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104 results for “grouse”
Helminth gut parasites of black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) in northern England, their impact on productivity and possible sources of infection
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Data from: Landscape effects on the contemporary genetic structure of Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) populations
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Data from: Variable drivers of primary versus secondary nesting: density-dependence and drought effects on greater sage-grouse
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Data from: Differential influences of local subpopulations on regional diversity and differentiation for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus)
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Data in Brief: Twig selection on mountain birch Betula pubescens by winter-feeding willow grouse Lagopus lagopus in a subarctic forest
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Supporting results and data for assessing impacts of the Grassy Ridge Fire on greater sage-grouse space use in eastern Idaho, USA
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Greater Sage-grouse nest bowls buffer microclimate in a post-megafire landscape although effects on nest survival are marginal
<p class="Disstext">Temperature at fine spatial scales is an important driver of nest site selection for many avian species during the breeding season and can influence nest success. Sagebrush (<i>Artemisia spp.</i>) communities have areas with high levels of vegetation heterogeneity and high thermal variation; however, fire removes vegetation that provides protection from predators and extreme environmental conditions. To examine the influence of microclimates on Greater Sage-Grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) nest site selection and nest success in a fire affected landscape, we measured black bulb temperature (<i>T<sub>bb</sub></i>) and vegetation attributes (e.g. visual obstruction) at 3 spatial scales (i.e. nest bowl, microsite, and landscape) in unburned and burned areas. Nest bowls exhibited greater buffering of <i>T<sub>bb</sub></i> than both nearby microsites and the broader landscape. Notably, nest bowls were warmer in cold temperatures, and cooler in hot temperatures, than nearby microsites and the broader landscape, regardless of burn stage. Nest survival (NS) was higher for nests in unburned areas compared to nests in burned areas (unburned NS = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.54; burned NS = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.46). Amount of bare ground was negatively associated with nest survival, but effects diminished as the amount of bare ground reached very low levels. Shrub height and visual obstruction were positively associated with nest survival during the entire study period whereas, minimum <i>T<sub>bb</sub></i> had a weaker effect. Our findings demonstrate that thermoregulatory selection by Greater Sage-Grouse at nest sites had marginal effects on their nest survival. However, given that increases in vegetation structure (e.g. shrub height) provide thermal refuge and increase nest survival, vegetation remnants or regeneration in a post-fire landscape could be critical to Greater Sage-Grouse nesting ecology.</p>
Data from: Greater sage-grouse survival varies with breeding season events in West Nile virus non-outbreak years
<p>Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are a species of conservation concern and are highly susceptible to mortality from West Nile virus (WNV). Culex tarsalis, a mosquito species, is the suspected primary vector for transmitting WNV to sage-grouse. We captured, radio-tagged, and monitored female sage-grouse to estimate breeding season (April 15‒September 15) survival 2016-2017. Deceased sage-grouse were tested for active WNV; live captured and hunter harvested sage-grouse were tested for WNV antibody titers. Additionally, we trapped mosquitoes with CO2 baited traps 4 nights per week (542 trap nights) to estimate WNV minimum infection rate (MIR). Eight sage-grouse mortalities occurred during the WNV seasons of 2016 and 2017; 5 had recoverable tissue, and one of 5 tested positive for WNV infection. Survival varied temporally with sage-grouse biological seasons, not WNV seasonality. Survival was 0.68 (95% CI= 0.56–0.78; n=74) during the reproductive season (April 1−September 15). Mammalian predators were the leading suspected cause of mortality (40%), followed by unknown cause (25%), avian predation (15%), unknown predation (15%), and WNV (5%). These results indicate WNV was not a significant driver of adult sage-grouse survival during this study. Three sage-grouse (1.9%; 95% CI=0.5−5.9%) contained WNV antibodies. We captured 12,472 mosquitoes of which 3,933 (32%) were Culex tarsalis. Estimated WNV MIR of Culex tarsalis during 2016 and 2017 was 3.3 and 1.6, respectively. Our results suggest sage-grouse in South Dakota have limited exposure to WNV, and WNV was not a significant source of sage-grouse mortality in South Dakota during 2016 and 2017. Based on our finding that a majority of sage-grouse in South Dakota are susceptible to WNV infection, WNV could potentially have an impact on the population during an epizootic event; however, when WNV is at or near endemic levels, it appears to have little impact on sage-grouse<br> survival. </p>
Data from: Age, condition and dominance-related sexual ornament size before and during the breeding season in the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix
Male ornaments function as honest cues of male quality in many species and are subject to intra- and intersexual selection. These ornaments are generally studied during peak expression, however their size outside the breeding season may determine ultimate ornament size and costliness, and as such reproductive success. We investigated whether male black grouse Lyrurus tetrix eye comb size was related to age, condition and measures of male dominance before and during the breeding season. Total combined eye comb size began to increase ~70 days before the start of the breeding season. Adult males (aged ≥ 2 years old) had consistently larger eye combs than younger males (1 year old) both before and during the breeding season. Heavier and more dominant adult males (attending the lek more frequently and successfully reproducing) had larger eye combs. For younger males, those that were heavier had larger eye combs. Additionally, males that spent more time on the lek showed increased eye comb size as the breeding season approached. Overall we find that ornament size is positively related to dominance and condition before and during the breeding season. Since dominance is accrued through year-round interactions in many species, the ability to maintain larger signals over prolonged periods,
Data from: Simultaneous age-dependent and age-independent sexual selection in the lekking black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)
Individuals' reproductive success is often strongly associated with their age, with typical patterns of early-life reproductive improvement and late-life senescence. These age-related patterns are due to the inherent trade-offs between life-history traits competing for a limited amount of resources available to the organisms. In males, such trade-offs are exacerbated by the resource requirements associated with the expression of costly sexual traits, leading to dynamic changes in trait expression throughout their life span. Due to the age dependency of male phenotypes, the relationship between the expression of male traits and mating success can also vary with male age. Hence, using longitudinal data in a lekking species with strong sexual selection – the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix – we quantified the effects of age, life span and age of first lek attendance (AFL) on male annual mating success (AMS) to separate the effects of within-individual improvement and senescence on AMS from selective (dis)appearance of certain phenotypes. Then, we used male AMS to quantify univariate and multivariate sexual selection gradients on male morphological and behavioural traits with and without accounting for age and age-related effects of other traits. Male AMS increased with age, and there was no significant reproductive senescence. Most males never copulated, and of the ones that did, the majority had only one successful year. Life span was unrelated to AMS, but early AFL tended to lead to higher AMS at ages 1–3. AMS was related to most morphological and behavioural traits when male age was ignored. Accounting for age and age-specific trait effects (i.e. the interaction between a trait and age) reduced the magnitude of the selection gradients and revealed that behavioural traits are under consistent sexual selection, while sexual selection on morphological traits is stronger in old males. Therefore, sexual selection in black grouse operates primarily on male behaviour and morphological traits may act as additional cues to supplement female choice. These results demonstrate the multifaceted influence of age on both fitness and sexual traits and highlight the importance of accounting for such effects when quantifying sexual selection.
Drivers of black grouse trends in the French Alps
<p>This dataset is composed of three R files: One entitled "BGcounts" that contains an array named "count", composed of counts of black grouse males during lek season conducted on reference sites monitored by a french organisation called "OGM" (https://www.observatoire-galliformes-montagne.com/). The network is composed of 47 counting sites (raws of the dataset), and counts started on various dates on each site (from 1980's to 1990's). Columns (40) are years from 1979 to 2018. Finally, during the same lek season, up to 3 replicates per site have been done, they are contained by the third dimension of the array. Details of the method and sites can be found in the related article accepted in Diversity and Distribution. Note that because black grouse is a sensitive species in France, data have been randomized, hence site numbers on this dataset do not reflect OGM's original site numbers. A second entitled "elevation_surface" containing scaled (x=x-mean/sd) values of sites elevation (column altitude) and surface. The last one named "covariates" with covariates values, harvested number of birds on reference sites, cable density, snow cover (50% and 100% of bare ground), length of vegetative season, starting date of vegetative season and harvest density. Refer to the Readme file to find details about scaling and years provided.</p>
Lethal interactions among forest-grouse predators are numerous, motivated by hunger and carcasses, and their impacts determined by the demographic value of the victims
<p>New vertebrate communities are emerging in Europe following the recovery of multiple native predators to highly anthropized landscapes where predator control is still prevalent. While the lack of reference points for these communities creates novel challenges for conservationists and wildlife managers, they also provide opportunities to further our understanding of species interactions. Despite a growing body of evidence, many aspects of interactions among predators remain poorly understood, impairing our ability to anticipate the effects of such changes in predator communities. Through a systematic literature review, we gathered all the available evidence concerning the existence, strength, and demographic impacts of lethal predator interactions among forest grouse predators in Europe. We found a highly interconnected predator community, with 44 pairwise lethal interactions among 12 taxa. Three of these resulted in some degree of population suppression of the victim, while another three did not. However, most interactions (38) have not been evaluated for population suppression. Additionally, we highlight how predators interact simultaneously with a large range of other predators and identified at least two further species likely suppressed through the combined impacts of multiple predators. We propose that interactions causing demographic suppression are characterized by impacts on individuals with high survival elasticity, and that they are motivated by food limitation and additionally, in mammals, by competition for carcasses. Predator interactions, and our still poor understanding of them, introduce large uncertainties to conservation actions based on the management of predator abundances, which should be carefully evaluated.</p>
Data from: A method for estimating population sex ratio for sage-grouse using noninvasive genetic samples
Population sex ratio is an important metric for wildlife management and conservation, but estimates can be difficult to obtain, particularly for sexually monomorphic species or for species that differ in detection probability between the sexes. Noninvasive genetic sampling (NGS) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become a common method for identifying sex from sources such as hair, feathers, or feces, and is a potential source for estimating sex ratio. If, however, PCR success is sex-biased, naively using NGS could lead to a biased sex ratio estimator. We measured PCR success rates and error rates for amplifying the W and Z chromosomes from greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) fecal samples, examined how success and error rates for sex identification changed in response to fecal sample exposure time, and used simulation models to evaluate precision and bias of 3 sex assignment criteria for estimating population sex ratio with variable sample sizes and levels of PCR replication. We found PCR success rates were higher for females than males and that choice of sex assignment criteria influenced the bias and precision of corresponding sex ratio estimates. Our simulations demonstrate the importance of considering the interplay between the sex-bias of PCR success, number of genotyping replicates, sample size, true population sex ratio, and accuracy of assignment rules for designing future studies. Our results suggest that using fecal DNA for estimating the sex ratio of sage-grouse populations has great potential and, with minor adaptations, should be applicable to numerous species.
Data from: Simultaneous age-dependent and age-independent sexual selection in the lekking black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)
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Data from: Greater sage-grouse survival varies with breeding season events in West Nile virus non-outbreak years
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Data from: Age, condition and dominance-related sexual ornament size before and during the breeding season in the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Lethal interactions among forest‐grouse predators are numerous, motivated by hunger and carcasses, and their impacts determined by the demographic value of the victims
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Greater Sage-grouse nest bowls buffer microclimate in a post-megafire landscape although effects on nest survival are marginal
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Data from: A method for estimating population sex ratio for sage-grouse using noninvasive genetic samples
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Drivers of black grouse trends in the French Alps
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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