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R script to simulate the phenology of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, from the egg to the last larval instar (L5).
<p>This folder contains :</p> <p>- ReadMe file with the following explanation</p> <p>- the R script to simulate the phenology of the pine processionary moth (PPM_phenological_model.R),</p> <p>- the flight curve of the pine processionary moth in Orleans (France) in 2019 (Flight_Orleans_2019.csv ; col 1 = date, col 2 = number of adult catches, col 3 = cumulated number of catches) </p> <p>- temperature dataset from June 2019 to December 2020 (Temperature.csv; col 1 = mean daily temperature, col 2 = Date, col 3 = Julian day continuously counted from one year to another). These meteorological data were recorded by the agroclimatic station at Orleans (number 45234, north latitude 47.827 °, east longitude 1.909 °), part of the INRAE national agroclimatic network managed by the service unit AgroClim (Avignon, France).</p> <p>The R script was used in R version 3.5.1 (2018-07-02)</p> <p>The R script will call automatically the flight curve and the temperature dataset given that you have placed them in your working directory, it requires the following R packages : lubridate, hydroGOF, ggplot2 (to be installed beforehand). The function coded to simulate the phenology of the pine processionary moth is called « param ». Input parameters are :<br> - Rm (Maximal development rate in days^(-1) ),<br> - Tm (Optimum temperature in °C)<br> - To (Spread of curve in °C)<br> for each life stage from the egg to L5.<br> This phenology model accumulates the daily development rate given by the Taylor equation and provides for each life stage (resegg, resL1,… resL5) : "min First day" (first day with an individual entering at this stage), "max First day" (last day with an individual entering at this stage), "min Last day" (first day with an individual achieving this stage development), "max Last day" (last day with an individual achieving this stage development), "mean duration" (mean duration of this life stage across all individuals). This is a summary of the phenology but “tabnb” provides the number of individuals present in each stage according to the date.</p> <p>To download the software R, please visit: <a href="https://www.r-project.org/">https://www.r-project.org/</a></p> <p>This work was supported by: the national project called PHENEC (grant from the French Research Agency – ANR – number19-CE32-0007; <a href="https://www6.inrae.fr/phenec/Project-description">https://www6.inrae.fr/phenec/Project-description</a>), the SOERE called TEMPO (<a href="https://tempo.pheno.fr/soere-tempo_eng/">https://tempo.pheno.fr/soere-tempo_eng/</a>), and the French region Val de Loire.</p> <p>Associated scientific article:<br> Poitou L, Laparie M, Pincebourde S, Rousselet J, Suppo C, Robinet C (2022) Warming causes atypical phenology in a univoltine moth with differentially sensitive larval stages. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.825875.</p>
Comparative analysis of larval growth in Lepidoptera reveals instar-level constraints
1. Juvenile growth trajectories evolve via the interplay of selective pressures on age and size at maturity, and developmental constraints. In insects, the moulting cycle is a major constraint on larval growth trajectories. 2. Surface area to volume ratio of a larva decreases during growth, so renewal of certain surfaces by moulting is likely needed for the maintenance of physiological efficiency. A null hypothesis of isometry, implied by Dyar's Rule, would mean that the relative measures of growth remain constant across moults and instars. 3. We studied ontogenetic changes and allometry in instar-specific characteristics of larval growth in 30 lepidopteran species in a phylogenetic comparative framework. 4. Relative instar-specific mass increments (RMI) typically, but not invariably, decreased across instars. Ontogenetic change in RMIs varied among families with little within-family variation. End-of-instar growth deceleration (GD) became stronger with increasing body size across instars. Across-instar change in GD was conserved across taxa. Ontogenetic allometry was generally non-isometric both in RMI and GD. 5. Results indicate that detailed studies on multiple species are needed for generalizations concerning growth trajectory evolution. Developmental and physiological mechanisms affecting growth trajectory evolution show different degrees of evolutionary conservatism, which must be incorporated into models of age and size at maturation.
FIGURE 1 in Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography
FIGURE 1. Geographic position of the Crozet Archipelago. (Adapted from Carroll 2001)
FIGURE 1 in Preliminary Study of the Bumble Bee Bombus griseocollis, Its Eggs, Their Eclosion, and Its Larval Instars and Pupae (Apoidea: Apidae: Bombini)
FIGURE 1. Microphotograph of egg of Bombus griseocollis, anterior end at right.
Fig. 2 in Behavioural and feeding observations of some Anthrenus Geoffroy, 1767 species (Coleoptera, Dermestidae) and identification using final larval instar cases
Fig. 2.- Location of collection sites, Mallorca, May 2023.
Fig. 3 in Behavioural and feeding observations of some Anthrenus Geoffroy, 1767 species (Coleoptera, Dermestidae) and identification using final larval instar cases
Fig. 3.- Anthrenus angustefasciatus on Cistus monspeliensis, Alcanada, Mallorca.
Figure 1 in Description of the larval instars of Amidorus immaturus (Mulsant, 1842) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Aphodiidae)
Figure 1. Map of Valle d'Aosta (Italy), with a black dot placed on the collection area.
Figure 43 in Eucnemid larvae of the Nearctic region. Part V: Fifth instar larval descriptions for eight species of Microrhagus Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini), with descriptions of four new species and notes on their biology
Figure 43. Microrhagus brunneus, fifth instar, dorsal habitus. Scale line = 2.0 mm.
Figures 1–2. Rearing method. 1 in Eucnemid larvae of the Nearctic region. Part V: Fifth instar larval descriptions for eight species of Microrhagus Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini), with descriptions of four new species and notes on their biology
Figures 1–2. Rearing method. 1) Storage bag with rotten wood and data. 2) Examined rotten wood.
Figure 38 in Eucnemid larvae of the Nearctic region. Part V: Fifth instar larval descriptions for eight species of Microrhagus Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini), with descriptions of four new species and notes on their biology
Figure 38. Microrhagus breviangularis, fifth instar, dorsal habitus of paratype.
Figure 61 in Eucnemid larvae of the Nearctic region. Part V: Fifth instar larval descriptions for eight species of Microrhagus Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini), with descriptions of four new species and notes on their biology
Figure 61. Microrhagus lecontei, fifth instar, dorsal habitus of paratype. Scale line = 2.0 mm.
Fig. 3 in Parasitic Behavior of Exaerete smaragdina with Descriptions of Its Mature Oocyte and Larval Instars (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)
Fig. 3. Exaerete smaragdina, mature oocyte, anterior end to the left. Scale = 1.0 mm.
Comparative analysis of larval growth in Lepidoptera reveals instar-level constraints
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 32 in Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography
FIGURE 32. Phylogenetic position of Crozetia based on morphology. Characterstates 1 21 are as discussed by Currie and Grimaldi (2000); characterstates 22 24 are also from Currie & Grimaldi (loc. cit.), but are reoptimized in view of discussion in text.
FIGURE 31 in Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography
FIGURE 31. Histogram of frequency of larval head widths showing probable instars of Crozetia seguyi. Outliers to the extreme right Cr. crozetensis last instar.
FIGURES 1112. Crozetia female adult pretarsal claws and basal tooth. 11 in Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography
FIGURES 1112. Crozetia female adult pretarsal claws and basal tooth. 11. Cr. crozetensis. 12. Cr. seguyi. Scale bar = 0.02 mm.
FIGURES 2027. Crozetia larval structures. 20 in Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography
FIGURES 2027. Crozetia larval structures. 20. Cr. crozetensis, LM of last instar larval hypostoma. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 21. Cr. seguyi, SEM of last instar larval hypostoma. Image foreshortened see Fig 23. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 22. Cr. crozetensis, LM of last instar larval hypostoma and postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 23. Cr. seguyi, LM of last instar larval hypostoma and postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 24. Cr. crozetensis, LM of abdomen, last instar larvae. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 25. Cr. seguyi, LM of abdomen, last instar larvae. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 26. Cr. crozetensis, last instar, anal sclerites. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 27. Cr. seguyi, last instar, anal sclerites. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 710. Crozetia adult genitalia. 7 in Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography
FIGURES 710. Crozetia adult genitalia. 7. Cr. crozetensis, male, ventral (left), and lateral views (right) of ventral plate and gonostylus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Cr. seguyi, male. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 9. Cr. crozetensis, female, ventral view, insert lateral view of anal lobe and cercus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 10. Cr. seguyi, female. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: adm aedeagal membrane; anlb anal lobe; anm anal membrane; c cercus; gc gonocoxa; gs gonostylus; hypv hypogynial valve; p paramere; spm spermatheca; vp ventral plate.
FIGURES 2830 in Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography
FIGURES 2830. Mouthparts of first instar Crozetia seguyi larvae. 28. Labral fan. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. 29. Larval hypostoma. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. 30. Larval mandibles. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. Abbreviations: lb labral fan; hyps hypostoma; mnd mandible.
FIGURES 15-19. Crozetia. 15 in Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography
FIGURES 15-19. Crozetia. 15. Cr. crozetensis, male paratype wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 16. Cr. seguyi, higher magnification of male wing base. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 17. Cr. seguyi, SEM of last instar larval head, frontal view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 18. Cr. crozetensis, LM of last instar larval head, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 19. Cr. seguyi, LM of last instar larval head, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ant - antenna; ca - cephalic apotome; lf - labral fan; hyps - hypostoma; mnd - mandible; mx - maxilla; mxp - maxillary palpus.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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