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578 results for “horizons”
Double-blind Extension of HORIZON Pivotal Fracture Trial (Zoledronic Acid in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00145327. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 2.
Habitat suitability modeling to predict the spatial distribution of cold-water coral communities affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
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Teaching and learning in ecology: a horizon scan of emerging challenges and solutions
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Data from: Geohistorical records indicate no impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on oyster body size
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Data from: Transcriptome response of the foundation plant Spartina alterniflora to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
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Data from: Evolutionary responses to crude oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill by the copepod Eurytemora affinis
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O horizon extracellular enzyme activity: Nitrogen limitation in decomposition
Modern agriculture and fossil fuel combustion contribute to the transfer of N from largely inert pools (atmospheric N2, fossil fuel reserves) to biologically reactive forms that can be transported downwind from agricultural or industrial areas to ecosystems that historically may have experienced low levels of N inputs. Understanding how increased N inputs alter the cycling of another biologically important element, C, has been impeded by uncertainties about N effects on the process of decomposition. To date, ecologists remain unable to predict when, where, and in what forms N addition stimulates rates of decomposition. For example, recent work showed that in eight low-N sites in Central Minnesota, litter N was positively correlated with decomposition, suggesting N limitation of decomposition, yet addition of inorganic N fertilizer increased decomposition in only two of eight sites. These paradoxical results call into question the assumption that the often-observed correlation between substrate N concentration and decomposition arises because N limits decomposition. Research is addressing three interrelated questions:* (1) Why do litter N and externally supplied N have contrasting effects on decomposition in low-N ecosystems? (2) Do different forms of N (organic vs. inorganic; substrate vs. externally supplied) affect the activity, function and composition of the decomposer community differently, and, if so, what are the consequences for decomposition? (3) What are temporal dynamics of the activity, function, and composition of the decomposer community and do these dynamics depend upon the amount and forms of N supplied to the decomposer community?* These questions will be addressed using a 4-y decomposition experiment manipulating the quantity and form of N available to decomposers via use of substrates ranging in N concentrations and of inorganic (ammonium nitrate) and organic (amino acids) N fertilizers. The response of microbial biomass, stoichiometry, efficiency
Pulse labelling of deep soil layers in forest with 13CH4: testing a new method for tracing methane in the upper horizons, understorey vegetation and tree stems using laserbased spectrometry
<p>Methane is one the main greenhouse gases and upland forests are one of its main biological sinks. However, vegetation could reduce this sink by allowing a direct path for the methane produced in deep soils to escape into the atmosphere. By tracing emissions with <sup>13</sup>CH<sub>4</sub>, we show for the first time that methane emitted by trees in upland forest could have a deep soil origin even though the soil is an overall methane sink. However, we found that the trees and understorey vegetation at our site had only a small impact on the methane budget.</p>
Example dataset of soil horizons investigated using SFM in Mauguio (France)
<p>Excavations of a pit soil were assessed using SfM (Structure-From-Motion) with MVS (Multi-view Stereophotogrammetry) approach to create 3D clouds of the soil horizon before and after excavations.</p>
Data from: Fluctuating asymmetry in Menidia beryllina before and after the 2010 DeepWater Horizon oil spill
Assessing the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with a dependable baseline comparison can provide reliable insight into environmental stressors on organisms that were potentially affected by the spill. Fluctuating asymmetry (small, non-random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry) is an informative metric sensitive to contaminants that can be used to assess environmental stress levels. For this study, the well-studied and common Gulf of Mexico estuarine fish, Menidia beryllina, was used with pre and post-oil spill collections. Comparisons of fluctuating asymmetry in three traits (eye diameter, pectoral fin length, and pelvic fin length) were made pre and post-oil spill across two sites (Old Fort Bayou and the Pascagoula River), as well as between years of collection (2011, 2012)-one and two years, respectfully, after the spill in 2010. We hypothesized that fluctuating asymmetry would be higher in post-Deepwater Horizon samples, and that this will be replicated in both study areas along the Mississippi Gulf coast. We also predicted that fluctuating asymmetry would decrease through time after the oil spill as the oil decomposed and/or was removed. Analyses performed on 1135 fish (220 pre and 915 post Deepwater Horizon) showed significantly higher post spill fluctuating asymmetry in the eye but no difference for the pectoral or pelvic fins. There was also higher fluctuating asymmetry in one of the two sites both pre and post-spill, indicating observed asymmetry may be the product of multiple stressors. Fluctuating asymmetry decreased in 2012 compared to 2011. Fluctuating asymmetry is a sensitive measure of sub lethal stress, and the observed variability in this study (pre vs. post-spill or between sites) could be due to a combination of oil, dispersants, or other unknown stressors.
Data from: Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacts on sea turtles could span the Atlantic
We investigated the extent that the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill potentially affected oceanic-stage sea turtles from populations across the Atlantic. Within an ocean-circulation model, particles were backtracked from the Gulf of Mexico spill site to determine the probability of young turtles arriving in this area from major nesting beaches. The abundance of turtles in the vicinity of the oil spill was derived by forward-tracking particles from focal beaches and integrating population size, oceanic-stage duration and stage-specific survival rates. Simulations indicated that 321 401 (66 199–397 864) green (Chelonia mydas), loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) turtles were likely within the spill site. These predictions compared favourably with estimates from in-water observations recently made available to the public (though our initial predictions for Kemp's ridley were substantially lower than in-water estimates, better agreement was obtained with modifications to mimic behaviour of young Kemp's ridley turtles in the northern Gulf). Simulations predicted 75.2% (71.9–76.3%) of turtles came from Mexico, 14.8% (11–18%) from Costa Rica, 5.9% (4.8–7.9%) from countries in northern South America, 3.4% (2.4–3.5%) from the United States and 1.6% (0.6–2.0%) from West African countries. Thus, the spill's impacts may extend far beyond the current focus on the northern Gulf of Mexico.
Data from: Evidence of lasting impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep Gulf of Mexico coral community
A coral community 11 km southwest of the site of the Deepwater Horizon blowout at 1,370 m water depth was discovered 3.5 months after the well was capped on 3 November 2010. Gorgonian corals at the site were partially covered by a brown flocculent material (floc) that contained hydrocarbons fingerprinted to the oil spill. Here we quantify the visible changes to the corals at this site during five visits over 17 months by digitizing images of individual branches of each colony and categorizing their condition. Most of the floc visible in November 2010 was absent from the corals by the third visit in March 2011, and there was a decrease in the median proportions of the colonies showing obvious signs of impact after the first visit. During our second visit in 2010, about six weeks after the first, we documented the onset of hydroid colonization (a sign of coral deterioration) on impacted coral branches that increased over the remainder of the study. Hydroid colonization of impacted portions of coral colonies by the last visit in March 2012 correlated positively with the proportion of the colony covered by floc during the first two visits in late 2010. Similarly, apparent recovery of impacted portions of the coral by March 2012 correlated negatively with the proportion of the coral covered with floc in late 2010. A notable feature of the impact was its patchy nature, both within and among colonies, suggesting that the impacting agent was not homogeneously dispersed during initial contact with the corals. While the median level of obvious visible impact decreased over time, the onset of hydroid colonization and the probability of impacts that were not visually obvious suggest that future visits may reveal additional deterioration in the condition of these normally long-lived corals.
Data from: Evaluation of Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus, megalopal settlement and condition during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
The Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus, is a commercially, culturally, and ecologically significant species in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), whose offshore stages were likely impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH). To test for DWH effects and to better understand the planktonic ecology of this species, we monitored Callinectes spp. megalopal settlement and condition at sites within and outside of the spill extent during and one year after the DWH. We tested for DWH effects by comparing 2010 settlement against baseline data available for two sites, and by testing for differences in settlement and condition inside and outside of the spill extent. We also developed time series models to better understand natural drivers of daily settlement variation (seasonal and lunar trends, hydrodynamics, wind) during 2010 and 2011. Overall, we found that neither megalopal settlement nor body weight were significantly reduced at oiled sites, but that high unexplained variation and low statistical power made detection of even large effects unlikely. Time series models revealed remarkably consistent and relatively strong seasonal and lunar trends within sites (explaining on average 28% and 9% of variation, respectively), while wind and hydrodynamic effects were weak (1–5% variation explained) and variable among sites. This study provides insights into DWH impacts as well as the natural drivers of Callinectes spp. megalopal settlement across the northern GOM.
FIGURES 12–16 in Expanding horizons ... The first report of the genus Mysmena (Araneae, Mysmenidae) from continental North America, with the description of a new species
FIGURES 12–16. Mysmena quebecana new species. Male (holotype), right legs. 12–15. Right leg I. 12. Metatarsus, prolateral view, note single clasping spine; 13. Tarsus-metatarsus joint, dorsal view, note tarsal organ; 14. Tarsus and metatarsus, dorsal view, note metatarsal clasping spine and tarsal distal row of small setae on prolateral side; 15. Tarsal claws. 16. Right leg IV, tarsal claws, retrolateral view, note sinuous and slender median claw.
FIGURES 17–18 in Expanding horizons ... The first report of the genus Mysmena (Araneae, Mysmenidae) from continental North America, with the description of a new species
FIGURES 17–18. Mysmena quebecana new species. Male (holotype), right leg I. 17. Tarsus, prolateral view, arrows to prolateral row of short modified setae on distal half; 18. Same, detail of distal tarsus.
FIGURES 7–11 in Expanding horizons ... The first report of the genus Mysmena (Araneae, Mysmenidae) from continental North America, with the description of a new species
FIGURES 7–11. Mysmena quebecana new species. Male (holotype), right palp and tibia (inverted). 7. Prolateral-dorsal view; 8. Prolateral view; 9. Retrolateral-ventral view; 10. Male palp, dorsal view; 11. Detail of palpal tip, retrolateral view.
FIGURE 6 in Expanding horizons ... The first report of the genus Mysmena (Araneae, Mysmenidae) from continental North America, with the description of a new species
FIGURE 6. Mysmena quebecana new species. Female (paratype), cleared epigynum, slide preparation, ventral view. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.
FIGURES 1–5. Mysmena quebecana new species. 1–2 in Expanding horizons ... The first report of the genus Mysmena (Araneae, Mysmenidae) from continental North America, with the description of a new species
FIGURES 1–5. Mysmena quebecana new species. 1–2. Female (paratype), lateral view. 1. carapace; 2. abdomen. 3. Male (holotype), cleared left palp, tibia and patella, retrolateral view. 4–5. Female (paratype), cleared epigynum, drawings. 4. ventral view; 5. dorsal view. Scale bars: 1–3 = 0.1 mm; 4–5 = 0.05 mm.
FIGURES 4–8 in Another alien on the horizon? First European record of Tautoneura polymitusa, an East Asian leafhopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorryncha: Cicadellidae)
FIGURES 4–8. Tautoneura polymitusa, terminalia of male. Fig. 4, terminalia in posteroventral view (SEM, 250×); Fig. 5, aedeagus in rest inside of pygophore, posteroventral view (SEM, 900×); Fig. 6, pygophore, left lateral view; Fig 7, left style and connective, dorsal view; Fig. 8, aedeagus, right lateral view. Scale bars for ink drawings in mm.
FIGURES 1–3. Tautoneura polymitusa, male. Fig 1 in Another alien on the horizon? First European record of Tautoneura polymitusa, an East Asian leafhopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorryncha: Cicadellidae)
FIGURES 1–3. Tautoneura polymitusa, male. Fig 1, dorsal view; Fig 2, anterior portion of body, dorsal view; Fig 3, left fore wing. Scale bars in mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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