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1,737 results for “host data”
Linked collectors and determiners for: New species of leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from the Neotropical and Ando-Patagonian regions, with new data on host plants.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "New species of leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from the Neotropical and Ando-Patagonian regions, with new data on host plants". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/b608c682-28c8-4184-8e7a-52bf598d2e94">https://bionomia.net/dataset/b608c682-28c8-4184-8e7a-52bf598d2e94</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/b608c682-28c8-4184-8e7a-52bf598d2e94">https://gbif.org/dataset/b608c682-28c8-4184-8e7a-52bf598d2e94</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data associated with Biological aspects of Chrysodeixis includens and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in different host plantss
<p>Raw data associated with the study on "biological aspects of Chrysodeixis includens and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in different host plants"</p>
Data from: A well-studied parasitoid fly of field crickets uses multiple alternative hosts in its introduced range
<p>Organisms and their natural enemies can have dynamic coevolutionary trajectories, but anthropogenic effects like species introductions interrupt existing coevolutionary relationships. For parasites in particular, if they are introduced to a location without their hosts, they can only persist in the new environment if alternative hosts are 1) present, 2) detectable to parasites, and 3) capable of sustaining parasites. The circumstances surrounding the addition of alternative hosts to a parasite's repertoire are rarely observed. The parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea locates its field cricket hosts by orienting acoustically to their conspicuous mating songs. In Hawaii, O. ochracea is only known to parasitize one species, Teleogryllus oceanicus, but rapid evolution of T. oceanicus mating song over the past 20 years has led to several prevalent morphs of the cricket that produce no song or novel songs that the flies cannot detect. Yet flies persist in populations that lack ancestral singing T. oceanicus, prompting us to investigate the possibility of alternative hosts in Hawaii. We demonstrate first that three potential alternative hosts (Gryllodes sigillatus, Gryllus bimaculatus, and Modicogryllus pacificus) are present. Second, O. ochracea exhibits a positive phonotactic response to all three species' songs in the field and in the lab. And third, O. ochracea can successfully develop to pupae and emerge as adults in all three species. Our discovery of alternative hosts for O. ochracea in Hawaii infuses the system with intriguing complexity and offers extensive opportunities for future work.</p>
Data for: Off-host survival of blacklegged ticks in eastern North America: A multi-stage, multi-year, and multi-site study
<p>Climatic conditions are widely thought to govern the distribution and abundance of ectoparasites, such as the blacklegged tick (<em>Ixodes scapularis</em>), vector of the agents of Lyme disease and other emerging human pathogens. However, translating physiological tolerances to distributional limits or mortality is challenging. Ticks may be able to avoid or tolerate unsuitable conditions, and what is lethal to one life history stage may not extend to others. Thus, even after decades of research there are clear gaps in our knowledge about how climatic conditions determine tick distributions or patterns of abundance. We present the results of a comprehensive, three-year study of the influence of local temperatures and vapor pressure deficits on the survival of each free-living, off-host stage of <em>I. scapularis</em> in semi-natural enclosures across three locations that span their current distribution in eastern North America. We found that only larvae are clearly sensitive to direct mortality from climatic conditions, specifically desiccating conditions, whereas mortality of nymphs and adults appears to stem from exhausted energy reserves. We also found strong evidence that key developmental transitions in the tick's life cycle—fed larvae molting into to nymphs, fed nymphs molting into adults, and fed females producing larvae (via egg masses)—were all strongly temperature-dependent, though temperatures were not limiting in any of our sites. Collectively, our results suggest that climate is likely to impact <em>I. scapularis</em> largely through its impact on the larval stage.</p>
VIGET: A web portal for study of vaccine-induced host responses based on Reactome pathways and ImmPort data
<p>Host responses to vaccines are complex but important to investigate. To facilitate the study, we have developed a tool called Vaccine Induced Gene Expression Analysis Tool (VIGET), with the aim to provide an interactive online tool for users to efficiently and robustly analyze the host immune response gene expression data collected in the ImmPort database. VIGET allows users to select vaccines, choose ImmPort studies, set up analysis models by choosing confounding variables and two groups of samples having different vaccination times, and then perform differential expression analysis to select genes for pathway enrichment analysis and functional interaction network construction using the Reactome’s web services. VIGET provides features for users to compare results from two analyses, facilitating comparative response analysis across different demographic groups. VIGET uses the Vaccine Ontology (VO) to classify various types of vaccines such as live or inactivated flu vaccines, yellow fever vaccines, etc. Different variables are classified using our Vaccine Investigation Ontology (VIO). To showcase the utilities of VIGET, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of immune responses to yellow fever vaccines and found an intriguing complex activity response pattern of pathways in the immune system annotated in Reactome, demonstrating that VIGET is a valuable web portal that supports effective vaccine response studies using Reactome pathways and ImmPort data. The portal has been deployed at <a href="https://viget.violinet.org/">https://viget.violinet.org/</a>.</p>
Data and Code for: Resistance is futile: Weaker selection for resistance by abundant parasites increases prevalence and depresses host density
<p>We model host evolution of costly resistance to infection and its dependence on environmental factors, such as nutrients. We find that higher nutrients can increase infection prevalence AND select for lower resistance. In turn, the model predicts that lower resistance drives infection prevalence even higher while depressing host density. The attached code performs the model analysis, produces the published figures, and conducts statistical analysis on the data (described below). We conducted a mesocosm experiment with mixtures of zooplankton host (<em>Daphnia dentifera</em>) genotypes, algal resources (<em>Ankistrodesmus falcatus</em>), and fungal parasites (<em>Metschnikowia bicuspidata</em>). Mesocosm populations were supplied with low or high nutrients (5 or 50 ug/L phosphorus and 100 or 1000 ug/L nitrogen). We measured densities of hosts along with age class (juvenile or adult), sex, infections status, and egg number and chlorophyll densities; these data are a subset of data published previously Walsman et al. <em>Functional Ecology </em>(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14030">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14030</a>; data at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mw6m905zg">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mw6m905zg</a>). For the first time, we also report genotype frequencies for the mixed genotype treatments. Importantly, we found that high nutrients increased infection prevalence as well as selecting for the host genotype less resistant to infection; the resulting host evolution increased infection prevalence further and depressed host density. These data and code may be reused with citation of the corresponding publication ("'Resistance is futile': Weaker selection for resistance by abundant parasites increases prevalence and depresses host density" in <em>The American Naturalist</em>).</p>
Data: Fate of intravenously administered umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells and interactions with the host's immune system
<p>This data set includes all the raw data collected for the following article: "Fate of intravenously administered umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells and interactions with the host's immune system".</p>
Data for: Aggressive hosts are undeterred by a cuckoo's hawk mimicry, but probably make good foster parents
<p>Parasites face a trade-off if the highest quality hosts are also most resistant to exploitation. For brood parasites, well-defended host nests may be both harder to parasitize and harder to predate, leading to better survival of parasitic chicks. This trade-off could be accentuated if brood-parasitic adaptations to reduce front-line defences of hosts, such as mimicry of hawks by Cuculus cuckoos, do not deter hosts which aggressively mob raptors. Here we investigate the costs and benefits to the African cuckoo (Cuculus gularis) of specializing on a highly aggressive host species, the fork-tailed drongo (Dicrurus adsimilis). Field experiments showed that drongos strongly attacked and mobbed both cuckoo and hawk models, implying that hawk mimicry does not deter front-line defences against African cuckoos. Attacks on cuckoo and hawk models generally declined after the egg stage but attacks on snake models sharply increased, suggesting drongos may treat hawks more like cuckoos than predators. We suggest that the cost to cuckoos of parasitizing an aggressive host may be alleviated by subsequent benefits to their offspring, since drongo nests survived better than nests of other species with similar nesting ecology. These results are indicative of a trade-off between host quality and susceptibility for a brood parasite.</p>
Utilizing traditional and remote sensing techniques to assess Colorado potato beetle host preference in the Columbia Basin -- 2021 Data
<p>This is a remote sensing dataset collected in 2021 that contains orthomosaic images, shape files, analysis scripts, and derived numerical data from each plot. Data was collected using the protocol described here:</p> <p><a href="https://www.protocols.io/view/usda-ars-potato-genetics-lab-drone-data-collection-bp2l6148dvqe/v1">https://www.protocols.io/view/usda-ars-potato-genetics-lab-drone-data-collection-bp2l6148dvqe/v1</a></p> <p>Provided are "field map" files that denote the location and contents of each plot, a folder from each date that contains the 10 band orthomosiac, surface model image, a cropped and rotated image, shape files indicating the location of each plot, and derived data. The analysis can be replicated by following along with workflow listed in file named: rondon_cpb_2021.R. Derived data from this experiment can be found it the file named: "Rondon_CPB_data_2021_UAS_all.csv"<br> <br> If you have any questions or comments regarding this dataset please contact Dr. Max Feldman via email: max.feldman@usda.gov</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Hidden variable models reveal the effects of infection from changes in host survival
<p class="MsoNormal">The impacts of disease on host vital rates can be demonstrated using longitudinal studies, but these studies can be expensive and logistically challenging. We examined the utility of hidden variable models to infer the individual effects of infectious disease from population-level measurements of survival when longitudinal studies are not possible. Our approach <span>seeks to explain temporal deviations in population-level survival after introducing a disease causative agent when disease prevalence cannot be directly measured by coupling survival and epidemiological models. We tested this approach using an experimental host system (<em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>) with multiple distinct pathogens to validate the ability of the hidden variable model to infer per-capita disease rates. We then applied the approach to a disease outbreak in harbor seals (<em>Phoca vituline</em>) that had data on observed strandings but no epidemiological data. We found that our hidden variable modeling approach could successfully detect the per-capita effects of disease from monitored survival rates in both the experimental and wild populations. Our approach may prove useful for detecting epidemics from public health data in regions where standard surveillance techniques are not available and in the study of epidemics in wildlife populations, where longitudinal studies can be especially difficult to implement.</span></p>
Data for: Strong effects of food quality on host life history do not scale to impact parasitoid efficacy or life history
<p><span>Parasitoids are small insects, (e.g., small wasps or flies) that reproduce by laying eggs on or within host arthropods. Parasitoids make up a large proportion of the world's biodiversity and are popular agents of biological control. Idiobiont parasitoids paralyze their hosts upon attack and thus are expected to only target hosts large enough to support offspring development. Host resources generally impact host attributes and life histories including size, development, and life span. Some argue slow host development in response to resource quality increases parasitoid efficacy (i.e., a parasitoid's ability to successfully reproduce on or within a host) due to longer host exposure to parasitoids. However, this hypothesis is not always supported and does not consider variation in other host traits in response to resources that may be important for parasitoids (e.g., variation in host size is known to impact parasitoid efficacy). In this study, we test whether trait variation within host developmental stages in response to host resources is more important for parasitoid efficacy and life histories than trait variation across host developmental stages. We exposed seed beetle hosts raised on a food quality gradient to mated female parasitoids and measured the number of hosts parasitized and parasitoid life history traits at the scale of host stage- and age-structure. Our results suggest host food quality does not cascade to impact idiobiont parasitoid life histories despite large food quality effects on host life history. Instead, variation in host life histories across host developmental stages better predicts parasitoid efficacy and life histories, suggesting finding a host in a specific instar is more important for idiobiont parasitoids than finding hosts on or within higher quality resources.</span></p>
Data from: Fungal symbionts generate water-saver and water-spender plant drought strategies via diverse effects on host gene expression
<p><em>Panicum</em> <em>hallii</em> var <em>hallii</em> HAL2 plants were inoculated individually with six foliar fungal endophytes or fungus-free controls and subjected to 5% or 20% soil moisture treatments. The fungi were selected for their previously observed effects on plant drought physiology, inducing either a "water saver" or a "water spender" strategy in the host. Plants were grown in enclosed microcosms to prevent cross-contamination and each treatment and control included 6 replicates. All fungi were Ascomycetes isolated from plants in central Texas. Plants were monitored for height, wilt, water loss, and survival. At the harvest, we also measured biomass and leaf colonization by the fungi and flash-froze leaf tissue for transcriptomic analyses. Both plant response and gene expression data are provided.</p>
The data presented in Figure 6, the 120 mare domes hosting no RMDSs shown in Fig. 5, and all the RMDSs (more than 6400 in number) identified in Mare Tranquillitatis
<p>The datasets presented here are provided as supporting information for our work, the detail of which is as below:</p> <p>Feng Zhang, James W. Head, Lionel Wilson, Yibo Meng, Christian Wӧhler, Dijun Guo, Shengli Niu, Roberto Bugiolacchi, Le Qiao, Yanan Dang, Yang Liu, Yongliao Zou</p> <p><strong>Insights into Lunar Basaltic Volcanism from Mare Domes Superposed by Ring-Moat Dome Structures (RMDSs) in Mare Tranquillitatis</strong></p> <p>Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 129, e2023JE007969. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JE007969.</p> <p>A detailed description of these datasets is provided below:</p> <p>(1) 527_RMDSs_in_mare_plains_Fig6.csv</p> <p>Measured morphometric properties (e.g., diameter, height, slope, etc.) of the 527 RMDSs (Fig. 6), which are located in the lunar maira surrounding the 200 mare domes in the Tranquillitatis basin on the Moon as shown in the paper Fig. 4 (green solid circles and stars).</p> <p>(2) Supporting_Table_S1_Dome_Without_RMDS_120_Fig5.xlsx</p> <p>Locations and morphometric parameters of the 120 mare domes without being superposed by RMDSs: their locations can be found in the paper Fig. 4 (green stars) and their morphometric parameters (e.g., diameter, height, slope, volume, etc.) can refer to Figure 5 for statistics. The newly identified 38 mare domes hosting no RMDSs are labeled in red color, and they were not reported in previous studies.</p> <p>(3) 1027_RMDSs_on_domes_Fig6.csv</p> <p>Measured morphometric properties (e.g., diameter, height, slope, etc.) of the 1027 RMDSs (Fig. 6), which are located on the 80 mare domes in the Tranquillitatis basin on the Moon as shown in the paper Fig. 4 (green solid circles).</p> <p>(4) RMDSs in Tranquillitatis-Shp-style.zip</p> <p>All the RMDSs of ~6400 in number are located in Mare Tranquillitatis and have been identified up to the submission of the paper.</p>
Data for: Consequences of microsporidian prior exposure for virus infection outcomes and bumble bee host health
<p>Host-parasite interactions do not occur in a vacuum but in connected multi-parasite networks. Resulting co-exposures and coinfections during an individual host's lifetime can affect host health and infectious disease ecology, including disease outbreaks. However, many host-parasite studies examine pairwise interactions, meaning we still lack a general understanding of the influence of co-exposures and coinfections. Using the bumble bee <em>Bombus</em> <em>impatiens</em>, we study the effects of larval exposure to a microsporidian, <em>Nosema</em> <em>bombi</em>, implicated in bumble bee declines, and adult exposure to Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV), an emerging infectious disease from honey bee parasite spillover. We hypothesize that infection outcomes will be modified by co-exposure or coinfection depending on relevant temporal interactions, due to changes in host immune allocation or condition. <em>Nosema</em> <em>bombi</em> is a potentially severe, larval-infecting parasite, and we predict that prior exposure will result in decreased host resistance to adult IAPV infection. We predict a double exposure will also reduce host tolerance, as measured by host survival. Although our larval <em>Nosema</em> exposure mostly did not result in viable infections, it reduced resistance to adult IAPV infection. Exposure to <em>Nosema</em> also negatively affected survival, potentially due to a cost of immunity in resisting the exposure. There was also a significant negative effect of IAPV exposure on survivorship, but in contrast to resistance, prior <em>Nosema</em> exposure did not alter this survival outcome. These results again demonstrate that infection outcomes within multi-parasite host networks can be non-independent, even when exposure to one parasite does not result in a substantial infection. </p>
Data for: Temperature and intraspecific variation affect host-parasite interactions
<p>Parasites play key roles in regulating aquatic ecosystems, yet the impact of climate warming on their ecology and disease transmission remains poorly understood. Isolating the effect of warming is challenging as transmission involves multiple interacting species and potential intraspecific variation in temperature responses of one or more of these species. Here, we leverage a wide-ranging mosquito species and its facultative parasite as a model system to investigate the impact of temperature on host-parasite interactions and disease transmission. We conducted a common garden experiment measuring parasite growth and infection rates at seven temperatures using 12 field-collected parasite populations and a single mosquito population. We find that both free-living growth rates and infection rates varied with temperature, which were highest at 18-24.5°C and 13°C, respectively. Further, we find intraspecific variation in peak performance temperature reflecting patterns of local thermal adaptation—parasite populations from warmer source environments typically had higher thermal optima for free-living growth rates. For infection rates, we found a significant interaction between parasite population and nonlinear effects of temperature. These findings underscore the need to consider both host and parasite thermal responses, as well as intraspecific variation in thermal responses, when predicting the impacts of climate change on disease in aquatic ecosystems.</p>
Figure 8 Relationship between host parasitism rate and mean parasitoid load per host. Each data point represents 1 in Infection behavior, life history, and host parasitism rates of Emblemasoma erro (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), an acoustically hunting parasitoid of the cicada Tibicen dorsatus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Figure 8 Relationship between host parasitism rate and mean parasitoid load per host. Each data point represents 1 year of host population sampling data for a single study site. The solid line (blue in the color figure) represents the linear regression model for the data.
Supplementary data to 'The origin and differentiation of CO2-rich primary melts in Ocean Island volcanoes: Integrating 3D X-ray tomography with chemical microanalysis of olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Pico (Azores).'
<p>Supplementary data to:</p><blockquote><p>The origin and differentiation of CO2-rich primary melts in Ocean Island volcanoes: Integrating 3D X-ray tomography with chemical microanalysis of olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Pico (Azores).</p></blockquote>
Data for: A mosquito parasite is locally adapted to its host but not temperature
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Data for: Intraspecific variation in dispersal probability and host quality shape nectar microbiomes
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Data from: How do host age and nutrition affect density regulation of obligate versus facultative bacterial symbionts? Insights from the tsetse fly
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ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.