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958 results for “innate immunity”
Data from: de-stabilizing innate immunity in Covid-19: effects of its own positive feedback and erratic viremia on the alternative pathway of complement
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Data from: Seasonal differences in baseline innate immune function are better explained by environment than annual cycle stage in a year-round breeding tropical songbird
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Data from: Concholepas concholepas Ferritin H-like subunit (CcFer): molecular characterization and single nucleotide polymorphism associated to innate immune response
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Data from: Patterns of diversity and spatial variability of β-defensin innate immune genes in a declining wild population of tree swallows
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Exposure to artificial light at night alters innate immune response in wild great tit nestlings
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Innate and adaptive immune genes associated with MERS-CoV infection in dromedaries
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Supplemental tables for: A periventricular gradient of innate immune cell activation in Multiple Sclerosis
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Data from: Vitally important – does early innate immunity predict recruitment and adult innate immunity?
The immune system is one of the most important adaptations that has evolved to protect animals from a wide range of pathogens they encounter from early life onwards. During the early developmental period this is particularly true for the innate immunity, as other components of the immune system are, as yet, poorly developed. But innate immunity may not only be crucial for early life survival, but may also have long-lasting effects, for example if early life immunity reflects the functioning of the immune system as a whole. For this reason, we investigated the importance of four constitutive innate immune parameters (natural antibodies, complement activity, concentrations of haptoglobin, and concentrations of nitric oxide) for recruitment in free-living great tits. We compared nestling immunity of recruits with nestling immunity of their nonrecruited siblings. We also investigated within individual consistency of these innate immune parameters for those individuals that recruited, which may be taken as a measure of immune capacity. In accordance with previous studies, we found a clear effect of tarsus length and a trend for body mass on the likelihood to recruit. Nevertheless, we found no evidence that higher levels of constitutive innate immunity as a nestling facilitated local recruitment. Furthermore, individual innate immunity was not consistent across life stages, that is to say, nestling immune parameters did not determine, or respectively, reflect adult innate immune parameters. This plasticity in innate immune components may explain why we did not find long-lasting survival benefits.
Data from: Repurposed transcriptomic data facilitate discovery of innate immunity Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) genes across Lophotrochozoa
The growing volume of genomic data from across life represents opportunities for deriving valuable biological information from data that were initially collected for another purpose. Here, we use transcriptomes collected for phylogenomic studies to search for toll-like receptor (TLR) genes in poorly sampled lophotrochozoan clades (Annelida, Mollusca, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, and Entoprocta) and one ecdysozoan clade (Priapulida). TLR genes are involved in innate immunity across animals by recognizing potential microbial infection. They have an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain connected to a transmembrane domain and an intracellular toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Consequently, these genes are important in initiating a signaling pathway to trigger defense. We found at least one TLR ortholog in all but two taxa examined, suggesting that a broad array of lophotrochozoans may have innate immune systems similar to those observed in vertebrates and arthropods. Comparison to the SMART database confirmed the presence of both the LRR and the TIR protein motifs characteristic of TLR genes. Because we looked at only one transcriptome per species, discovery of TLR genes was limited for most taxa. However, several TRL-like genes that vary in the number and placement of LRR domains were found in phoronids. Additionally, several contigs contained LRR domains but lacked TIR domains, suggesting they were not TLRs. Many of these LRR-containing contigs had other domains (e.g., immunoglobin) and are likely involved in innate immunity.
Machine Learning-assisted immunophenotyping of peripheral blood identifies innate immune cells as best predictor of response to induction chemo-immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma – knowledge obtained from the CheckRad-CD8 trial
<p>Raw cell counts from peripheral blood immune phenotyping across individual patients.</p>
Infection of HSV1 in innate lymphoid cells leads to alienation of the mechanism of T/B-cell activation in the adaptive immune response-image
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Altered Frequencies and Functions of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Melanoma Patients Are Modulated by Immune Checkpoints Inhibitors
<p>Raw data related to limphocytes subpopulation.</p> <p>This work was supported by Italian Association for Cancer Research (IG15521 and IG20312); Wenner-Gren Foundation, Sweden; Fondazione Melanoma Onlus, Naples; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR) PRIN 2017 2017M8YMR8_002; Fondazione NIBIT, Siena, Italy (grants to EC) and Italian Ministry of Health (IT-MOH) through “Ricerca Corrente”, grants number M2-2 (grants to PAA). CMC was supported by EFIS-IL Short Term Fellowship and EACR Travel Fellowship.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Generalized selection to overcome innate immunity selects for host breadth in an RNA virus
Virus-host co-evolution has selected for generalized host defense against viruses, exemplified by interferon production/signaling and other innate immune function in eukaryotes such as humans. Although cell-surface binding primarily limits virus infection success, generalized adaptation to counteract innate immunity across disparate hosts may contribute to RNA virus emergence potential. We examined this idea using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) populations prevoously evolved on strictly immune deficient (HeLa) cells, strictly immune competent (MDCK) cells, or on alternating deficient/competent cells. By measuring viral fitness in unselected human cancer cells of differing innate immunity, we confirmed that HeLa-adapted populations were specialized for innate immune-deficient hosts, whereas MDCK-adapted populations were relatively more generalized for fitness on hosts of differing innate immune capacity and of different species origin. We also confirmed that HeLa-evolved populations maintained fitness in immune-deficient non-human primate cells. These results suggest that innate immunity is more prominent than host species in determining viral fitness at the host-cell level. Finally, our prediction was inexact that selection on alternating deficient/competent hosts should produce innate viral generalists. Rather, fitness differences among alternating host-evolved VSV populations indicated variable capacities to evade innate immunity. Our results suggest that the evolutionary history of innate immune selection can affect whether RNA viruses evolve greater host-breadth.
Stronger population differentiation at infection-sensing than infection-clearing innate immune loci in songbirds: different selective regimes for different defenses
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Parasite-mediated selection is widespread at loci involved in immune defence, but different defences may experience different selective regimes. For defences involved in clearing infections, purifying selection favouring a single most efficacious allele likely predominates. However, for defences involved in sensing and recognizing infections, evolutionary arms races may make positive selection particularly important. This could manifest primarily within populations (e.g., balancing selection maintaining variation) or among them (e.g., spatially varying selection enhancing population differences in allele frequencies). We genotyped three toll-like receptors (TLR; involved in sensing infections) and three avian beta-defensins (involved in clearing infections) in 96 song sparrows (<i>Melospiza melodia</i>) from three breeding populations that differ in disease resistance. Variation-based indicators of selection (proportion of variable sites, proportion of nonsynonymous SNPs, proportion of sites bearing signatures of positive or purifying selection, rare allele frequencies) did not differ appreciably between the two locus types. However, differentiation was generally higher at infection-sensing than infection-clearing loci. Allele frequencies differed markedly at TLR3, driven by a variant predicted to alter protein function. Geographically structured variants at infection-sensing loci may reflect local adaptation to spatially heterogeneous parasite communities. Selective regimes experienced by infection-sensing versus infection-clearing loci may differ primarily due to parasite-mediated population differentiation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
A Study to Document the Effect of Petrolatum on Innate Immune Responses in the Skin
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02338076. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Dietary Oxalate and Innate Immunity in Kidney Stone Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04051346. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Evaluation of the Association of Polymorphisms in the Innate Immune System With the Risk for Blastomycosis Dermatitidis Infection in Patients Not Infected With HIV and Complications Associated With Bl
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00001702. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Innate and Acquired Immunity to Influenza Infection and Immunization (SLVP029)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03028974. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Role of Vitamin D in Innate Immunity to Tuberculosis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01244204. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
Innate Immunity and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection in Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00593918. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.