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Supplementary material 2 from: Eschen R, Grégoire, JC, Hengeveld GM, de Hoop MB, Rigaux L, Potting RPJ (2015) Trade patterns of the tree nursery industry in Europe and changes following findings of citrus longhorn beetle, Anoplophora chinensis Forster. NeoBiota 26: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.26.8947
Table S2: Explanation note: Summary of the intra-European trade in Acer plants from 138 producers in the Boskoop demarcated area in 2009, broken down by country.
FIGURE 3 in Distribution of the longhorned beetle CalliPogon relictus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Northeast Asia
FIGURE 3. Distribution of Callipogon relictus in Northeast Asia. The sites where this species is distributed are highlighted in red, and the provinces and administrative districts are indicated with numbers. China: 1—Shanxi, 2—Hebei, 3—Inner Mongolia, 4—Liaoning, 5—Jilin, and 6—Heilongjiang; South Korea: 7—Gangwon-do and 8—Gyeonggi-do; North Korea: 9—Pyeonganbuk-do, 10—Jagang-do, 11—Hamgyeongnam-do, and 12—Yanggang-do; Russian Federation: Primorsky Kray—13—Khasansky district, 14—Ussuriysky district, 15—Shkotovsky district, 16—Lazovsky district, 17—Anuchinsky district, 18—Chernigovsky district, 19—Yakovlevsky district, 20—Chuguevsky district, 21—Dalnerechensky district, and 22—Pozharsky district; Khabarovsky Kray—23—Bikinsky district and 24—South Lazo region; Jewish Autonomous Oblast— 25—Oktyabrsky district; Amur Oblast—26—Arkharinsky district, 27—Bureysky district, 28—Mazanovsky district, and 29— Selemdzhynsky district.
FIGURES 7–11. B in Bracon planitibiae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a new parasitoid of Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis)
FIGURES 7–11. B. planitibiae sp. nov. (female) 7, Habitus in dorsal view. 8, Habitus in lateral view. 9, Head in front view. 10, Head and antennae in lateral view. 11, Propodeum in dorsal view.
FIGURES 1–4. Preparing the sentinel logs. 1 in Bracon planitibiae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a new parasitoid of Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis)
FIGURES 1–4. Preparing the sentinel logs. 1, ALB adults reared in a hyaline box for laying eggs in logs, green leaves are Acer negundo for ALB adult nutrition. 2, Sentinel logs with ALB egg niches. 3, Making sentinel log cage for preventing bird predation. 4, Hanging the sentinel logs in canopy of willows. FIGURES 5–6. B. planitibiae sp. nov. parsasitizing its host. 5, A young larva of B. planitibiae parasitizing a first instar larva of ALB. 6, The cocoon of B. planitibiae and remains of its host (the green arrow poins the remains of first instar ALB larva; the blue arrow points the parasitoid cocoon; the purple arrow points the emergence hole of B. planitibiae, the red arrow points to the frass of ALB larva.
FIGURES 12–15 in Bracon planitibiae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a new parasitoid of Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis)
FIGURES 12–15. Bracon planitibiae sp. nov. 12, Head and mesosoma in dorsal view. 13, Wings. 14, Hind left leg (without coxa). 15, Metasoma in dorsal view.
Fig. 4 in Ecological patterns strongly impact the biogeography of western Palaearctic longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycoidea)
Fig. 4 Percentages of the Cerambycoidea species in 95 geographic regions of the western Palaearctic feeding on a broadleaved trees, b conifer trees and c roots
Fig. 5 in Ecological patterns strongly impact the biogeography of western Palaearctic longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycoidea)
Fig. 5 Average linkage clustering with approximately unbiased bootstraps (black circle ≥90 %, white circle>90 ×>70) for 95 geographic regions of the western Palaearctic and their clusters and sub-clusters plotted to maps. a, b Sorensen similarity coefficients. c, d Simpson similarity coefficients
Fig. 8 in Ecological patterns strongly impact the biogeography of western Palaearctic longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycoidea)
Fig. 8 Synthesis of assumed glacial refugia, dispersal barriers, filters and dispersal routes of longhorn beetles based on the analysis of regional species assemblages. R refugia of major importance, r refugia of minor importance, continuous red lines old dispersal barriers (more ancient than Postglacial), broken red lines postglacial dispersal barriers, dotted red lines postglacial filters, dotted blue arrows mostly ancient spreads, dashed blue arrows mostly recent spreads but including events before the postglacial and continuous blue arrows postglacial spreads
Fig. 1 in Ecological patterns strongly impact the biogeography of western Palaearctic longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycoidea)
Fig. 1 Study area and its geographic sub-division. Numbers indicate the regions sensu Illies (1976) and letters indicate the sub-regions
Figs. 7–10. Trachysomus thomsoni and its plant host Eugenia venezuelensis. 7–8 in Jaws: A Powerful Trunk-Girdling Longhorned Beetle, Trachysomus thomsoni Aurivillius, 1923 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Onciderini), in Panama
Figs. 7–10. Trachysomus thomsoni and its plant host Eugenia venezuelensis. 7–8) Branches cut open to show territories: 7) Larval territory; 8) Pupal territory with arrows indicating adult exit hole. 9) Pupa No. 5; 10) Pupa No. 4 (arrows point to larval exuviae).
Figs. 1–6 in Jaws: A Powerful Trunk-Girdling Longhorned Beetle, Trachysomus thomsoni Aurivillius, 1923 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Onciderini), in Panama
Figs. 1–6. Trachysomus thomsoni reared as Aiello lot 1989-10 and its plant host Eugenia venezuelensis. 1–2) Adult female individual No. 4; 3) Girdled end of trunk showing uncut core; 4–5) Girdled trunk with three branch bases (arrow points to girdled end); 6) Cut branch showing crescent-shaped tunnel excavated by larva.
Data from: Anchored hybrid enrichment provides new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae)
Cerambycidae is a species-rich family of mostly wood-feeding (xylophagous) beetles containing nearly 35 000 known species. The higher-level phylogeny of Cerambycidae has never been robustly reconstructed using molecular phylogenetic data or a comprehensive sample of higher taxa, and its internal relationships and evolutionary history remain the subjects of ongoing debate. We reconstructed the higher-level phylogeny of Cerambycidae using phylogenomic data from 522 single copy nuclear genes, generated via anchored hybrid enrichment. Our taxon sample (31 Chrysomeloidea, four outgroup taxa: two Curculionoidea and two Cucujoidea) included exemplars of all families and 23 of 30 subfamilies of Chrysomeloidea (18 of 19 non-chrysomelid Chrysomeloidea), with a focus on the large family Cerambycidae. Our results reveal a monophyletic Cerambycidae s.s. in all but one analysis, and a polyphyletic Cerambycidae s.l. When monophyletic, Cerambycidae s.s. was sister to the family Disteniidae. Relationships among the subfamilies of Cerambycidae s.s. were also recovered with strong statistical support except for Cerambycinae being made paraphyletic by Dorcasomus Audinet-Serville (Dorcasominae) in the nucleotide (but not amino acid) trees. Most other chrysomeloid families represented by more than one terminal taxon – Chrysomelidae, Disteniidae, Vesperidae and Orsodacnidae – were monophyletic, but Megalopodidae was rendered paraphyletic by Cheloderus Gray (Oxypeltidae). Our study corroborates some relationships within Chrysomeloidea that were previously inferred from morphological data, while also reporting several novel relationships. The present work thus provides a robust framework for future, more deeply taxon-sampled, phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of the families and subfamilies of Cerambycidae s.l. and other Chrysomeloidea.
Figure 4 in Genus Pseudolepturges Gilmour (1957) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): a new species from Bolivia, key to the species of the genus and first reports of a possible Pseudomyrmex ant mimic in longhorn beetles
Figure 4. Habitat of Pseudolepturges triplarinus sp. nov. and its potential ant model Pseudomyrmex triplarinus Weddell: (a) Trees of Triplaris americana (L.) Pav. Ex Meisn. (indicated by white arrows). (b) Ants of Pseudomyrmex triplarinus on the stem of T. americana.
Figure 1 in Genus Pseudolepturges Gilmour (1957) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): a new species from Bolivia, key to the species of the genus and first reports of a possible Pseudomyrmex ant mimic in longhorn beetles
Figure 1. Study area and collection location of Pseudolepturges triplarinus sp. nov. (a) South America. (b) Bolivia; the area of the Bolivian orocline indicated by black rectangle; map derived from Natural Earth World physical map with shaded relief at 1.24 km resolution (Natural Earth (public domain): http://www.naturalearthdata.com). (c) Ecosystems at the Bolivian orocline, Santa Cruz department, Bolivia; map derived with the shapefile of the biogeographical regionalization by Navarro and Ferreira (2011), using the Geographic Information System QGIS 2.14 (available at http://www.qgis. org/en/site/), study area indicated by red point. AN, anthropogenic habitat; AF, Amazon rainforest; CF, Chiquitano forest; GC, Gran Chaco forest; TF, Bolivian Tucuman forest; Y, Bolivian Yungas forest.
Figure 3 in Genus Pseudolepturges Gilmour (1957) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): a new species from Bolivia, key to the species of the genus and first reports of a possible Pseudomyrmex ant mimic in longhorn beetles
Figure 3. Comparison between Pseudolepturges triplarinus sp. nov., Pseudolepturges rufulus (Bates) and Pseudolepturges caesius Monné & Monné: (a,b) Pseudolepturges triplarinus sp. nov. holotype male: (a) head in lateral view; (b) anterior half of elytra; (c,d) Pseudolepturges rufulus (Bates), male; (a) head in lateral view; (b) anterior half of elytra. (e) Pseudolepturges caesius Monné & Monné, holotype female, dorsal view.
Figure 2 in Genus Pseudolepturges Gilmour (1957) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): a new species from Bolivia, key to the species of the genus and first reports of a possible Pseudomyrmex ant mimic in longhorn beetles
Figure 2. Comparison between Pseudolepturges triplarinus sp. nov. and Pseudolepturges rufulus (Bates): (a,b,c,g) P. triplarinus sp. nov. holotype male; (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view; (g) frontal view. (d,e,f,h) P. rufulus, male; (d) dorsal view; (e) ventral view; (f) lateral view; (h) frontal view.
Alpha-diversity, Beta-diversity and host-specificity of wood-boring longhorn beetle (Cerambycidea) in Asian tropical and subtropical forests
<p><span>A long-debated question in ecology is whether the hyper-diversity of tropical plant-feeding insects is a direct consequence of high tropical plant diversity and/or should be attributed to increases in host plant specialization. To address this debate, we used the longhorn beetle as a study system because their larval stages feed on the xylems of trees and lianas. We hypothesized that longhorn beetles show higher host-specificity in tropical forests than in other forests; alternatively, the high longhorn beetle diversity in the tropics may simply be owing to more diverse host plants. We therefore designed an investigation in tropical and subtropical forests to test these hypotheses. We adapted several analyses (i.e., non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, alpha-diversity, beta-dissimilarity indices comparisons, and variation partitioning based on redundancy analysis) to compare the species diversity of plants and longhorn beetles in different forests. Our results show that both the plant and beetle species in the tropical and subtropical areas were well-stratified (non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis). The beetle alpha-diversity in the tropical forests was significantly higher than that in the subtropical forests, but the plant alpha-diversity in the two types of forests were not significantly different. The beta-dissimilarity comparison showed that the plant species exerted a significant influence on beetle compositional assemblage in the tropical forests, but not in the subtropical forests. Finally, the variation partitioning results showed that both plant species and plant phylogenetic beta-diversity possessed significant explanatory power for beetle assemblage composition in the tropical forests, but not in the subtropical forests. We conclude that wood-boring longhorn beetles show higher host-specificity in tropical forests than in subtropical forests, and the high diversity of wood-boring longhorn beetles in tropical forests might be explained to a large extent by their more finely partitioned diet-breadth.</span></p>
Fig. 1 in First Detection of the Exotic Longhorn Beetle Batocera parryi (Hope) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Europe
Fig. 1. Habitus (dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively) of the female specimen of Batocera parryi captured in northern Spain during October 2014.
Figs. 1–12 in First Report of an Invasive Longhorn Beetle,Aristobia reticulator(Voet) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Litchi,Litichi chinensisSonn. (Sapindaceae), in India
Figs. 1–12. Feeding activities and life stages of Aristobia reticulator. 1) Adult; 2) Adult emerging from pupal cell; 3) Freshly laid egg under bark near fork; 4) Mature larva inside tunnel; 5) Tunnels packed with frass and wooden slivers; 6) Tunnel inside branches; 7) Heavy tunneling in main stem; 8) Mature larva in pupal cell; 9) Hole for ejection of frass; 10) Excreta ejected by larvae; 11) Beetle feeding on red gram; 12) Damaged branch of red gram.
Fig. 2 in Host Specificity and Wood Density-Based Host Choice by Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in a Panamanian Lowland Rainforest
Fig. 2. Monthly emergence numbers of longhorn beetles reared from branches cut and exposed in January 2013. Most adult emergences took place during the interphase of the dry season and rainy season, decreasing during the rest of the year.
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