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205 results for “long-term change”
Data from: Long-term changes in the seasonal timing of landbird migration on the Pacific Flyway
The seasonal phenology of latitudinal movements is one of the key life-history traits of migratory birds. We used quantile regression to examine long-term changes in the timing of spring and autumn migration in 5 species of migratory passerine birds captured at a banding station in northern California, USA, over a 22 yr period from 1987 to 2008. Our 5 study species included 3 short-distance migrants, Pacific-slope Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis), Orange-crowned Warbler (Oreothlypis celata), and Wilson's Warbler (Cardellina pusilla); and 2 long-distance migrants, Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) and Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia). Median timing of migration advanced in spring for 2 of the 5 species (−2.5 days decade−1) but was delayed during autumn migration for 3 of the species (+2.9 days decade−1). The duration of the migration period also became compressed in some species but more protracted in others. We tested whether annual variation in migration timing was related to 3 indices of regional climatic conditions: the Pacific–North American index, multivariate El Niño–Southern Oscillation index, and North Atlantic Oscillation index. Climate indices explained relatively little of the variation in migration timing (r2 < 0.35), but advances in spring migration and delays in autumn migration were associated with warm, wet conditions during positive phases of the climate indices. The strongest effects of climatic conditions on migration timing were found among short-distance migrants, with the largest changes in timing due to variation in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Pacific–North American indices. Linkages between the timing of movements and climatic conditions indicate that passerine birds on the Pacific coast exhibit phenotypic plasticity in their migration timing, but future studies based on experimental methods are needed to test alternative ecological mechanisms.
Data from: Long-term genetic monitoring reveals contrasting changes in the genetic composition of newly established populations of the intertidal snail Bembicium vittatum
Newly established populations are susceptible to founder events that reduce genetic variation. This may be counterbalanced by gene flow after populations become established or founders coming from genetically different populations. However, initial gains in genetic diversity may be short-lived if there is limited mixing between lineages and subsequent inbreeding or if one lineage sweeps to fixation through selection or genetic drift. Here, we report on the genetic changes taking place within two newly established populations of intertidal snail over a 15-year period (~ 10 generations). Each translocation was set up using multiple, genetically distinct source populations. Our data show that higher levels of variation in the translocated populations compared to the source populations were maintained over time for both nuclear (microsatellite) and mitochondrial genes. Small changes in allele and haplotype frequencies were observed in the source populations and in one of the translocated populations, but marked changes were evident in the other, where there was a dramatic shift towards the genetic make-up of one of the source populations. These genetic changes occurred despite relatively large numbers of founders (200- 374 adults) and no evidence of the population experiencing a severe reduction in effective population size. Our study shows that the genetic composition of newly established populations can vary greatly over time and that genetic outcomes can be highly variable, and significantly different to expectations, even when they are established using high numbers of individuals and involve source populations from the same geographic regions.
Data from: Eighty-five million years of Pacific Ocean gyre ecosystem structure: long-term stability marked by punctuated change
While the history of taxonomic diversification in open ocean lineages of ray-finned fish and elasmobranchs is increasingly known, the evolution of their roles within the open ocean ecosystem remains poorly understood. To assess the relative importance of these groups through time, we measured the accumulation rate of microfossil fish teeth and elasmobranch dermal denticles (ichthyoliths) in deep-sea sediment cores from the North and South Pacific gyres over the past 85 million years (Myr). We find three distinct and stable open ocean ecosystem structures, each defined by the relative and absolute abundance of elasmobranch and ray-finned fish remains. The Cretaceous Ocean (pre-66 Ma) was characterized by abundant elasmobranch denticles, but low abundances of fish teeth. The Palaeogene Ocean (66–20 Ma), initiated by the Cretaceous/Palaeogene mass extinction, had nearly four times the abundance of fish teeth compared with elasmobranch denticles. This Palaeogene Ocean structure remained stable during the Eocene greenhouse (50 Ma) and the Eocene–Oligocene glaciation (34 Ma), despite large changes in the overall accumulation of both groups during those intervals, suggesting that climate change is not a primary driver of ecosystem structure. Dermal denticles virtually disappeared from open ocean ichthyolith assemblages approximately 20 Ma, while fish tooth accumulation increased dramatically in variability, marking the beginning of the Modern Ocean. Together, these results suggest that open ocean fish community structure is stable on long timescales, independent of total production and climate change. The timing of the abrupt transitions between these states suggests that the transitions may be due to interactions with other, non-preserved pelagic consumer groups.
Datasets used in "Stomatal conductances influences interannual variability and long-term changes in regional cumulative plant uptake of ozone"
Model archived fields for surface ozone, effective stomatal conductance, and leaf area index corresponding to Clifton, O. E., Lombardozzi, D. L., Fiore, A. M., Paulot, F., & Horowitz, L. W., (2020). Stomatal conductance influences interannual variability and long-term changes in regional cumulative plant uptake, Environmental Research Letters.
A systematic review of long-term avian studies on phenological changes of birds and their food
<p>Many organisms reproduce in seasonal environments, where selection on timing of reproduction is particularly strong as consumers need to synchronize reproduction with the peaked occurrence of their food. When a consumer species changes its phenology at a slower rate than its resources, this may induce a trophic mismatch, i.e. offspring growing up after the peak in food availability, potentially leading to reductions in growth and survival. However, there is large variation in the degree of trophic mismatches as well as in its effects on reproductive output.</p> <p>Here, we explore the potential causes for variation in the strength of trophic mismatches in published studies of birds. Specifically, we ask whether the changes in the degree of mismatch that have occurred over time can be explained by a bird's <strong>(1)</strong> breeding latitude, <strong>(2)</strong> migration distance, and/or <strong>(3)</strong> life-history traits.</p> <p>In particular, the script used contains the following analyses: <strong>(I)</strong> using linear mixed effect models we test whether the rate of change in food phenology, bird phenology and their difference (i.e. the rate of change in asynchrony) differed significantly from zero, <strong>(II)</strong> using linear mixed effect models we test whether the rate of change in asynchrony between birds and their food could be explained by breeding latitude, migratory behaviour and/or species life-history traits (body mass, clutch size and incubation duration).</p> <p>We found that none of these three factors explains changes in the degree of mismatch over time. Nevertheless, food phenology did advance faster at more northerly latitudes, while shifts in bird phenology did not show a trend with latitude. We argue that the lack of support in our results is attributable to the large variation in the metrics used to describe timing of food availability.</p>
Replication data for Chen and Khanna. (Global Environmental Change Advances, 2024), "Heterogeneous and Long-Term Effects of a Changing Climate on Bird Biodiversity"
<p>This dataset contains code and data to replicate the results for "Heterogeneous and Long-Term Effects of a Changing Climate on Bird Biodiversity" by Luoye Chen and Madhu Khanna.</p>
Long-term decrease in colouration: A consequence of climate change?
<div>Climate change has been shown to affect fitness-related traits in a wide range of taxa; for instance, warming leads to phenological advancements in many plant and animal species. The influence of climate change on social and secondary sexual traits, that are associated with fitness due to their role as quality signals, is however unknown. Here, we use more than 5800 observations collected on two Mediterranean blue tit subspecies (<em>Cyanistes caeruleus caeruleus </em>and <em>C. c. ogliastrae</em>) to explore whether blue crown and yellow breast patch colourations have changed over the past 15 years. Our data suggests that colouration has become duller and less chromatic in both sexes. In addition, in the Corsican <em>C.c.ogliastrae</em>, but not in the mainland <em>C.c.caeruleus</em>, the decrease is associated with an increase in temperature at moult. Quantitative genetic analyses do not reveal any microevolutionary change in the colour traits along the study period, strongly suggesting that the observed change over time was caused by a plastic response to the environmental conditions. Overall, this study suggests that ornamental colourations could become less conspicuous due to warming, revealing climate change effects on sexual and social ornaments and calling for further research on the proximate mechanisms behind these effects.</div>
Long-term Changes in Salinity in the South China Sea due to Anthropogenic Forcing
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Long-term changes in occurrence, relative abundance, and reproductive fitness of bat species in relation to arrival of White-nose Syndrome in West Virginia, USA
<p>White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a disease caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans which has resulted in the deaths of millions of bats across eastern North America. To date, hibernacula counts have been the predominant means of tracking the spread and impact of this disease on bat populations. However, an understanding of the impacts of WNS on demographic parameters outside the winter season is critical to conservation and recovery of bat populations impacted by this disease. We used long-term monitoring data to examine WNS-related impacts to summer populations in West Virginia, where WNS has been documented since 2009. Using capture data from 290 mist-net sites surveyed from 2003–2019 on the Monongahela National Forest, we estimated temporal patterns in presence and relative abundance for each bat species. For species that exhibited a population-level response to WNS, we investigated post-WNS changes in adult female reproductive state and body mass. Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat), M. septentrionalis (northern long-eared bat), and Perimyotis subflavus (tri-colored bat) all showed significant decreases in presence and relative abundance during and following the introduction of WNS, while Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat) and Lasiurus borealis (eastern red bat) responded positively during the WNS invasion. Probability of being reproductively active was not significantly different for any species, though a shift to earlier reproduction was estimated for E. fuscus and M. septentrionalis. For some species, body mass appeared to be influenced by the WNS invasion, but the response differed by species and reproductive state. Results suggest that continued long-term monitoring studies, additional research into impacts of this disease on the fitness of WNS survivors, and a focus on providing optimal non-wintering habitat may be valuable strategies for assessing and promoting recovery of WNS-affected bat populations.</p>
Long-term changes in flowering synchrony reflect climatic changes across an elevational gradient
<p>These are the data with the accompanying R code used in the article "Long-term changes in flowering synchrony reflect climatic changes across an elevational gradient", by Fisogni A, de Manincor N, Bertelsen CD, and Rafferty NE.</p> <p>We provide the raw data on flowering phenology, temperature and precipitation data in the study area, and overlap estimates used to evaluate temporal changes within and between elevations and their relationship with changing climatic variables.</p> <p>Data are .txt files with tab separated values.</p> <p>The raw dataset was created by C. David Bertelsen from field observations performed from 1984 to 2019 along a fixed transect in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA.</p>
The climatic drivers of long-term population changes in rainforest montane birds
<p>Climate-driven biodiversity erosion is escalating at an alarming rate. The pressure imposed by climate change is exceptionally high in tropical ecosystems, where species adapted to narrow environmental ranges exhibit strong physiological constraints. Despite the observed detrimental effect of climate change on ecosystems at a global scale, our understanding of the extent to which multiple climatic drivers affect population dynamics is limited. Here, we disentangle the impact of different climatic stressors on 47 rainforest birds inhabiting the mountains of the Australian Wet Tropics using hierarchical population models. We estimate the effect of spatiotemporal changes in temperature, precipitation, heatwaves, droughts, and cyclones on the population dynamics of rainforest birds between 2000–2016. We find a strong effect of warming and changes in rainfall patterns across the elevational-segregated bird communities, with lowland populations benefiting from increasing temperature and precipitation, while upland species show an inverse strong negative response to the same drivers. Additionally, we find a negative effect of heatwaves on lowland populations, a pattern associated with the observed distribution of these extreme events across elevations. In contrast, cyclones and droughts have a marginal effect on spatiotemporal changes in rainforest bird communities, suggesting a species-specific response unrelated to the elevational gradient. This study demonstrated the importance of unravelling the drivers of climate change impacts on population changes, providing significant insight into the mechanisms accelerating climate-induced biodiversity degradation.</p>
Changes in Blood Lipids After Long-term Consumption of n-3 LC-PUFA-Enriched Dairy Products
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00639041. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Long-term Cognitive and Cerebral Changes in Sepsis Survivors and Their Predictors
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02339649. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Long-term Vascular, Functional and Morphological Changes in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertensive Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06827535. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Promoting Long-term Behavior Change to Reduce CVD Risk
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00227006. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Long-term Retinal Changes After Topical Citicoline Administration in Patients With Mild Signs of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04009980. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Diagnosing Epilepsy To EffeCT Change Long-Term Follow-Up
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07110454. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Long-term Observation of Ophthalmic Changes in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03928665. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Influence of climate change and post-delisting management on long-term population viability of the conservation-reliant Kirtland’s warbler
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Data from: Long-term declines in winter body mass of tits throughout Britain and Ireland correlate with climate change
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ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.