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Data and code for Freshwater diatoms diversify and turn over faster than marine in both planktonic and benthic habitats

<p>Data and R scripts to run the analyses in the diatom muhisse paper. See also the 'Running MuHiSSE' vignette in the R package hisse.</p>

Figure 12 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Figure 12. Hyoid arch of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120544, 98.4-mm SL, left side, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. ach, anterior ceratohyal; br, branchiostegal rays; dhh, dorsal hypohyal; ih, interhyal; pch, posterior ceratohyal; vhh, ventral hypohyal.

Figure 8 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Figure 8. Suspensorium, opercular apparatus and lower jaw of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120544, 98.4- mm SL, medial view. Scale bar = 2 mm. ect, ectopterygoid; ent, entopterygoid; hyo, hyomandibula; iop, interopercle; lj, lower jaw; mpt, metapterygoid; op, opercle; pal, palatine; pop, preopercle; q, quadrate; sop, subopercle; sym, symplectic.

Figure 16 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Figure 16. Phylogenetic position of Tarumania on a strict consensus tree of two most parsimonious trees (L = 312) calulated on a compiled data matrix for Characiformes (Appendix 1 and Table 2). Numbers above and below each nodes are absolute Bremer support and Bootstrap values, respectively. Posterior probabilities for clades identical to those in a Bayesian inference analysis are in smaller type italics at each split.

Figure 5 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Figure 5. Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 21603, lateral view of head showing reverse-imbricated scales. Specimen cleaned of superficial mucus.

Figure 4 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Figure 4. Schematic representation of swimbladder of Tarumania walkerae, based mostly on INPA 26241, 51.5-mm SL. ac, anterior swimbladder chamber; sd, sinusoid swimbladder duct. Roman numerals II–XI represent sequential swimbladder chambers.

Figure 14 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Figure 14. Pectoral girdle of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120544, 98.4-mm SL, left side, anterolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. cl, cleithrum; co, coracoid; dr, distal radials; pf, pectoral fin; pr, proximal radials; pt, post-temporal; sc, scapula; scl, supracleithrum.

Figure 10 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Figure 10. Caudal skeleton of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120543, 61.6-mm SL, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. ahs, accessory haemal spine; cc, compound caudal centrum; ep, epural; fr, fin rays; hs, haemal spine; hy 1– n, hypural 1–n; ns, neural spine; phy, parhypural; pu3–2, preural centra 3 and 2; ur, urostyle.

Figure 3 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Figure 3. Live specimen, juvenile, of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120543, shortly after collection. Arrow shows pelvic fins in anteriorly deflected position.

Figure 9 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Figure 9. Branchial arches of Tarumania walkerae, paratypes, dorsal views; (a) MZUSP 120544, 98.4-mm SL; (b) INPA 25747, 151.2-mm SL. (a) Ventral arches; (b) dorsal arches (gill filaments removed). Scale bars = 1 mm. acb, accessory element of ceratobranchial 4; bb1–4, basibranchials 1–4; bh, basihyal; cb1–5, ceratobranchials 1–5; epi1–4, epibranchials 1–4; hb1–3, hypobranchials 1–3; phb1–4, pharyngobranchials 1–4; po, paired ossifications of basihyal cartilage; tp, upper pharyngeal toothplate.

Figure 15 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Figure 15. Habitat of Tarumania walkerae, isolated pools in floodplain area of the Rio Tarumã-Mirim, State of Amazonas, Brazil (02.90965°S 60.22915°W), photographed in 2006.

Figure 2 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Figure 2. Tarumania walkerae gen. et sp. nov., holotype, INPA 33737. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of head

Figure 6 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Figure 6. Jaws of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 25747, 151.2-mm SL, lateral view. aa, angulo-articular; den, dentary; mx, maxilla; pmx, premaxilla; ra, retroarticular.

Figure 13 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Figure 13. Weberian apparatus of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 26245. Scale bar = 1 mm. bo, basioccipital; cl, claustrum; ex, exoccipital; in, intercalarium; na3–5, neural arch; os, os suspensorium; pp, parapophysis; sc, scaphium; sn, supraneural; so, supraoccipital; tr, tripus; vc, vertebral centrum.

Fig. 7 in Ecomorphology of a generalist freshwater gastropod: complex relations of shell morphology, habitat, and fecundity

Fig. 7 Variation in shell shape (a) and size (b) between water body types. notches extend to ± 1.58 times the IQR divided by the root squared The boxplots show the median (middle line), quartiles (boxes), 1.5 times number of observations, overlapping notches being strong evidence that the interquartile range (IQR) (whiskers), extreme values (dots). The the two medians do not differ (Chambers et al. 1983)

Fig. 5 in Ecomorphology of a generalist freshwater gastropod: complex relations of shell morphology, habitat, and fecundity

Fig. 5 Distribution of genetic clusters based on single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Lines indicate color ranges of clusters; lines representing clusters 5, 7, and 15 point at specific sites. Clusters 8, 9, and 10 were widespread across the northwest of the South island and therefore were not mapped

Fig. 1 in Ecomorphology of a generalist freshwater gastropod: complex relations of shell morphology, habitat, and fecundity

Fig. 1 Landmarks (LM) used in geometric morphometric analyses: apex (LM1); intersection of sutures with the shell outline (LMs 2–7); most external right (LM8) and left (LM9) points of the body whorl; highest (LM10), lowest (LM13), most external left (LM12) and right (LM11) point of the aperture; dotted auxiliary lines indicate how landmarks 14– 18 were placed

Fig. 4 in Ecomorphology of a generalist freshwater gastropod: complex relations of shell morphology, habitat, and fecundity

Fig. 4 Discriminant analysis of principal components of the 16 clusters detected by K-means clustering based on single nucleotide polymorphism data. Ellipses represent inertia ellipses

Fig. 3 in Ecomorphology of a generalist freshwater gastropod: complex relations of shell morphology, habitat, and fecundity

Fig. 3 Distribution of cytochrome b haplotypes for sexual (a) and asexual (b) individuals. Sizes of circles and segments are proportional to the number of individuals (up to 20 per site) per haplotype

Water body type Fig. 7 in Ecomorphology of a generalist freshwater gastropod: complex relations of shell morphology, habitat, and fecundity

Water body type Fig. 7 Variation in shell shape (a) and size (b) between water body types. notches extend to ± 1.58 times the IQR divided by the root squared The boxplots show the median (middle line), quartiles (boxes), 1.5 times number of observations, overlapping notches being strong evidence that the interquartile range (IQR) (whiskers), extreme values (dots). The the two medians do not differ (Chambers et al. 1983)