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1,187 results for “herbivores”
Data from: Dynamic balancing of risks and rewards in a large herbivore: Further extending predator-prey concepts to road ecology
<p>Animal behavior is shaped by the ability to identify risks and profitably balance the levels of risks encountered with the payoffs experienced. Anthropogenic disturbances like roads generate novel risks and opportunities that wildlife must accurately perceive and respond to. Basic concepts in predator-prey ecology are often used to understand responses of animals to roads (e.g., increased vigilance, selection for cover in their vicinity). However, prey often display complex behaviors such as modulating space use given varying risks and rewards, and it is unclear if such dynamic balancing is used by animals in the context of road crossings.</p> <p>We tested whether animals dynamically balance risks and rewards relative to roads using extensive field -based and GPS collar data from elk in Yoho National Park (British Columbia, Canada) where a major highway completely bisects their range during most of the year.</p> <p>We analyzed elk behavior by combining hidden Markov movement models with a step-selection function framework. Rewards were indexed by a dynamic map of available forage biomass and risks were indexed by road crossings and traffic volumes.</p> <p>We found that elk generally selected intermediate and high forage biomass and avoided crossing the road. Most of the time, elk modulated their behavior given varying risks and rewards. When crossing the highway compared with not crossing, elk selected for greater forage biomass and this selection was stronger as the number of highway crossings increased. However, with traffic volume, elk only balanced foraging rewards when they crossed a single time during a travel sequence.</p> <p>Using a road ecology system, we empirically tested an important component of predator-prey ecology – the ability to dynamically modulate behavior in response to varying levels of risks and rewards. Such a test articulates how decision-making processes that consider the spatiotemporal variation in risks and rewards allow animals to successfully and profitably navigate busy roads. Applying well-developed concepts in predator-prey theory helps understand how animals respond to anthropogenic disturbances and anticipate the adaptive capacity for individuals and populations to adjust to rapidly changing environments.</p>
Large herbivores distribution modelling
<p>These are data of large herbivores occurrence in the Limpopo National Park in Mozambique</p> <p>The occurrence data of large herbivores (present = 1, not present =0) and predictors are packaged in one file named “Large herbivores distribution modelling”. Within these files, the following data objects exist:</p> <ul> <li>The occurrence data of elephants, buffalos, zebra, kudu, nyala and impala are in separate .csv files. Each file consists of six columns with 1) grid number, 2) rivers categories in km, 3) settlements categories in km, 4) grazing areas categories in km, 5) habitat types, and 6) rainfall categories in mm;</li> </ul> <p>R script that can be used to fit the full large herbivore models with five predictors in “R 3.5.1 software”</p>
An investigation into grazing impacts by New Forest herbivores on inclosure and open woodland patch areas
<p>Data set + R-code for: An investigation into grazing impacts by New Forest herbivores on inclosure and open woodland patch areas</p>
Predation risk drives long-term shifts in migratory behavior and demography in a large herbivore population
<p>Migration is an adaptive life-history strategy that helps individuals across taxa maximize fitness by obtaining forage and avoiding predation risk. The mechanisms driving migratory changes are poorly understood, and links between migratory behavior, space use, and demographic consequences are rare. Here, we use a nearly 20-year record of individual-based monitoring of elk (<em>Cervus canadensis</em>) to test hypotheses for changing patterns of migration in a large herbivore, elk (<em>Cervus canadensis</em>), in and adjacent to a large protected area in Banff National Park (BNP), Canada. We test whether bottom-up (forage quality) or top-down (predation risk) factors explained trends in i) the proportion of individuals using 5 different migratory tactics, ii) differences in survival rates of migratory tactics during migration and whilst on summer ranges, iii) cause-specific mortality by wolves and grizzly bears, and iv) population abundance. We found dramatic shifts in migration consistent with behavioral plasticity in individual choice of annual migratory routes. Shifts were inconsistent with exposure to the bottom-up benefits of migration. Instead, exposure to landscape gradients in predation risk caused by exploitation outside the protected area drove migratory shifts. Carnivore exploitation outside the protected area led to higher survival rates for female elk remaining resident or migrating outside the protected area. Cause-specific mortality aligned with exposure to predation risk along migratory routes and summer ranges. Wolf predation risk was higher on migratory routes than summer ranges of montane-migrant tactics, but wolf predation risk traded-off with heightened risk from grizzly bears on summer ranges. A novel eastern migrant tactic emerged following a large forest fire that enhanced forage in an area with lower predation risk outside of the protected area. The changes in migratory behavior translated to population abundance, where abundance of the montane-migratory tactics declined over time. The presence of diverse migratory life histories maintained a higher total population abundance than would have been the case with one migratory tactic in the population. Our study demonstrates the complex ways in which migratory populations change over time through behavioral plasticity and associated demographic consequences because of individuals balancing predation risk and forage trade-offs.</p>
Herbivores can benefit both plants and their pathogens through selective herbivory on diseased tissue
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The consequence of leaf life span to virus infection of herbivorous insects
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Data from: Linking land use and the nutritional ecology of herbivores: a case study with the Senegalese locust
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Behavioral responses to mammalian grazing expose insect herbivores to elevated risk of avian predation
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Global study of plant-herbivore interactions reveals similar patterns of herbivory across native and non-native plants
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Large herbivore biomass in protected areas
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Timing of short-term drought structures plant-herbivore dynamics
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Livestock management promotes bush encroachment in savanna systems by altering plant-herbivore feedback
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Data collected for: The contrasted impacts of grasshoppers on soil microbial activities in function of ecosystem productivity and herbivore diet
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Data from: Herbicidal interference: Glyphosate drives both the ecology and evolution of plant-herbivore interactions
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Data from: Fecal biomarkers in soils record landscape-scale wild herbivore abundance
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Host specificity of herbivorous insects promotes negative species–genetic diversity relationship
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Livestock activity shifts large herbivore temporal distributions to their crepuscular edges
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Predation risk drives long-term shifts in migratory behavior and demography in a large herbivore population
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Low water availability enhances volatile-mediated direct defenses but disturbs indirect defenses against herbivores
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Agricultural landscape simplification affects wild plant fitness indirectly through herbivore-mediated changes in floral display
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.