag in the provision of ecosystem services by tropical regenerating forests to coffee yields
<p>Abstract Restoration of native tropical forests is crucial for protecting biodiversity and ecosystem functions, such as carbon stock capacity. However, little is known about the contribution of early stages of forest regeneration to crop productivity through the enhancement of ecosystem services, such as crop pollination and pest control. Using data from 610 municipalities along the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (30 m spatial resolution), we evaluated if young regenerating forests (less than 20 years old) are positively associated with coffee yield and whether such a relationship depends on the amount of preserved forest in the surroundings of the coffee fields. We found that regenerating forest alone was not associated with variations in coffee yields. However, the presence of young regenerating forest (within a 500 m buffer) was positively related to higher coffee yields when the amount of preserved forest in a 2 km buffer is above a 20% threshold cover. These results further reinforce that regional coffee yields are influenced by changes in biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services, which are explained by the amount of mature forest in the surrounding of coffee fields. We argue that while regenerating fragments may contribute to increased connectivity between remnants of forest fragments and crop fields in landscapes with a minimum amount of forest (20%), older preserved forests (more than 20 years) are essential for sustaining pollinator and pest enemy's populations. These results highlight the potential time lag of at least 20 years of regenerating forests' in contributing to the provision of ecosystem services that affect coffee yields (e.g., pollination and pest control). We emphasize the need to implement public policies that promote ecosystem restoration and ensure the permanence of these new forests over time.</p>
Figure 1 in Natural regeneration in Atlantic Forest Fragments: using ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for monitoring a conservation unit
Figure 1. Botujuru Private Natural Heritage Preserve location and the respective collecting sites.
Monitoring programme on strict forest reserves in Flanders (Belgium) - site level stand structure, regeneration and vegetation data
<p>This dataset contains comprehensive statistics on stand structure, rejuvenation, and vegetation for each forest reserve included in the monitoring program on strict forest reserves in Flanders (Belgium). The data collection and processing methodology used are described in <a href="https://purews.inbo.be/ws/portalfiles/portal/41050863/Vandekerkhove_etal_2021_MonitoringProgrammeOnStrictForestReservesFlanders.pdf">Vandekerkhove et al., 2021</a>.</p> <p>The dataset encompasses information on 15 distinct strict forest reserves and covers one to three consecutive forest inventories following a 10-year cycle. </p> <p>The "<strong>site_info.xlsx</strong>" file provides details on the 15 sites, including central coordinates, surface area, forest type, and the year when they were set aside. For detailed descriptions of the information provided, please refer to the "<strong>_metadata_site_info.xlsx</strong>" file.</p> <p>The “<strong>statistics_per_reserve.zip</strong>” file contains 12 separate csv-files with the following data:</p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>stat_dendro(_by)(_diam)(_species).csv</strong> : statistics on basic stand structure attributes (volume, basal area, number of trees per hectare, …) for living and dead standing trees (DBH-threshold 5cm): overall values and values per diameter class and/or species </p> </li> <li> <p><strong>stat_carbon.csv </strong>: statistics on biomass and carbon stock related to living trees</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>stat_logs(_by)(_decay)(_species).csv</strong> : statistics on volume per hectare of lying deadwood: values per decay stage and/or species </p> </li> <li> <p><strong>stat_reg(_by)(_height)(_species).csv</strong> : statistics on rejuvenation (numbers per ha of young trees - seedlings up to trees with DBH< 5cm): overall values and values per heightclass and/or species </p> </li> <li> <p><strong>stat_veg.csv</strong> : statistics on vegetation characteristics, including number of species, moss, herb, shrub, tree and waterlayer cover, cumulated canopy cover and soil disturbance by game</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>stat_herbs.csv</strong> : species-specific mean cover, percentage of plots where each species occurs</p> </li> </ul> <p>For descriptions of the common fields used in the above csv-files, please consult the "<strong>_metadata_statistics.xlsx</strong>" file. </p> <p>For detailed and comprehensive information regarding the meaning and characteristics of the calculated variables, please refer to the "<strong>_metadata_variables.xlsx</strong>" file. </p> <p>Plot-level results regarding dendrometry and regeneration are published separately<a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7588680"> here</a>, while information on vegetation can be found<a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7870740"> here</a>.</p> <p><strong>For any inquiries or further information, please contact Kris.vandekerkhove@inbo.be or Anja.leyman@inbo.be</strong>. The provided csv-files will be updated as required to address any issues or include data from additional surveys. . Please check for updated versions periodically.</p> <p><strong>We ask the users of the dataset to notify us of its use.</strong></p>
Regenerating tropical forests are consistently affected by biological invasions across spatial scales
<p>Here we present our raw data (obtained via fieldwork) and all our analysis from the manuscript entitled “Regenerating tropical forests are consistently affected by biological invasions across spatial scales”. This manuscript is available as a preprint (<a href="https://doi.org/10.32942/X2SC76">https://doi.org/10.32942/X2SC76</a>) and as a published paper in Biological Invasions (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-024-03257-x). </p> <p>We investigated the effects of white-popinac (<em>Leucaena leucocephala</em> (Lam.) de Wit) invasions on regenerating areas of Atlantic Forest, considering local and regional scales, and beta-diversity.</p> <p>To reproduce the results, please see instructions in the READ_ME.txt file. </p>
The effects of tropical secondary forest regeneration on avian phylogenetic diversity.
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Data from: Scale-dependent variation in nitrogen cycling and soil fungal communities along gradients of forest composition and age in regenerating tropical dry forests
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