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665 results for “foundation”
Mussel bed community data for: Intraspecific variation in a marine predator changes intertidal community through effects on a foundation species
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Bevezetés a vamzerológia fundamentál-ontológiai megalapozásához / Introduction into the fundamental-ontological Foundations of Wamserology
<p>In his efforts to dig up the etymology and provenance of "wamserology", the word (and brand) especially coined for this essay, the narrator arrives at striking conclusions. The somewhat satirical tone that dominates the introductory segment of the treatise gradually gives way to what can perhaps best be defined as some kind of pathos... </p>
Data from: Foundation species promote local adaptation and fine-scale distribution of herbaceous plants
<p><span><span><span>1) Interactions among neighbors can alter demography and traits of commingled species via adaptation or plasticity in phenotypic expression and understanding these two mechanisms in diverse communities is important for determining the ecological and evolutionary consequences of plant–plant interactions. </span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span>2) We reciprocally transplanted perennial species (<i>Arenaria armerina</i> and <i>Festuca indigesta</i>) among patches of two foundation shrub species and open ground to assess whether origin microsite (defined as the spatially distinct abiotic and biotic conditions associated with the two shrubs and open ground) determines germination, recruitment and growth that, in turn, promotes fine-scale distribution of species among microsites. In addition, we tested the effect of origin microsite on traits, competitive ability, drought tolerance and outlier loci to assess whether origin microsite conditions drove differences in traits, strategies and adaptive loci.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span>3) Germination was consistently greater for seeds planted back into their origin microsite relative to seeds sourced from foreign microsites, although this effect was weakened for recruitment. Plant growth was best in open sites regardless of origin microsite. In the greenhouse, <i>A.</i> <i>armerina</i> had conserved traits within origin microsite but distinct trait values among microsite conditions, specifically for plants originating from the most productive microsite (e.g. sufficient light and high nutrients and water availability). <i>Festuca indigesta</i> had conserved trait responses among microsites while within microsite, individuals had significant trait plasticity to different environmental conditions. The combined field and greenhouse results suggest that fine-scale distributions are supported by local adaptation among microsites of <i>A.</i> <i>armerina </i>and phenotypic plasticity of <i>F.</i> <i>indigesta</i>.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><i>Synthesis </i>Adaptation or plasticity in phenotypic expression have different implications for demographic rate and persistence of species in changing environments. Local adaptation to neighbors suggests that reductions in foundation species diversity could concomitantly lead to reduced genetic diversity of commingled species while a plastic response indicates a more robust and broad response to changing climatic and biotic conditions.</span></span></span></p>
The TEI, Its Foundations and Impact, and How It Fits Into Today's Needs and Practices for Language Analysis
<p>6<sup>th</sup> Lecture</p>
Data from: Form–function relationships in a marine foundation species depend on scale: a shoot to global perspective from a distributed ecological experiment
Form-function relationships in plants underlie their ecosystem roles in supporting higher trophic levels through primary production, detrital pathways, and habitat provision. For widespread, phenotypically-variable plants, productivity may differ not only across abiotic conditions, but also from distinct morphological or demographic traits. A single foundation species, eelgrass (Zostera marina), typically dominates north temperate seagrass meadows, which we studied across 14 sites spanning 32-61° N latitude and two ocean basins. Body size varied by nearly two orders of magnitude through this range, and was largest at mid-latitudes and in the Pacific Ocean. At the global scale, neither latitude, site-level environmental conditions, nor body size helped predict productivity (relative growth rate 1-2% d-1 at most sites), suggesting a remarkable capacity of Z. marina to achieve similar productivity in summer. Furthermore, among a suite of stressors applied within sites, only ambient leaf damage reduced productivity; grazer reduction and nutrient addition had no effect on eelgrass size or growth. Scale-dependence was evident in different allometric relationships within and across sites for productivity and for modules (leaf count) relative to size. Z. marina provides a range of ecosystem functions related to both body size (habitat provision, water flow) and growth rates (food, carbon dynamics). Our observed decoupling of body size and maximum production suggests that geographic variation in these ecosystem functions may be independent, with a future need to resolve how local adaptation or plasticity of body size might actually enable more consistent peak productivity across disparate environmental conditions.
Data from: Genetics-based interactions of foundation species affect community diversity, stability, and network structure
We examined the hypothesis that genetics-based interactions between strongly interacting foundation species, the tree Populus angustifolia and the aphid Pemphigus betae, affect arthropod community diversity, stability and species interaction networks of which little is known. In a 2-year experimental manipulation of the tree and its aphid herbivore four major findings emerged: (i) the interactions of these two species determined the composition of an arthropod community of 139 species; (ii) both tree genotype and aphid presence significantly predicted community diversity; (iii) the presence of aphids on genetically susceptible trees increased the stability of arthropod communities across years; and (iv) the experimental removal of aphids affected community network structure (network degree, modularity and tree genotype contribution to modularity). These findings demonstrate that the interactions of foundation species are genetically based, which in turn significantly contributes to community diversity, stability and species interaction networks. These experiments provide an important step in understanding the evolution of Darwin's 'entangled bank', a metaphor that characterizes the complexity and interconnectedness of communities in the wild.
Data from: Little giants: a rapidly invading seagrass alters ecosystem functioning relative to native foundation species
<p>The spread of invasive species is a major component of global ecological change and how and when to manage particular species is a diicult empirical question. Ideally, these decisions should be based on the speciic impacts of invading species including both their efects on native competitors and how they may or may not play similar roles in broader ecosystem functioning. <em>Halophila</em> <em>stipulacea</em> is an invasive seagrass currently spreading through the Caribbean, and as seagrasses are foundation species, the efects of invasion have the potential to be particularly far-reaching. To evaluate the impacts of <em>H. stipulacea</em> we quantiied spread and potential for displacement of native seagrasses as well as the efects of invasion on multiple ecosystem processes, particularly resource support for higher trophic levels and habitat creation. Long-term monitoring suggested that <em>H. stipulacea</em> likely displaces some native seagrasses (<em>Syringodium filiforme</em> and <em>Halodule wrightii</em>), but not others. <em>Halophila stipulacea</em> had lower N and protein levels and higher C:N ratios than native seagrasses, and as such is a poorer quality resource for consumers. We also observed signiicantly lower consumption of <em>H. stipulacea</em> than the native <em>S. filiforme</em> but limited diferences compared to <em>Thalassia testudinum</em>. We found H. stipulacea created a more nutrient limited environment than <em>T. testudinum</em> and there were signiicantly distinct invertebrate assemblages in native- and invasive- dominated seagrass beds, but no diference in species richness or invertebrate biomass. These results suggest that the spread of <em>H. stipulacea</em> would impact a variety of ecological processes, potentially restructuring seagrass ecosystems through both direct impacts on environmental conditions (e.g., nutrient availability) and indirect food web interactions.</p>
Data from: Chemical defense over decadal scales: ontogenetic allocation trajectories and consequences for fitness in a foundation tree species
1. Expression of herbivore defense traits can change dramatically during the course of plant development. Little is known, however, about the degree of genetic or sexual variation in these ontogenetic defense trajectories or whether the trajectories themselves are adaptive, especially in long‐lived species. 2. We used a 13‐year dataset of chemical defense traits, growth, and survivorship from a common garden of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) genotypes to document long‐term defense trajectories and their relationship to tree fitness during juvenile and early mature stages. 3. Overall, concentrations of the two principal classes of aspen defense compounds (salicinoid phenolic glycosides [SPGs] and condensed tannins [CTs]) decreased to differing degrees in foliage of juvenile trees and then remained relatively constant in maturity. Initial values, juvenile rates of change, and average mature values all exhibited significant genetic variation for both SPGs and CTs. 4. Relationships between defense trajectory parameters and metrics of tree fitness (growth and survivorship) depended on compound type and tree sex. Females with higher‐allocation SPG trajectories (high initial juvenile concentrations, slow juvenile declines, high mature concentrations) grew more slowly relative to females with lower‐allocation trajectories. In males, higher‐allocation SPG trajectories had a lesser effect on growth but were associated with reduced mortality. Juvenile CT trajectories were not correlated with tree fitness, but average CT concentration in maturity was positively related to growth in females. 5. These results suggest that ontogenetic defense trajectories are adaptive and subject to natural selection. Genotypic variation and ontogeny shape tree defensive chemistry, both independently and interactively. These patterns of defense expression have the potential to structure trophic interactions and the genetic composition of forests in both space and time.
PCH17 Warehouse Foundation
Dennison's Warehouse, Pocklington Canal Head. This is a small slot excavated to determine the depth of the foundation. Turns out there are 12 courses of brick below the ground level. Model prepared by Paul Durdin on behalf of Jon Kenny and the Canal and Rivers Trust. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Asteroseismic Data Analysis: Foundations and Techniques
<p><strong>This site contains data needed to solve the Exercise sets in the book: "<em>Asteroseismic Data Analysis: Foundations and Techniques</em>".</strong></p> <p>The archive Basu_and_Chaplin_Data.tar.gz contains the synthetic data.<br> The file archive answers.pdf contains a PDF detailing the answers to the Exercise questions that are not open-ended.<br> <br> All data files are ASCII format.<br> <br> Here are some notes about the file formats, these can also be read in file README.txt:<br> <br> (1) Unless otherwise mentioned, the files with mode frequencies of modes have the format:<br> l, n, frequency, Inl<br> <br> (2) Files with observed frequencies (or simulated observations) have the format<br> l, n, frequency, uncertainty<br> <br> (3) Files in the archive freq_obs.tar have the formal<br> l, frequency, uncertainty<br> <br> (4) Files Kernels_gs98_c2_rho.txt and Kernels_gs98_rho_c2.txt have the following information:<br> <br> Row 1: R, M<br> Row 2: nr, (radius(i),i=1,nr)<br> Row 3 onwards: l, n, frequency (kernel(i),i=1,nr)<br> <br> (5) The frequency files in the archives frequencies_ov[0-2].tar.gz have the following format<br> <br> l, n, frequency, Inl, np, ng<br> <br> (6) The rotational kernel files have the following format<br> <br> Row 1: R, M<br> Row 2: nr, (radius(i),i=1, nr)<br> Row 3 onwards: l, np, ng, frequency (kernel(i),i=1, nr)</p>
stFormer: a foundation model for spatial transcriptomics
<p>stFormer incorporates ligand genes within the spatial niche into transformer encoder of single-cell transcriptomics, and outputs gene embeddings specific to the intracellular context and spatial niche. These gene representations can serve as input of various downstream applications, including cell clustering, cell type prediction, gene function prediction, and <em>in silico</em> perturbation analysis of ligand-receptor interaction.</p> <p>The model architecture is designed for ST data resolved at the single-cell level. We propose a biased cross-attention method to enable the model to do learning with single-cell resolution on low-resolution, whole-transcriptome Visium data, which is a widely available spatial resource.</p> <p>We assembled a pretraining corpus comprising ~4.1 million spatial samples from public human Visium datasets, spanning diverse tissues, development stages, and disease states. After pretraining, stFormer is compatible with both single-cell and spot resolution ST data.</p>
Foundations, wall and alley, Kalmar, medieval..
Parts of foundations, wall and alley next to the medieval square in the old town of Kalmar. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
HCFS21-TU1-TU3-Feature1 Stone Foundation
Archaeological test excavations of a stone foundation at the Hood College Archaeological Field School, 2021, Rocky Springs, MD. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Building foundation in Nukarinkoski, Finland
Building foundation in Nukarinkoski, Nurmijärvi, Finland. There has been sawmill and other manufacturing industry along the nearby rapids since the 17th century. These remains are probably connected to that activity. * [Location in Google Maps](https://goo.gl/maps/34PYcMyetWsWwYKd6) * [Finnish Heritage Agency site info](https://www.kyppi.fi/to.aspx?id=112.543000002) (only in finnish) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Archaeological Field School: Foundation Rubble
The Archaeological Field School conducted by the National Park Service uncovered the remnants of the foundation of a WWI era Spruce Mill. The site was later graded to create additional landings for the Pearson Airfield, one of the two oldest continuously operating airfields in the US. The use of scanning is optimal to digitally capture daily excavations as the site changes day to day. The 3D model relates detailed information that can not be acquired with traditional photos and sketches. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
ChatEarthNet: A Global-Scale Image-Text Dataset Empowering Vision-Language Geo-Foundation Models
<p>We introduce a new image-text dataset, providing high-quality natural language descriptions for global-scale satellite data. Specifically, we utilize Sentinel-2 data for its global coverage as the foundational image source, employing semantic segmentation labels from the European Space Agency's WorldCover project to enrich the descriptions of land covers. By conducting in-depth semantic analysis, we formulate detailed prompts to elicit rich descriptions from ChatGPT. We then include a manual verification process to enhance the dataset's quality further. This step involves manual inspection and correction to refine the dataset. Finally, we offer the community ChatEarthNet, a large-scale image-text dataset characterized by global coverage, high quality, wide-ranging diversity, and detailed descriptions. ChatEarthNet consists of 163,488 image-text pairs with captions generated by ChatGPT-3.5 and an additional 10,000 image-text pairs with captions generated by ChatGPT-4V(ision). This dataset has significant potential for both training and evaluating vision-language geo-foundation models for remote sensing.</p>
Designed for Success or Failure: Differences in funding and rejection in the space of applications to the Danish Art Foundation among craftsmen and designers
<p>This package contains the datasets, R code and the results for the scientific journal article: '<em>Designed for Success or Failure: Differences in funding and rejection in the space of applications to the Danish Art Foundation among craftsmen and designers</em>' published in Poetics.</p> <p>Any traceable microdata which is not publically available have been removed from the dataset.</p>
Scupa: Single-cell unified polarization assessment of immune cells using the single-cell foundation model
<p>This dataset contains the processed scRNA-seq data and code for single-cell unified polarization assessment. Please refer to the article "Scupa: Single-cell unified polarization assessment of immune cells using the single-cell foundation model" for the detailed data and method description.</p> <p>*.rds: the processed scRNA-seq datasets with Universal Cell Embeddings saved as a Seurat object. The Universal Cell Embeddings are saved in the assay 'uce'.</p> <ul> <li>immune_dict_uce.rds: Immune Dictionary.</li> <li>ifnb_treatment_uce.rds: human PBMCs treated with IFN-beta.</li> <li>macrophage_stimulation_uce.rds: human macrophages treated with one or two of IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-4.</li> <li>il2_treatment_uce.rds: mouse spleen CD8+ T cells treated with IL-2 or anti-PD-L1.</li> <li>pan_cancer_myeloid_uce.rds: tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells across seven cancer types.</li> </ul> <p>notebooks.zip: Jupyter notebooks containing code for training models and applications to multiple datasets.</p>
Dataset for the study "Foundation Models as Assistive Tools in Hydrometeorology: Opportunities, Challenges, and Perspectives"
<p>This dataset contains the materials, files, and codes used in the study "Foundation Models as Assistive Tools in Hydrometeorology: Opportunities, Challenges, and Perspectives". </p>
The soil surface food web in conservation agriculture as the foundation for conservation biocontrol
<p>Data on Collembola (per 5 cm diameter sample), spiders (per 0.25 m<sup>2</sup>), carabid beetles (per 0.25 m<sup>2</sup>), aphids (per straw), and simulated max density of aphids from conservation agriculture fields (CA) and conventionally tilled fields (CT).</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.